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Various methods and processes are applied in order to manage losses in water distribution systems. In order to apply these methods and achieve the expected benefits, the basic data in the system should be measured and monitored regularly. In this study, a new model was developed to analyze and evaluate the current levels of basic data required for the sustainable execution of water loss management processes. For this, a total of 18 basic components covering water loss management were considered. A scoring structure has been developed to evaluate the current status and application level of these components. In this scoring structure, the components are scored gradually to define the current level of application. The developed model was applied to three water utilities and tested with real field data. The current situation, weaknesses and strengths of each administration are defined within the scope of basic data. Targets to be achieved gradually for each component were determined based on these analyzes. It is thought that this study will constitute a reference for decision makers and technical personnel in administrations, especially in water loss management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, mechanical behavior and fracture energy values of SIFCON containing normal strength (3D) and high strength (5D) steel fibers and polyolefin-based synthetic fiber after 90°C steam curing and 150°C oven curing were investigated. In addition, the effect of thermal curing processes on the permeability properties of SIFCON was determined by capillary water absorption tests. Steel fibers were used at 4% and 8% by volume. On the other hand, polyolefin fiber was used only 4%. It was prepared in reference samples that did not use fiber for comparison purposes. The highest fracture energy values were obtained in the samples containing 5D type high strength steel fiber as 19,7 kN/m. Among the fibrous mixtures, the lowest fracture energy was found to be 5,7 kN/m in the samples containing polyolefin fibers. The capillary water absorption values of the oven-cured samples in permeability tests are higher than the steam-cured samples. As a result of the study, it was determined that the oven cure applied at higher temperature improved the mechanical properties and fracture energy values of SIFCON more than the steam cure. On the other hand, it was understood that the oven cure increased the capillary water absorption values of SIFCON and negatively affected the permeability compared to the steam cure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Physical urticaria is a heterogeneous group of inducible conditions in which symptoms are induced by exogenous physical triggers, such as cold, water, heat, and mechanical stimuli, acting on the skin. A nine-year-old male patient presented with complaints of erythema, itching, and a small urticarial rash on his skin after contact with water. His complaints started six months ago. Regardless of the temperature and water source, her symptoms emerged during hand and face washing and shower/bath. In addition, the patient had erythema, itching, and small urticarial rashes in the areas of the body where tears and sweat came in contact. His complaints were not triggered by other conditions such as exercise, temperature rise, stress or, cold. There were no individuals similar complaints in his family. No abnormalities were seen in laboratory tests. The patient was diagnosed with aquagenic urticaria after a history and water provocation test. After one month of antihistamine and liquid vaseline treatments, the patient's complaints were significantly reduced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]