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In this study, the water quality of Nerdüş Stream, which flows near the asphaltite mines operated in Şırnak city center, and the acidity effect of metal loads in the water originating from the mines were investigated. For this purpose, the physical parameters of water samples taken from the stream during dry and rainy periods, depending on seasonal changes, were determined by on-site measurements and major anion-cation contents were determined by laboratory analyses. Analyzes of the samples taken from the stream generally showed Ca+2+Mg+2>Na++K+, and it was determined that they were carbonated and sulphate type waters and HCO3-+CO3-2>Cl-+SO4-2 . When the major anion-cation analysis results of water samples were evaluated according to WHO (2011) and TS 266 (2005) standards, it was determined that the elements were generally within the limit values, but they were not suitable for drinking purposes in terms of potassium content in the rainy period and sulfate content in the dry period. It has been evaluated that the TDS value is within the limit values of 300-900 mg/L and is in the "acceptable and fair" class, but the reason why this value is relatively high may be because the geological formations of asphaltite mines affect the chemistry of the water. Moreover, It was determined that the water samples were in the C2-C3 (Medium Saline-High Saline Water) class, and that there was no acidity caused by the mine since the water was neutral and had a low metal concentration content. It will be possible to use the water of Nerdüş Stream for plants other than those that need moderate salt and are sensitive to sodium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, it was intended to enhance the water and oil repellency properties of TencelTM fibres that are in naturally hydrophilic character to expand their usage possibilities. For this aim, Tencel™ fabrics were treated by floroalkyloligosiloxan (Dynasylan F 8815), cyclodextrin, crosslinking agent and catalyst. By preparing seven different treatment recipes, fabric application processes were carried out in one or in two stages. Then, the properties of the samples like water and oil repellency values, durability of the treatments after washing, bursting strength, stiffness and yellowness were determined and compared. Moreover, the microscopic images of the samples were evaluated and chemical structure of the fabric surfaces were characterized. The most withstanding outcome was obtained by the two stages application of floroalkyloligosiloxan, cyclodextrin, crosslinking agent and catalyst altogether to Tencel™ fabric surfaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of SDU Journal of Engineering Sciences & Design / Mühendislik Bilimleri ve Tasarım Dergisi is the property of Journal of Engineering Sciences & Design and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The present study investigated the environmental problems that emerged in recent years in Balıkgöl (2.441 m), which is one of the primary landscape and natural life resources of Ağrı province. The data sources of the present study included field studies, which were carried out in different periods and the analysis results of the water samples collected from different locations of the lake. Balıkgöl, one of the higher altitude lakes in Anatolia, faces a number of problems that have been considered the first indications of environmental degradation, despite the fact that the lake was designated as a "Qualified Natural Protection Area" by the Council of Ministers in 2020. Recreation facilities are built in an uncontrolled manner along the coastline, and the waste left behind by the operators of the recreational businesses and local people contaminates the lake, deteriorating the natural structure of the coast, and the environmental problems are destroying the natural life, likely irreversibly. In addition, the fact that a number of bacterial species (including Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli etc.) detected in the water samples collected from the lake can be considered an important sign of environmental degradation. The results of the present study suggested that the environmental destruction in the lake was predominantly of anthropogenic origin and the change in the lake environment was mainly due to recreational activities and the compulsive use of the resources around the lake by the local people. Therefore, the management of Balıkgöl, which is designated as a "Qualified Natural Protection Area," with an integrated approach will contribute to the conservation and use of the lake on a sustainable basis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: In this study, it was aimed to investigate Legionella spp. and other pathogenic microorganisms in swab samples taken from different units of a tertiary healthcare hospital between July 25, 2019 and November 1, 2019. Materials and Methods: Ninety-two swab samples were taken from the mechanical ventilator, air conditioner filters, water outlets, and sink faucets in the laboratory, operating room and different intensive care units of the hospital. All samples were centrifuged and inoculated directly onto buffered coal yeast extract agar, a medium selective for Legionella and other conventional media. 16S rRNA sequence analysis was performed for identification at the species level by randomly selecting 6 samples that were positive for Legionella by culture and serological tests. Results: Growth compatible with Legionella spp. colonies was observed in 24 (26.08%) cultures. Only three of the 6 serogrouped samples were confirmed by molecular identification. Two of these were identified as Legionella pneumophila subsp. pneumophila and the other as Legionella anisa. Penicillium spp., Aspergillus flavus, Acinetobacter baumannii, Morganella morganii, Moraxella spp., and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were isolated from the filters of mechanical ventilators and Escherichia coli from a tap sample. Conclusion: Potential Legionella spp. exposure in high-risk patients should be eliminated with increased sampling frequency and effective control measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Turkish rivers and streams, the sediment monitoring studies were commenced in 1961 and have been conducted by the State Hydraulic Works (DSİ). It is known from the suspended sediment data published annually by DSİ that the sediment monitoring studies are limited to only three sediment gauging stations, on the Fol Stream (Vakfıkebir Town), the Değirmendere Stream (Maçka Town), and the Karadere Stream (Araklı Town) in Trabzon Province. This study aims to monitor and assess the total suspended sediment (TSS) transport in the Değirmendere Stream and the adjacent stream watersheds, namely Yomra and Galanima. The stream water sampling studies were conducted two times a month for six months from September 2019 to February 2020, on a sum of 12 TSS monitoring stations, four stations in each watershed. Water depth monitoring studies were also conducted at two gauging stations, Öğütlü and Şinik, operated in the Değirmendere and Galanima stream watersheds, respectively. TSS loads were computed with the help of the average daily flowrate values and TSS concentrations in the relevant sections. In the Değirmendere Stream watershed, the average monthly TSS values ranged from 10.80 to 124.50 mg/L upstream station and 62.30 to 541.20 mg/L downstream station. The average daily flowrate values and TSS loads were computed as 489.335 m3 and 32.73 tons in the autumn and 506.592 m3 and 12.25 tons in the winter, respectively, for the TSS monitoring and gauging station. In the Galanima Stream watershed, the average monthly TSS values ranged from 11.80 to 94.10 mg/L upstream station and 21.10 to 158.20 mg/L downstream station. The average daily flowrate values and TSS loads were computed as 148.867 m3 and 4.46 tons in the autumn and 259.632 m3 and 18.31 tons in the winter, respectively, for the TSS monitoring and gauging station. In the Yomra Stream watershed, where the last six field studies are available, the average monthly TSS values ranged from 33.60 to 1.209.00 mg/L upstream station and 145.60 to 435.90 mg/L downstream station. It has been determined that the Galanima Stream watershed has the least transport among the watersheds monitored TSS concentration. The TSS load transported to the Black Sea is higher in the Değirmendere Stream watershed, where the city of Maçka is situated upstream and the city of Ortahisar is situated downstream due to intensive anthropogenic activities in the watershed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rock salt stratums are likely to be encountered during the injection process in tunnel construction, anchorage and similar in situ applications. In such stratums, the effects of rock salts on the unconfined compressive strength of the grout have not been clearly stated in the literature. For this purpose, cylindrical samples (38 mm x 76 mm) were produced with grout prepared at different water/cement ratios (0.8-1.0-1.2 and 1.4). In addition, granular rock salt was placed in cylindrical transparent molds (100mm x 200mm) with a relative density of Dr = 65% in order to determine the effect of this stratum on the strength of the grout in injection applications made in rock salt stratums. Then, grouts prepared for each water/cement ratio were injected into these samples with a special mechanism. The unconfined compressive strengths of the produced samples were determined after they were cured in appropriate air and water conditions (28 days). According to the test results in laboratory, while no strength could be obtained in the water cure in injected rock salt samples, the highest unconfined compressive strength was obtained as 12.52 MPa at water/cement ratio of 0.8 in air cure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of SDU Journal of Engineering Sciences & Design / Mühendislik Bilimleri ve Tasarım Dergisi is the property of Journal of Engineering Sciences & Design and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Karaelmas Science & Engineering Journal / Karaelmas Fen ve Mühendislik Dergisi is the property of Karaelmas Science & Engineering Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this study, at 11 different points along the Deliçay, which originates near Güzelyayla (Mersin) settlement in the Central Taurus Mountains and discharging into the Mediterranean Sea, streamflow was determined and water samples were collected after in-situ physical parameter measurements to reveal the changes in water chemistry. Major anion/cation and trace element contents of the water samples taken were analyzed in the laboratory using spectrophotometer, ion chromatography, titration, and ICP-MS methods. The results obtained were evaluated using various graphical methods and their suitability for agricultural irrigation purposes were evaluated. As a result, it has been determined that all water samples taken from Deliçay are suitable for agricultural irrigation. It was concluded that the parameters that may indicate pollution in the samples increase towards the basin outlet and the reason for this increase was interpreted as the uncontrolled discharge of various chemicals (fertilizers and agrochemicals) and domestic/industrial wastes into the river. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When high plasticity clays are used in high fill construction, they can be subjected to high stresses. In this study, a high plasticity clay soil was used as fill material. When this soil is exposed to water under different stresses during its service life, volume changes are expected to occur. This volume change behaviour was investigated using a series of consolidation tests. The samples were prepared on the wet side of the optimum water content (wopt=%18.7, determined by the modified compaction method ,(wopt+5= %23,7 and wopt+7=%25,7) at relative compaction (R.K.) of 90% and 95% (RK 90and RK 95). In the first set of tests, one dimensional compression and swelling behaviour of the soil was investigated on the prepared samples were loaded under high stresses under conditions corresponding to the wetted state (S series tests) and the dry state (N series tests). The second set of tests investigated the swelling behavior when water is introduced to the samples under different vertical stresses. In the third series of consolidation tests (K), after the deformations were completed the long settlement (creep) behavior due to changes in the internal structure of the soil was investigated. In the 1st and 2nd set of compaction tests, it was observed that the tendency to swelling decreased with increasing water content and the volume change values increased up to 16 times especially in the samples in contact with water in case of high stress. According to the deformation rates obtained from the third set of tests, it was observed that no additional volume changes due to the internal structure of the soil were formed in the high plasticity clay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of SDU Journal of Engineering Sciences & Design / Mühendislik Bilimleri ve Tasarım Dergisi is the property of Journal of Engineering Sciences & Design and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this study, it is aimed to determine the trace element contents of groundwater and surface waters in Hazar Lake Basin (Elazig) and to evaluate these elements in terms of human health. For this purpose, concentrations of trace elements such as arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), and chromium (Cr) in water samples taken from 51 different sites in the basin were analyzed using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICPMS). The lowest and highest concentrations of the selected trace elements in water samples (ppb) were determined as 0.01-2.08 for As, 0.01-0.15 for Cd, 0.05-111.35 for Cu, 0.06-311.44 for Mn, 0.01-2.56 for Pb, 1.73-896.11 for Zn, 0.09-14.21 for Ni, and 0.05-3.39 for Cr. According to these results, Cu and Mn concentrations in some water samples were found to be higher than the recommended standard values for drinking water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: "Access to clean drinking water" is an essential issue for every individual and is the most important phenomenon of human rights. The criteria of clean and usable water are regulated in our country with the "Regulation on Water for Human Consumption". In this study, it is purposed to be determined whether the free chlorine, conductivity and total hardness values in the waters supplied to the networks with the Blue Tunnel Drinking Water Project in Konya province Meram district are in compliance with the "Regulation on Water for Human Consumption" and to compare those values with the values of 2016, which are belonging to before the Blue Tunnel Project, in the same region. Methods: The study was planned in descriptive type. The research was carried out between August 01 - August 16, 2019 in Meram district of Konya city center. The water samples used in the research were taken from the 22 neighborhoods where used by the research which was done by our Necmettin Erbakan University Meram Faculty of Medine Department of Public Health between April 01 and June 01, 2016, in accordance with the sampling rules. Free chlorine, conductivity and total hardness values were analyzed in the water samples used in the research. Median (1st quartile-3rd quartile) was used to summarize the numerical data. In the statistical analysis, Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used because the number of data was less than 30. In statistical evaluation, p<0.05 level was considered significant. Results: In our study, free chlorine, conductivity, and total hardness values in water samples are measured as 0.50 (0.20-0.62) mg/L, 410.50 (382.50-421.25) µS/cm, 17.45 (16.17-19.01) °f (French hardness degree), respectively. In the study conducted in the same region in 2016, the free chlorine value is 0.58 (0.43-0.69) mg/L, the conductivity value is 436.00 (405.00-671.00) µS/cm, the total hardness value is 24.03 (20.64-38.98) °f was found. Conclusion: It was observed that conductivity, free chlorine and total hardness values in the water samples taken in our study are in compliance with the Regulation on Water for Human Consumption. Compared with the study in 2016, while there was no statistically significant difference in free chlorine and conductivity, total hardness value was found to be significantly low. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: It was aimed to evaluate the sea water and beach sand of beaches in Antalya in terms of microbiological. Methods: Sea water samples and sand samples from Konyaaltı and Lara beach were collected from the designated sampling points. Sand samples were taken from three different layers which were knee length bottom sand (DBK), wave zone (DZ) and dry sand (KK). These samples were examined by membrane filtration in terms of Esherichia coli, intestinal enterekok, Salmonella spp., yeast-Candida spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Results: When the general average distribution of sand, seawater and sand layer samples taken from Konyaaltı and Lara beaches was examined, it was determined that the microbial pollution in sea water was high. Conclusion: In resulting of our work, E. coli, in the samples, were 14% in Konyaalti beach and 6% in Lara beach. Intestinal enterococcus were also 22% in Konyaaltı beach and 30% in Lara beach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Gastroenteritis particularly affects children under the age of five worldwide. In case of an epidemic, determining the source of the epidemic in a short time and accurately is of great importance for the protection of the public health. In this study, it is aimed to demonstrate the applicabilitiy of the EPA 1615 method, which is an international standard method. Methods: In the study, firstly 10 L of water sample was contaminated with rotavirus isolate extracted from clinical samples. Afterwards, adsorption process was performed for the contaminated water sample. The adsorption process was achieved by using NanoCeram® (Argonide, U.S.A.) filter. Contaminated water sample was eluated after the adsorption process. The elution process was performed by using Beef Extract solution. Organic flocculation was applied to the eluted water sample. Before the organic flocculation process, the pH value of the eluate was adjusted to the defined value in the EPA 1615 standard. After the organic flocculation step, the pH value of the supernatant was adjusted again. Concentration process was completed by centrifugating supernatant in the 30.000 MWCO tubes. Then, viral RNA isolation was applied to the concentrated water sample. For this purpose, viral RNA isolation method defined by the EPA 1615 standard is accompolished with the QIAamp Viral RNA Mini Kit (Qiagen, Crawley-UK). The amplification of the isolated viral RNA sample was performed using the RealStar® Rotavirus RT-PCR Kit 1.0 (Altona Diagnostics GmbH, Germany) using the Qiagen Rotor-GeneQ device according to the manufacturer's instructions. Results: Adsorption-elution, centrifugation, viral RNA isolation and RT-PCR (reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction) steps were respectively applied to 10 L of water samples inoculated with Rotavirus dilutions. When the results of drinking water samples which were inoculated with three different dilutions of rotavirus are evaluated together, rotavirus presence can be detected by EPA 1615 Standard method. Additionally in this study, it was determined that Ct values increased according to decreasing rotavirus concentration values, in accordance with the principle of RT-PCR process. Conclusion: According to the results obtained with drinking water samples contaminated with three different concentrations of rotavirus strain, EPA 1615 Standard was shown to be applicable in water samples analyzed in the laboratory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turkish Journal of Public Health is the property of Turkish Journal of Public Health and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Derim is the property of Bati Akdeniz Agricultural Research Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: There were 1426 acute gastroenteritis hospital admissions in Unye district between 20-23 August 2017. Aim of this investigation conducted by field epidemiology unit was to identify possible reasons for the increase of cases, control probable sources and take preventive measures to prevent re-occurrence of the outbreak. Further aim of this study was revealing the difficulties encountered on the field and the flow of this intervention. Methods: A face-to-face survey was intended but as it was hazelnut harvesting period of district and the beginning of a national holiday, it was understood that it wouldn't be possible to reach the cases. The survey couldn't be carried out, for case detection, a descriptive study using hospital records was conducted. The suspected case was a person admitted to district hospitals between 20-23 August 2017 with gastroenteritis related ICD-10 codes: A09, R11 or K52.8/9. Microbiological tests for 30; virological tests for two water samples; microbiological, parasitological and virological tests for seven stool samples were investigated. Results: A total of 1092 suspected cases were identified from hospitals in Ünye (district population: 125722). Most common diagnostic code was R11: nausea and vomiting(41%). Fifty-three percent of cases were female. Mean age was 28.0±18.5 and median value was 25(Min.: 0-Max.: 86). Epidemic curve revealed personto- person transmission with propagated peaks. There was no clustering in a certain neighborhood nor common food exposure. Environmental investigation showed that structure of water tanks didn't comply with regulations and chlorine levels were inadequate. Escherichia coli was detected in ten water samples, coexistence of E.coli and Clostridium perfringens was detected in two samples. No virus was detected in two water samples. Norovirus was detected in six stool specimens, while bacteriological, parasitological examination revealed no detected pathogen. Decrease in cases was observed after hyperchlorination. Conclusion: Results of microbiological examinations that showed contamination in water, sudden increase of cases and it's spread throughout district along with results of clinical samples, indicated that outbreak was a norovirus-associated water-borne outbreak. In order to avoid gastroenteritis outbreaks, regular chlorination, investigation of the causes for contamination, to examine water tanks/networks and improvement for detected problems in case of detected pathogens or low chlorine levels in routine water-inspections, prior to an increase in cases, were recommended. It was thought that portable detection methods or provincialbased analysis centers for norovirus-related analyses are necessities for conducting pathogen-specific, evidencebased interventions. For public health action, decisions were taken on issues such as general hygiene education, hospital preparedness and hyperchlorination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is a study to evaluate the oil and gas potential of the region by investigating the organic hydrogeochemical, iodine geology and tectonic characteristics of Hasanoğlan (Ankara) region. The study was conducted in three steps. In the first step, preliminary studies on the stratigraphic and tectonic relations of the region have been examined. Thus, the data required for organic hydrogeochemical and geophysical evaluations are compiled. In the second step, aeromagnetic and regional gravity maps were prepared and the possible oil trap and characteristics of the tectonic structures in the study area were determined. In the last step, all data are evaluated and oil and gas potential of Hasanoğlan region is interpreted. TPH (Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons) analysis results of water samples showed n-alkane hydrocarbons. All n-alkanes in water samples are crude oil (petrogenic) hydrocarbons. Due to the presence of mature petroleum hydrocarbons and iodine-rich waters, the region has high oil and gas potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, Erzurum fountains and network waters were investigated in terms of microbiological, physical and chemical properties. The values of cloud, colour, smelt, taste of the water samples were thought that they were acceptable and there were no abnormal changes by consumers. pH rate of the water samples was assessed as 6.65-8.33 (average rate 7.31). The rate of conductivity and nitrite of the samples varied from, respectively 113-830 µS/cm (average rate 453.4 µS/cm) and 0.02-0.25 mg/lt (average rate 0.083 mg/lt). The rate of nitrate of the samples varied from 9.60-26.85 mg/lt (average rate 17.44 mg/lt) in the centre of Erzurum and Erzurum's counties. The rate of nitrate varied from 50.17-145.84 mg/lt (average rate 95.88 mg/lt) in half of all public drinking fountain (6 of 12) in the centre of Erzurum and the rate was defined that it was not proper to legal limits. The rate of nitrate varied from 14.03-47.73 mg/lt (average rate 34.55 mg/lt) in the other half of all public drinking fountain (6 of 12) in the centre of Erzurum and the rate was defined that it was proper to legal limits. The rate of ammonium, arsenic, aluminum and lead of the samples varied from, respectively 0.07-0.59 mg/lt (average rate 0.183 mg/lt), 0-0.432 µg/lt (average rate 0.036 µg/lt), 0.04-0.25 µg/lt (average rate 0.115 µg/lt), 0-0.613 µg/lt (average rate 0.049 µg/lt). The rate of iron of the samples varied from 0.04-0.18 mg/lt (average rate 0.10 mg/lt) in the centre of Erzurum and Erzurum's counties. Presence of E. coli and coliform bacteria was observed in 117 of 1403 samples (%8.33). Average pH, conductivity, nitrite, nitrate, ammonium, iron, arsenic, aluminum and lead values of waters were determined as 7.31, 429.56 µS/cm, 0.08 mg/lt, 26.39 mg/lt, 0.20 mg/l, 0.108 µg/l, 0.038 µg/l, 0.110 µg/l and 0.054 µg/l respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted to determine the anionic detergent and phosphate pollution in the coastal area of Gökçeada Island between December 2016 and November 2017. According to the results, the anionic detergent concentrations 0.020-0.051 mg/L and phosphate concentrations 0.008-0.451 mg/L were found between the values. The average concentrations of anionic detergent and phosphate in water samples collected from the island were evaluated according to Water Pollution and Control Regulation in water samples from Gökçeada Island. The island waters were determined as I. class (uncontaminated water) in terms of anionic detergent parameter and II. class (less contaminated water) in terms of phosphate parameter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of the Institute of Science & Technology of Dumlupinar University / Dumlupinar Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi is the property of Dumlupinar University, Institute of Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)