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A 4-year-old boy was referred to our tertiary hospital after a penetrating adnexal injury by a large-breed dog to the left orbital area. There was an increase in lacrimation, which was thought to be due to an inflammatory reaction. However, it was discovered that the lacrimation increased in the reverse-Trendelenburg position and with the Valsalva maneuver. Halo sign and beta transferrin test were positive, which led to the diagnosis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fistula, and the patient was operated using a supraorbital craniotomy. A dural tear was visualized and sutured appropriately, then fibrin glue and an autologous galeal graft were applied to the tear. The CSF oculorrhea stopped postoperatively, and the patient was discharged after 10 days of follow-up. The patient had no recurrent CSF leakage at 4-year follow-up. Although CSF oculorrhea is rare and may be difficult to discern from lacrimation, the presence of pneumocephalus and halo sign should suggest fistula repair.

In the field of forensic medicine, injuries due to biting can be encountered in a wide range from mild to severe - even causing death. Animal bites are common nowadays and especially affect children. Although not common, such injuries draw attention with the findings of negligence and abuse, and even deliberate injury. In this study, a pediatric case who was bitten by a pitbull dog from various parts of his body, thrown by shaking and treated in intensive care was presented. It was aimed to discuss the forensic medical responsibilities of the Forensic Medicine Units in this and similar negligent injuries, especially by evaluating the case for whom opinion was requested in terms of negligence, abuse and deliberate injury due to an incision in the throat.

Pasteurella multocida (PM) is a gram negative coccobacillus which is frequently isolated from oropharyngeal secretions of domestic animals such as cats and dogs. For typical isolates from propable sources such as cat bite or scratch, the presence of indolepositive and oxidase-positive, gram-negative bacilli, non-growing on MacConkey agar, is usually sufficient for identification of Pasteurella multocida. Both animal bites and scratches typically cause soft tissue infections which tend to have favorable outcomes with appropriate medical treatment, however, they may also cause serious clinical conditions such as osteomyelitis, pneumonia, endocarditis, sepsis and meningitis. In this article, a case of soft tissue infection due to Pasteurella multocida in a 61 year-old diabetic female who had a history of dog bite on her left leg, was presented in the light of the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background: Dog bite injuries are more frequent injuries than they are supposed to be in our country. Aims and Objectives: This study presents our pediatric dog bite injuries of head and neck and a simple algorithm of the treatment. Materials and Methods: A retrospective screening was done of the cases, and data was collected. Descriptive statistical analysis was done about age, sex, type of injury, time of injury, type of dog breed, and closure options. Results: A total of ten children were enrolled to the study. The mean age was 6.4 years, and most of the cases were preschool-aged children. Scalp was the most affected region at head and neck. Pit bull was the only known dog breed. The common time of the injuries was morning. Major injuries were more than minor ones, and they were closed with graft or flaps. Conclusion: We think that dog bite injuries are an important problem in our country. Therefore, further detailed multi-centered studies should be done.

Rabies is an infectious zoonosis that kills tens of thousands of people worldwide every year, which can be prevented by effective measures. It is estimated that 55.000 people die per year due to rabies worldwide. In this report, 36-year-old male patients admitted to a hospital in Azerbaijan three months ago with a history of dog bite, fever, confusion, speech deterioration, cough, nausea, vomiting, low back pain and headaches. The patient's complaints continued for 3 days and no immunization was performed after contact. Cerebrospinal fluid samples from the patient were found to have high protein levels and were referred to our hospital with the diagnosis of encephalitis. In the patient who was followed with the diagnosis of rabies in intensive care unit, cardiac arrest occurred on the 1st day of hospitalization despite all the treatments. He did not respond to resuscitation performed after cardiac arrest. Viral nucleic acid for rabies virus was detected in Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction test in sent hair follicle samples. Preventing the disease is more effective than treating. For this reason, it is necessary to take measures by vaccination of domestic and wild animals which are at risk of transmission of rabies and avoiding contact with wild animals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The spectrum of bites varies from superficial scraches till deep avulsion of tissues. Children especially infants , because of inherent inability to defense against dogs , are more liable to get their bites. We report an interesting case of dog bite in a 5 months old infant.

Animal bites to the face can cause serious defects. In select cases when the avulsed part has been carefully preserved and brought-in with the patient, replantation may be the best solution. In other cases, few strategies are present. The classical "watchful waiting" strategy to treat such patients could be described as letting the wound to heal and only then, initiate reconstruction. Wound scarring and patient's psychological disturbance due to prolonged rehabilitation are its biggest disadvantages. However, a proactive method with reconstruction initiated early during the convalescent phase, can result in faster rehabilitation. Herein, we present detailed description of a su ccessful early reconstruction of the perioral area in a teenage girl following a dog bite; the reconstruction encompassing the anatomical, functional and aesthetic spectrum. Thus, we believe, proactive strategy has a huge potential in the modern era of reconstructive head and neck surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]