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Copyright of Afyon Kocatepe University Journal of Science & Engineering / Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Fen Ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Afyon Kocatepe University, Faculty of Science & Literature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study was conducted to investigate the physical and chemical properties of the waters of Lower Tulgalı, Oymaklı, Sırımlı, Morçiçek and Sağmalı ponds in Van province during the Autumn (November 2022), Spring (May 2023) and Summer (July 2023) seasons. On site measurements were as follows: Dissolved oxygen 8.70±0.77 mgL-1, water temperature 13.56±0.62°C, turbidity 18.09±12.57 NTU, electrical conductivity 423.67±156.37 μScm-1, salinity 0.21±0.08 mgL-1, pH 8.77±0.18, TDS 215.26±80.04. The mean levels of chemical parameters were determined as Cl2 27.36±3.81 mgL-1, Ca+2 52.50±14.43 mgL-1, Mg+2 22.95±10.49 mgL-1, Ca+Mg 151.97±48.96 mgL-1, CO32- 6.21±0.92 mgL-1, HCO3- 130.61±61.39 mgL-1, NO2- 0.07±0.02 mgL-1, NO2--N 0.02±0.01 mgL-1, NO3- 3.93±2.38 mgL-1, NO3--N 0.94 ±0.56 mgL-1, NH3 0.36±0.45 mgL-1, NH3-N 0.31±0.39 mgL-1, NH4 0.38±0.47 mgL-1, PO4-3 0.10±0.10 mgL-1, P 0.03±0.04 mgL-1, SO4 102.95±32.12 mgL-1, K 2.16±1.01 mgL-1, Na 9.76±3.12 mgL-1, B 0.56±0.38 mgL-1, total hardness 20.33±10.82 mgL-1, organic matter 1.35±0.39 mgL-1, SAR 0.29±0.07 mgL-1, Cr+6 0.001±0.001 mgL-1, Fe+2 0.032±0.023 mgL-1, Mn+2 0.075±0.129 mgL-1, Cu 0.005±0.003 mgL-1, nickel and cobalt values were below measurable levels and Zn was determined as 0.010±0.003 mgL-1. The results obtained were evaluated according to the relevant water quality regulations. According to YSKYY and SKKY, all the measured parameters excluding pH indicated that pond waters were suitable for agricultural irrigation. According to ASSKY, all parameters excluding ammonia (except Sırımlı and Morçiçek) and nitrite were suitable for carp and trout production.

In this study, the water quality of Nerdüş Stream, which flows near the asphaltite mines operated in Şırnak city center, and the acidity effect of metal loads in the water originating from the mines were investigated. For this purpose, the physical parameters of water samples taken from the stream during dry and rainy periods, depending on seasonal changes, were determined by on-site measurements and major anion-cation contents were determined by laboratory analyses. Analyzes of the samples taken from the stream generally showed Ca+2+Mg+2>Na++K+, and it was determined that they were carbonated and sulphate type waters and HCO3-+CO3-2>Cl-+SO4-2 . When the major anion-cation analysis results of water samples were evaluated according to WHO (2011) and TS 266 (2005) standards, it was determined that the elements were generally within the limit values, but they were not suitable for drinking purposes in terms of potassium content in the rainy period and sulfate content in the dry period. It has been evaluated that the TDS value is within the limit values of 300-900 mg/L and is in the "acceptable and fair" class, but the reason why this value is relatively high may be because the geological formations of asphaltite mines affect the chemistry of the water. Moreover, It was determined that the water samples were in the C2-C3 (Medium Saline-High Saline Water) class, and that there was no acidity caused by the mine since the water was neutral and had a low metal concentration content. It will be possible to use the water of Nerdüş Stream for plants other than those that need moderate salt and are sensitive to sodium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Karagöl, with the village of Sivas Province Hafik Çimenyenice Zara County township is a small lake located between the villages of Bulakbaşı. 1300m altitude average of 5-6 ha of the lake at a depth of 4-5 m. Obruk a type of geological formation, and is covered with pine trees around. This study was being carried since November 2011 and so on Samples that used for water quality parameters analysis were collected once in a month. Water quality parameters, dissolved oxygen (DO), salinity, pH, temperature and electrical conductivity (E.İ) was measured directly in the field with the help of devices. Other water parameters as suspended solids (TSS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total alkalinity, total hardness, total ammonia nitrogen, nitrite, nitrate, ammonia, phosphate, sulfate, sulfite, free chlorine, sodium, magnesium, calcium, iron, lead, copper and cadmium are analyzed. In this study conducted for Karagöl (Hafik-Sivas) water quality of the stream is followed by water quality methods during a year. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Agriculture & Nature / Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım & Doğa Dergisi is the property of Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam Universitesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Natural Hazards & Environment (JNHE) / Doğal Afetler ve Çevre Dergisi (DACD) is the property of Artvin Coruh University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Çankırı Karatekin University Faculty of Letters Journal is the property of Cankiri Karatekin University Journal of Faculty of Letters and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Safe meat production is an important aspect to avoid human health hazards. The use of probiotics in poultry is an important tool to produce safe meat among several established biotechnological approaches. In this experiment, we studied the effects of probiotics for producing safe Japanese quail meat. 150 Japanese quail chicks were reared for a period of six weeks using various doses of probiotics (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2g per litre of water). The chicks were randomly distributed into five treatment groups with three replications each. The number of birds in each replication was 10. After rearing six weeks, significantly high body weight was found at probiotic concentrations of 1, 1.5, and 2g per litre of water. The feed intake in various treatments did not differ significantly, but comparatively better feed conversion ratios were observed at probiotic treatments. Water quality was not significantly differed as a result of addition of probiotics to the water. The reason for this better growth performance is probably due to the multiple benefits of probiotics in poultry. Probiotics could have maintained gut health with better nutrient utilization and availability that might have been led to higher body weight gain in the quail. In future experiments, challenging the birds with diseases or comparing probiotics with antibiotic growth promoters is required to ensure the efficiency of probiotics.

Water is vital for living organisms to survive, but its structure is gradually deteriorating due to increasing pollution. It is known that water quality is decreasing; therefore, it becomes necessary to examine water resources by taking into account many factors and taking necessary precautions accordingly. Unmanned underwater vehicles make it possible to carry out applications beneficial to human life in many areas, such as protecting natural resources, monitoring the environment, conducting search and rescue operations, and taking underwater samples. Within the scope of this study, it is aimed to develop a system that will be used in the research and control of water pollution that allows instantaneous analysis of water quality by obtaining the amount of dissolved oxygen levels in water, temperature, and pressure data, and then transferring these data. The developed Arduino-based system contains different sensors that enable water analysis. In addition, through the system software, the data received from the sensors and processed are transferred to the system interface to access simultaneous data, and if a value outside the normal range is detected from the sensors, the system gives a warning. For this purpose, the system design has been made by first determining the materials required for the system. Subsequently, appropriate libraries for the system software have been identified, the system software has been developed, and the interface from which the data would be received has been designed. It is planned that the system prototype produced through the application will be integrated into unmanned underwater vehicles and used in water resources such as water purification systems, fish farms, marine research, and to contribute to sustainable living. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to determine non-point pollution sources in the Kesikköprü Reservoir basin as well as to estimate the amount of pollution carried into the reservoir by surface flows from non-point sources. Water quality at the Kesikköprü reservoir has been negatively affected by nutrients from non-point pollution sources in the surrounding basin. These sources are identified as actions caused by land use practices (agricultural areas, urban zones, meadows, pastures, and natural vegetation areas), fertilizer use for agricultural activities, livestock activities, leaks from individual septic tanks, and atmospheric deposition in the basin. To estimate the pollution from non-point sources, sub-basin boundaries were established by using digital elevation maps within the existing basin boundaries of Kesikköprü Reservoir. The pollution loads namely, total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) from non-point sources in sub-basins are calculated for the year of 2022. The areal distributions of the obtained results are presented as digital maps generated by using ArcGIS 10.8, a Geographic Information System (GIS) software. Non-point pollution loads have been found to occur to a greater extent in the KAH-10 and KAH-2 subbasins, which have the largest areas among the sub-basins and have a high intensity of anthropogenic activities, in comparison to other sub-basins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The water quality and quantity of coastal aquifers are increasingly adversly affected due to changing climate conditions and increasing anthropogenic activities. This study was conducted to determine the water quality and pollutants of the Erdemli Coastal Aquifer (ECA). In this study, groundwater sampling was carried out in August 2020 to determine the physical and chemical properties of the water. The obtained results were evaluated according to the World Health Organization (WHO) drinking water standards. It was found that the electrical conductivity values were quite high in samples taken from certain points near the Mediterranean coast of ECA. These samples also exhibited high sodium (Na+) and chloride (Cl-) concentrations, exceeding the recommended WHO limits. Another significant problem in the ECA is nitrate (NO3 -) pollution. The nitrate concentrations in the August 2020 samples ranged from 2.17 to 131.51 mg/L, with 15 samples exceeding the limit value (50 mg/L). Some samples also exceeded the WHO-established limit values for trace element concentrations (Al, Fe and Ni). When assessing the groundwater in the study area for agricultural irrigation water quality, it was determined that waters in areas with active seawater intrusion were not suitable for irrigation purposes. The study area and its vicinity have been witnessing the opening of new agricultural areas on a daily basis. This situation further exacerbates the pressure on the declining water resources in the ECA. As a result, the implementation of sustainable integrated water management in ECA is urgently needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the impact of pollutants that pose a threat to aquatic ecosystems in Uluabat Lake, a RAMSAR area, a number of physicochemical variables, heavy metals, and toxic elements were evaluated in water samples collected from five stations in the summer of 2017, fall 2018, spring 2019 and winter 2020. According to the results of the Explanatory Factor Analysis, it was determined that mining activities in the Uluabat Lake basin and the geological structure of the basin are the most important factors affecting the water quality of the lake. Some of the heavy metals and toxic elements such as Al, As, B, Fe, and Mn explained the 30.54% of the total variance and created a positive factor load on the first axis. In the third and fourth factor loadings, the effects of eutrophication and nutrient loadings in water quality of the lake were determined. The total variance of the four factor loadings was determined as 85.47%. According to the results of the Kruskal-Wallis analysis, 19 out of 31 physicochemical variables differed by years, while only PO4-P showed significant differences by stations. Cluster analysis significantly explained the differences of all physicochemical variables for both by stations and years. According to this analysis, the most polluted site in Uluabat Lake was determined as Akçalar region and the most different season was winter. According to the Regulation on Surface Water Quality, Al, As, B, and Fe were found to be above the maximum environmental quality standards. According to irrigation water criteria, B was found to be above the maximum permissible concentration. When the lake water was evaluated according to Carlson Trophic State Index, it was found to be hyper-eutrophic in accordance with the total amounts of nitrogen and phosphorus and eutrophic in accordance with the concentrations of chlorophyll-a. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turkish Journal of Remote Sensing / Türkiye Uzaktan Algılama Dergisi is the property of Turkish Journal of Remote Sensing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of SDU Journal of Engineering Sciences & Design / Mühendislik Bilimleri ve Tasarım Dergisi is the property of Journal of Engineering Sciences & Design and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Water is one of the most important natural resources needed by all living things on earth. The quality of water, which is of such great importance, may deteriorate in parallel with industrialization and population growth. Climate and land use are two important factors affecting water quality. Especially in regions with arid and semi-arid climates, the control of land use and water quality is even more important than in other regions. In this study, the effects of different land uses (forest, recreation and agriculture) on some water quality parameters were investigated along a precipitation basin in Eskişehir, which has semi-arid climate characteristics. In the study, it was determined that the use of agriculture significantly increased the calcium (Ca+2), magnesium (Mg+2), sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), chloride (Cl-), sulphate (SO4-2) and electrical conductivity (EC) values in the waters of the Çöppınarı watershed compared to the use for forest and recreation purposes. Therefore, more care should be taken in the use of fertilizers in agricultural areas. Necessary measures should be taken by making water quality measurements in certain periods in streams where such lands are dense.

Source of this study, between the villages of Sivas Province in the snow with Hafik District Düzyayla Sakar Mountain, which, Düzyayla, Bayıraltı and Düğer village, a few hamlet Horohon meets the needs of the water is to determine the characteristics of stream water quality. This study was being carried since November 2011 and so on Samples that used for water quality parameters analysis were collected once in a month. Water quality parameters, dissolved oxygen (DO), salinity, pH, temperature and electrical conductivity (E.C) was measured directly in the field with the help of devices. Other water parameters as suspended solids (SS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total alkalinity, total hardness, total ammonia nitrogen, nitrite, nitrate, ammonia, phosphate, sulfate, sulfite, free chlorine, sodium, magnesium, calcium, lead, copper and cadmium are analyzed. In this study conducted for Horohon (Hafik-Sivas) water quality of the stream is followed by water quality methods during a year. Furthermore, the present state of water quality was found to be suitable for trout farming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is known that human-induced damaging factors on the quality and quantity of water produced by river watersheds cause some negative consequences (pollution, changes in water regime, decreases in flow rate, etc.). Murgul Creek consists of such factors as well, including open pit mining works, multiple run-of-river hydroelectric power plants (RoR-HEPP), new road constructions and expansion of residential areas within its borders. From this point of view, in this research, the aim was to reveal scientific data -both temporal and spatial- on the status of water quality, flow regime and the amount of suspended particles in Murgul Creek caused by these activities. For this purpose, water temperature, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), salinity, total dissolved matter (TDM), dissolved oxygen (DO), nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N) and ammonium nitrogen (NH4-N) parameters were measured monthly for one year at 12 sampling points along the Murgul Creek. In addition, besides determining the amount of suspended solid particles (SSP) and monthly flow rates, analyses were made for arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) in water samples for a possible heavy metal pollution caused by mining activities. When the results were evaluated, the values of conductivity (438.82 μS/cm), salinity (0.30 mg/L), TDM (400.25 mg/L), NH4-N (0.19 mg/L) NO3-N (5.20 mg/L) and SSP (143.69 mg/L) in water samples close to the mining activities were found to be statistically higher compared to sampling points near the natural and residential areas. In addition, it was determined that Cu (5669 µg/L), Fe (4647 µg/L), Pb (43 µg/L) and Zn (2837 µg/L) values measured in the creek water were statistically the highest at the M5 measurement point at the exit of the mining site.

Bu çalışmada Karpuz Çayı (Antalya)’nın fizikokimyasal özellikleri incelenmiş ve su kalitesi sınıfları belirlenmiştir. Aralık 2012-Eylül 2013 tarihleri arasında akarsu boyunca on istasyon seçilmiş ve su örnekleri mevsimlik olarak alınıp analiz edilmiştir. Alınan örneklerde nitrat azotu, nitrit azotu, amonyum azotu, biyokimyasal oksijen ihtiyacı, klorür iyonu, orto-fosfat fosforu ölçümleri yapılmıştır. pH, çözünmüş oksijen, su sıcaklığı, elektriksel iletkenlik değerleri ise arazi çalışmaları sırasında multiparametre cihazı ile belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen değerler istatistiki olarak değerlendirildiğinde, yalnızca sıcaklık ve çözünmüş oksijen bakımından mevsimsel açıdan anlamlı farklılıklar gözlenmiştir (p

Copyright of Duzce University Journal of Science & Technology is the property of Duzce University Journal of Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of SDU Journal of Engineering Sciences & Design / Mühendislik Bilimleri ve Tasarım Dergisi is the property of Journal of Engineering Sciences & Design and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study was carried out over the experimental fields of Ankara University, Faculty of Agriculture Gümüşdere Campus. Experiments were conducted with 3 different irrigation water salinity levels (S1=0.25 dS/m – control/tap water, S2=1.5 dS/m, S3=3.0 dS/m) and 4 different leaching ratios (LF1=10%, LF2 =20%, LF3 = 35%, LF4=50%) in randomized plots factorial experimental design with 3 replications. Totally, 36 (3×4×3) lysimeters were used in present experiments. Plant height, fresh and dry herbage yield and total ash content of alfalfa plants were analyzed. With increasing salinity levels, plant height, fresh and dry herbage yields decreased and total ash contents increased. Positive effects of leaching applications were observed, but this effect was not found to be significant. The main reason for this situation may be the necessity of a good drainage system for a good leaching application.

Climate change, globalization, and excessive and unconscious use of the rapidly increasing population threaten water resources in terms of quantity and quality and complicate water resources management. Water resources management requires measuring and understanding water-related decisions' economic, social and environmental impact. The managers recognized the importance of high-quality information, which will assist the decision-making process in effective water management through policies and reforms. It has been observed that other stakeholders using water also demand this information. In the face of such a demand, it has become essential to measure, record and report information about this valuable resource in a relevant, understandable, comparable and consistent manner. Various systems have been developed internationally to provide the systematic presentation of water information through reports. These systems have been gathered under the name of 'water accounting.' Water accounting is a tool for accountability in water management. The aim of this study; To define the concept of water accounting, explain the prominent water accounting systems in the literature, and touch on the current situation of water accounting in Turkey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ege Journal of Fisheries & Aquatic Sciences (EgeJFAS) / Su Ürünleri Dergisi is the property of Ege Journal of Fisheries & Aquatic Sciences (EgeJFAS) / Su Urunleri Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Firat Universitesi Saglik Bilimleri Veteriner Dergisi is the property of Firat Universitesiu, Saglik Bilimleri Enstitusu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A research was carried out to assess the suitability of surface water for irrigation purposes. For this reason, 56 samples of surface water were collected from each union of Dinajpur sadar upazilla, Dinajpur. The analysis was included pH, EC, TDS, Ca, Mg, S, P, Na, K, Cl- and HCO3- to evaluate the suitability of surface water for irrigation purposes. Almost all the water samples were within the recommended pH value for irrigation and a great impact on crop production. With respect to electrical conductivity (EC) samples were low to medium salinity. For total dissolved solids (TDS), all samples were considered as freshwater for irrigation. On the basis of Ca, Mg, S, P, Na, K, Cl- and HCO3- all samples could safely be used for irrigation and would not affect the soils.

Copyright of Review of Hydrobiology is the property of NK Yayincilik Egitim Hizmetleri and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Dokuz Eylul University Muhendislik Faculty of Engineering Journal of Science & Engineering / Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Fen ve Mühendislik Dergisi is the property of Dokuz Eylul Universitesi Muhendislik Fakultesi Fen ve Muhendislik Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of SDU Journal of Engineering Sciences & Design / Mühendislik Bilimleri ve Tasarım Dergisi is the property of Journal of Engineering Sciences & Design and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Ege Universitesi, Ziraat Fakultesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Well waters were collected from 10 different points in rural areas of Bursa city. The aver age heavy metal doses in samples were found as (µg/L); Cu (183.40) > Fe (86.29) > Al (55.75) > Mn (20.2) > Cr (7.33) > Cd (5) > Ni (2.54) > As (2.23) > Se (1.99) > Pb (1.55) > Hg (1) > Sb (0.70) > B (0.0002). Since the WQI values of all samples are < 50, the water qualities were defined as "perfect" according to WHO (2011). Since the HPI values are < 100, heavy metal levels do not cause negative effects in terms of health. Since the HEI values are < 10, the results show that there is no significant pollution at the sources. The MCL values of all waters are below 0.01 mg/L according to EPA (2018) thus, they do not contain carcinogenic risks for humans and animals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study area is located of Şiran District Center in the southwest of Gümüşhane (NE Turkey). In this study, hydrogeochemical characteristics of water resources in district center were examined and metal element contents were determined. In the study area, the basement rocks are represented by Eocene Kelkit formation, which is composed of sandstone, claystone, marl, shale and tuff, and this unit is covered unconformably by the Quaternary aged alluvium. These units form granular porous unconfined aquifers according to the hydrogeological features. The pH, specific conductance (SC) and hardness (Fr°) values of the water resources in the study area varied between 5.41-7.48, 106.9-141.3 μS/cm and 4.72-6.78 (n= 18), respectively. According to the classification of Intra-Continental Water Resources, these data show that the samples are mostly class-I and II, rarely class-III water quality characteristics. The water resources in the study area are generally classified as Ca-Mg-HCO3 type carbonated (Ca+Mg>Na+K), and generally their weak acids are more than strong acids (HCO3>SO4+Cl). In the study area, (Ca+Mg)/(SO4+HCO3) ratios indicated the effect of silicate weathering in the waters, and the Cl/(Cl+HCO3) and (Na+K)/(Na+K+Ca) ratios show that the chemistry of waters is controlled by the chemical weathering of rock-forming minerals, hence, reflect the water-rock interaction. Except for a few, the concentration of dissolved potentially toxic elements in the water samples were distributed within acceptable limits. Consequently, the hydrogeochemical results showed that the water resources in the study area were in the category of good class waters in terms of drinking water.

The amount of dissolved oxygen (DO) in the river is a major parameter that indicates the quality of the water and the survival of aquatic organisms. Short contact of hydraulic structures with rivers has significant effects on dissolved oxygen content. The cascades and venturies are important hydraulic structures used in the aeration of water. In venturi systems, negative pressure occurs in the throat section by means of the sudden increase of the velocity of the water in the narrowing section. The air enters into the system because of this low pressure caused by the velocity changes. The amount of air entering in the system varies depending on the ratio between the venturi inlet and throat sections. In this study, circular venturi diameters of 36, 42 and 54 mm having different hole configuration were used. The diameter of throat regions was determined as 0.5 and 0.75 times the diameter of the venturi and the length of the throat region was equal to and 2 times the diameter of the throat region. On the venturi, 3 pairs of holes were drilled 6 mm in diameter with a distance of 0.75 times the length of the throat region starting from the midpoint of the throat region. The installation of the venturi with the system carried out and the effects on the dissolved oxygen concentration in the water were investigated. The results obtained from the experiments were compared and interpreted with graphs. In the study, it was observed that while venturi diameters increased, DO values decreased. In addition, it was observed that the increase in the length of the venturi throat region also increased the DO values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Sücüllü Dam Lake, located in the Middle Mediterranean (Antalya) basin within the borders of the Yalvaç district of Isparta province. It was built in 1973 for irrigation and flood control purposes, later carp was introduced and it was used to rainbow trout cage farming. This study was carried out between May 2017 and April 2018 for determining the trophic status of Sücüllü Dam Lake. Sampling points were determined considering the hydrological conditions, morphology, and use of the Sücüllü Dam Lake. Dissolved oxygen, total phosphorus, Secchi disc depth, chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) measurements, and analyzes were performed in monthly intervals. In the Sücüllü Dam, Lake dissolved oxygen 9.29±0.44 mg/L, Secchi disc depth 1.16±0.09 m, Chl-a 1.85±0.52 μg/L, and total phosphorus 41,14±21,5 μg/L were determined in averages. The parameters varied between sampling stations and months. Sücüllü Dam Lake's water shows a eutrophic character in terms of total phosphorus and Secchi disc depth while oligotrophic in terms of Chl-a and dissolved oxygen according to the Turkish Regulation of Surface Water Quality Management trophic status index. According to the Carlson Trophic State index, while Chl-a TSI was oligotrophic, Secchi disc depth, total phosphorus, and mean TSI were determined as eutrophic. Possibly surface water that comes from settlement and agricultural areas, and cage fish farming has been affecting the Sücüllü Dam Lake's trophic state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Balkan & Near Eastern Journal of Social Sciences (BNEJSS) is the property of Balkan & Near Eastern Journal of Social Sciences (BNEJSS) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this study, Alaşehir River Sub-basin was selected as a pilot area considering its population, developing industry and agricultural activities, and it was aimed to examine the effect of pollution from point and diffuse sources on surface water quality. Urban and industrial wastewaters coming to the receiving environment were considered as point source pollutants while fertilizer use, livestock activities, land use, solid waste leachate, septic tank use and atmospheric convection were considered as diffuse source pollutants. A rough and easily applicable methodology was presented for calculating nitrogen (total nitrogen, TN) and phosphorus (total phosphorus, TP) loads from these sources. For determining the impact of these pollution sources on surface water quality, main streams of the basin were monitored for four periods in 2015-2016. The obtained results were evaluated over the conventional parameters in Table 2 of Annex 5 of the Surface Water Quality Regulation (10.08.2016, RG: 29797). In the light of the results, a significant part of the total TN and TP load (79% of TN, 61% of TP) occurred in the basin came from activities with diffuse sources. The major sources of diffuse pollution were fertilizer use (37% of TN, 48% of TP) and livestock activities (34% of TN, 41% of TP). Point source pollution was mostly caused by urban wastewater discharges (93% of TN, 95% of TP and 83% of COD). The surface water quality was generally defined as highly polluted (Class IV) and polluted (Class III). In the presence of organic parameters, point source pollutants were found as responsible for pollution. The water quality of the streams passing through the areas with point and diffuse pollutant sources deteriorated significantly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ege Journal of Fisheries & Aquatic Sciences (EgeJFAS) / Su Ürünleri Dergisi is the property of Ege Journal of Fisheries & Aquatic Sciences (EgeJFAS) / Su Urunleri Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Agriculture & Nature / Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım & Doğa Dergisi is the property of Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam Universitesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Mustafa Kemal University Journal of Agricultural Sciences / Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Mustafa Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ege Journal of Fisheries & Aquatic Sciences (EgeJFAS) / Su Ürünleri Dergisi is the property of Ege Journal of Fisheries & Aquatic Sciences (EgeJFAS) / Su Urunleri Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Duzce University Journal of Science & Technology is the property of Duzce University Journal of Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ekonomik Yaklaşim is the property of Ekonomik Yaklasim Dernegi (Ekonomik Yaklasim Association) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Ege Universitesi, Ziraat Fakultesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Lower Sakarya Sub-Basin is under the influence of the industrial activities and the wastewater from settlements, agricultural and urban run-off and the geological formations it has undergone since the birth of the Sakarya River. In spite of the effect of all these pollutant loads, it is also used for agricultural irrigation purposes. Therefore, the importance of sustainable use of this water resource for drinking and industrial use as well as for agricultural purposes is increasing. For this purpose, Lower Sakarya River quality of irrigation water for agricultural purposes has been determined. Different physical-chemical properties of water quality data belonging to 3 stations operated by State Hydraulic Works (DSI) on Sakarya River were evaluated in terms of national and international water quality standards. On the basis of these standards, irrigation water quality was interpreted by using evaluation criteria such as Electrical conductivity (EC), and Total Hardness (TH) values, Schoeller Diagram, Sodium Adsorption Rate (SAR), Sodium percentage (% Na), Magnesium Ratio (MR), Potential Salinity (PS) and Kelley index (KI).

Today, the consumption of water is increasing day by day due to population. This increase of demand for water leads to an uncontrolled use of water supplies. Generally, in underdeveloped and developing countries, wastewater is discharged directly to receiving environments without treatment. This situation causes a decrease in the quality of these water supplies and restricts the benefits of streams. In this paper, we present the first extensive study on the quality of water of Kozlu Creek in Zonguldak. To determine the quality of the stream’s water, we have collected water samples from 6 different locations on the creek, on two separate dates in June and December of 2017. These samples have been tested to determine their levels of Chemical Oxygen Demand, Biological Oxygen Demand, Total Suspended Solids, pH, Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen, phosphorus, conductivity, oil and grease content. We used Geographical Information Systems to create thematic maps that demonstrate the level of pollution of water in terms of Chemical Oxygen Demand and Total Suspended Solids parameters. As a result of the analyzes, it was found that the water quality in Kozlu Creek was in the 4th class according to the Regulation on Surface Water Quality.

The object of this study is to determine the surface water quality of the Bozçay, which provides approximately 63% of the annual flow rate, and to evaluate it in terms of environmental pressures. Surface water quality was assessed in terms of physico-chemical and biological parameters and evaluated within the framework of the applicable regulations and standards. Three stations in the Bozçay were selected for this purpose and monitored during the period from April 2014 to December 2014. The monitoring results of the study have been evaluated over the conventional parameters in Table 2 of Annex 5 of the Surface Water Quality Regulation (10.08.2016, OG: 29797). pH, temperature (T), electrical conductivity (EC), dissolved oxygen (DO), nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N), total nitrogen (TN), phosphate phosphorus (PO4-P), total phosphorus (TP), total organic carbon (TOC), dissolved matter (DM) and suspended solids (SS) parameters were analyzed. According to the results at IST-I, water quality was determined as III. class in terms of DO and TP parameters, at IST-II and IST-III water quality was determined as II.class in terms of conductivity. The results of the parameters were correlated with the results of the biological monitoring at stations, and the BMWP index showed that the water quality was moderate and/or heavily polluted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Ege Universitesi, Ziraat Fakultesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of SDU Journal of Engineering Sciences & Design / Mühendislik Bilimleri ve Tasarım Dergisi is the property of Journal of Engineering Sciences & Design and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Dicle University Journal of Engineering / Dicle Üniversitesi Mühendislik Dergisi is the property of Dicle Universitesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)