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Zika virüsü ilk olarak 1947 yılında Uganda ormanlarında yaşayan Rhesus maymunundan izole edilmiştir. İnsanda ilk Zika virüs enfeksiyonu 1954 yılında Nijerya’da bildirilmiştir. Virüs artropod kökenli (arbovirüs) bir virüs olup Falaviviridae ailesinde yer alan Flavivirüs genusunda bulunan bir virüs’dür. Bulaşma çoğunlukla Culicidae ailesinde yer alan Aedes cinsi sivrisineklerle olmaktadır. Sivrisinek haricinde insan dışı primatlar ve kemirgenler de rezervuar olarak kaynak olabilmektedir. Çoğunlukla belirtiler ateş, baş ağrısı, yorgunluk ve kutanöz döküntü şeklindedir. Hastalık, sivrisinek ısırığından 3 ila 12 günlük bir kuluçka süresinden sonra oluşmaktadır. 2007 yılına kadar, Afrika ve Asya’da bulunan birçok ülkeden Zika virüsünden kaynaklı olan vakalar bildirilmiş olsa da 2007 yılında Mikronezya’da bir salgın ortaya çıkmıştır. 2015 yılında Brezilya’dan bildirilen Zika virüsü hastaları ve hastalıkla bağlantısı olabilecek komplikasyonları özellikle mikrosefali (yeni doğanlarda kafatası küçülmesi) doğum oranı artışları sebebiyle önemli bir tehdit olarak çıkmıştır. Bu durum, Zika virüsünün özellikle yeni doğan bebekler üzerinde etkili olmasına ve ciddi endişeler yaratmasına sebep olmuştur. Ayrıca Zika virüsünün etkisiyle ortaya çıktığı düşünülen Guillain-Barre Sendromu periferik bir sinir sistemi rahatsızlığı olup enfeksiyonla ilgili gelişen sıkıntıları artırmıştır. Milyonlarca insan geçmişten 2015 yılının bitimine kadar Zika virüsü tarafından etkilenmiştir. Zika virüsü hastalığı hafif seyirli etki etmesiyle beraber spesifik tedavi yöntemi bulunmamaktadır. Zika virüsü ile oluşan enfeksiyonlardan korunmaya yönelik henüz bir aşı bulunmamaktadır. Bu derlemede, Zika virüsünün yapısı, virüsün bulaşma yolları, enfeksiyonun epidemiyolojisi, patogenezi, tanısı, klinik özellikleri, alternatif tedavi yöntemleri, varsa mevcut aşılar ve korunma yolları hakkında bilgiler verilmiştir.

Zika virus is an RNA virus belonging to the Flaviviridae family, and is primarily transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. Only a small number of cases had been described until 2007 when the first major Zika virus outbreak occurred on Yap Island, Micronesia. Approximately 80% of people infected with Zika virus do not exhibit any symptoms. Symptomatic infections are generally moderate and characterized by acute onset of fever, maculopapular rash, arthralgia, or conjunctivitis. The virus has recently attracted a broad interest due to the emerging cases of microcephaly that are possibly associated with mothers infected by the Zika virus during pregnancy, and the regional increases in the incidence of Guillain-Barre syndrome during the epidemic periods. Although the relationship between Zika virus infection and these abnormalities is not obviously understood yet, Zika virus testing is recommended for infants with microcephaly or intracranial calcifications whose mothers were potentially infected with the Zika virus during pregnancy. Every day, new reports are being published about the outbreaks associated with this virus; nevertheless, no new cases of this virus have been reported in Turkey. Despite this, we cannot currently exclude the possibility of the encounter with the virus because of the presence of Aedes mosquitoes, which are responsible for the spread of the virus, are prevalent in Turkey, and an increasing number of travel-related cases are being reported from different countries. In the light of the current knowledge on this virus, this review aims to discuss the course of Zika virus infections in detail, especially congenital infection, and presenting current information about the case management and preventive measures. [Cukurova Med J 2016; 41(1.000): 143-151]

After its first discovery for 70 years, World Health Organization has classified the Zika virus (ZIKV) as a global health risk. The ZIKV that is transmitted to human by some species of Aedes mosquitos has caused sporadic and epidemic infections generally in tropical and subtropical regions to date. Though it mainly produces a self-limiting febrile rash disease in symptomatic cases, its real significance has been better understood after detection of its ability to promote immune-mediated neurologic disorders such as Guillain Barre syndrome in healthy adults following the acute infection, and microcephalia in the fetus of infected pregnants. In addition to vectors, its ability to spread by bloodborne and sexual route were recognized as the most potent feature of ZIKV to spread in population. Wide global distribution of the vectors, including our country, poses a substantial continuous risk for Turkey. Furthermore, increasing human movement due to the Olympic Games that will be held in Brazil in 2016 summer, where the virus is the most prevalent country, is a growing concern about augmenting the spread of virus to the world. In this review, latest data about the ZIKV transmission, health problems caused by, and treatment properties were aimed to be evaluated in a historical progress, and some preventive measurements were suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zika virus disease is an infectious disease due to an RNA virus belonging to the Flaviviridae family and is most frequently transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. Approximately, 80% of people infected with Zika virus is asymptomatic. Symptomatic infections are generally mild and characterized by acute onset of fever, maculopapular rash, arthralgia, or conjunctivitis. Zika virus disease is associated with fetal anomalies and, neurologic complications, albeit rarely, in adults. No cases so far have been reported in Turkey. However, Aedes mosquitoes responsible for the spread of the virus are prevalent in Turkey. The most effective public health measures for preventing Zika virus disease include controlling the mosquito populations via insecticides and preventing humans from direct exposure to mosquitoes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zika virus, is an arbovirus belonging to the Flavivirus genus first isolated from a Rhesus monkey in 1947 in Uganda. It is mainly transmitted by mosquitoes of Aedes genus. Most common signs and symptoms are fever, fatigue, headache, and rash. In this report, we report two cases of Zika virus disease with diffuse artralgias, maculopapular rash, and fatigue symptoms developing after traveling to Cuba. In the literature there were no cases of Zika virus disease reported from our country, and these are considered the first cases in Turkey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zikavirus (ZİKV) is a mosquito-borne virüs that is linked to Flavivirus genus. Despite of limited published only sporadic cases in Africa and Asia since discovered in 1947, in this day and age the emergence and spreading rapidly of Zika virus in South Americas takes the attention of global health authorities unlike in thepast. Although Zika virus infections are asymptomatic around 80%, symptomatic patients may predominantly have maculopapular and pruritic rashe and other mild, self-limiting, and non-specific complaints like fever, arthralgia, myalgia, fatigue, headache etc. On the other hand, severe manifestations have been indentified, including Guillain-Barre syndrome in adults and microcephaly in babies born to infected mothers. Currently there is no identification of Zika virus in our country yet. Neverthless, especially Aedes types mosquitos have been seen in south-east Turkey and increase in international traveling demonstrates that there is a potential that this situation can present itself here as well. This is why healthcare providers should be more careful and well prepared. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zoonozis is described as naturally transmitted infectional diseases between vertebrates and humans. Zoonotic disesases include viral, bacterial, fungal, rickettsial and parasiter infections. Animals play the vector role for the zoonotic infection and disease does not develop in them. Ecological factors such as climate, hygene and socioeconomical conditions affect the epidemiology of zoonotic diseases. Nowadays, zoonotic diseases bring out a serious threat to human health. Crimean Congo haemorrhagic fever, Zika virus and Ebola virus diseases are important and currently outstanding public health problems in hyperendemic regions. Skin involvement may give a clue for the early diagnosis and treatment for these conditions. In addition, these skin symptoms can also provide information about the prognosis of the diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review evaluates current knowledge related to Zika virus (ZV) infection, disease outbreaks which particularly began at the end of 2015 and ZV related congenital anomalies, and prevention methods of the disease as well. ZV was first described in Uganda in 1947. Although several local outbreaks occurred, it was out of the knowledge until 2015. The increased incidence of microcephaly cases in regions of the disease outbreaks in Brazil let people focus on the relationship between the infection and neurological abnormalities. In the same region, the detection of virus RNA by using reverse transcription PCR (RTPCR) in blood and amniotic fluid of a woman who gave a birth to a baby with microcephaly and neurological abnormalities has attracted the attention of the world. Local and global health organizations release disease-prevention strategies in succession for pregnant women and the women who plan to conceive. In this review, we aimed to search the literature regarding this disease in our country and other regions of the world and we wanted to create awareness about the prevention strategies of ZV infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zika virus (ZIKV), is an arbovirus (arthropod borne virus) belonging to the Flavivirus genus that was first isolated from a Rhesus monkey in 1947 in Uganda. The transmission is mostly vectorial by mosquitoes of the Culicidae family and of the Aedes genus (mostly Aedes aegypti). Non-human primates and possibly rodents play a role as reservoir. The symptoms (fever, maculopapular rush, arthralgia and conjunctivitis) appear after an incubation period after the mosquito bite and usually last three to 12 days. Asymptomatic cases are frequent. In recent years, virological studies have allowed identifying the virus in Africa, Asia, and Oceania, in the Pacific. Beginning at the end of 2013, a large outbreak affected the West Pacific islands. In 2015, Brazilian local health authorities also observed an increase in babies born with microcephaly at the same time of an outbreak of ZIKV. Preliminary diagnosis is based on the clinical features of patient, places and travel dates, and activities. Laboratory diagnosis of ZIKV is generally performed by testing serum or plasma to detect virus, viral nucleic acid, or virus-specific immunoglobulin M and neutralizing antibodies. Unfortunately, there is no specific treatment or vaccine for ZIKV infection. The treatment is symptomatic. Prevention against the infection relies on individual protection against mosquito bites and eradication of mosquitoes in outbreak areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zika virus is an RNA virus belonging to the Flaviviridae family, and is primarily transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. Only a small number of cases had been described until 2007 when the first major Zika virus outbreak occurred on Yap Island, Micronesia. Approximately 80% of people infected with Zika virus do not exhibit any symptoms. Symptomatic infections are generally moderate and characterized by acute onset of fever, maculopapular rash, arthralgia, or conjunctivitis. The virus has recently attracted a broad interest due to the emerging cases of microcephaly that are possibly associated with mothers infected by the Zika virus during pregnancy, and the regional increases in the incidence of Guillain-Barre syndrome during the epidemic periods. Although the relationship between Zika virus infection and these abnormalities is not obviously understood yet, Zika virus testing is recommended for infants with microcephaly or intracranial calcifications whose mothers were potentially infected with the Zika virus during pregnancy. Every day, new reports are being published about the outbreaks associated with this virus; nevertheless, no new cases of this virus have been reported in Turkey. Despite this, we cannot currently exclude the possibility of the encounter with the virus because of the presence of Aedes mosquitoes, which are responsible for the spread of the virus, are prevalent in Turkey, and an increasing number of travel-related cases are being reported from different countries. In the light of the current knowledge on this virus, this review aims to discuss the course of Zika virus infections in detail, especially congenital infection, and presenting current information about the case management and preventive measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zika virus is a Flavivirus in the family Flaviviridae, and transmitted to humans by Aedes species mosquitoes. Zika virus infection is asymptomatic in 80% of cases and has a mild course when symptoms occur. These symptoms include headache, myalgia, mild fever, maculopapular rash and conjunctivitis. Zika virus has been associated with serious neurological complications such as Guillain-Barre syndrome in adults and microcephaly development in neonates. It has recently become a global public health problem as a result of increasing cases. As it is known that the vector of this disease is present in our country; entry of Zika virus infection in our country has a great importance. In this report the clinical and laboratory findings of two cases of Zika virus infection imported to Turkey by a couple returning from Cuba in October 2017 were presented. Newly married couple, both 29 years old, without a known chronic disease history, went on honeymoon to Cuba between 17-29 September and they visited Havana and Varadero. They reported that they were bitten repeatedly by the mosquitoes and did not use insect repellents during this time. Four days after returning to Turkey, they had headaches, back pain and myalgia followed by rash and joint pain. They reported having their symptoms started in the same day in a few hours difference. The symptoms for both patients disappeared in 10 days. Serum samples from the patients were sent to the Public Health General Directorate National Arboviruses and Viral Zoonoses Laboratory to be tested for Dengue, Chikungunya and Zika viruses. Nucleic acid testing yielded negative results. The Arbovirus Indirect Immunofluorescence test were positive both for IgM and IgG for Zika virus. No cross reactivity with Dengue virus was detected. Chikungunya antibodies were found as negative. At two months of the diagnosis, urine and semen samples of the male patient were tested by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR). The result was negative for urine but positive for semen sample. This report is important to present the first cases of Zika virus infection published in Turkey. Zika virus infection should be suspected in patients with fever, headache, rash, myalgia and joint pain returning from an endemic areas. All travelers, especially pregnant women, have to take precautions for mosquitos during the trip.