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Introduction: While neonatal thromboembolism is uncommon, it is frequently seen in newborn infants with central catheters who are monitored in the neonatal intensive care unit. There is several case reports on rare thromboembolic events that occur during the intrauterine period. Case Report: Our patient was a term twin infant who was diagnosed with intrauterine onset right ulnar artery thromboembolism shortly after birth. The baby was given low molecular weight heparin treatment, but limb-sparing amputation was required during follow-up. The analysis of thrombophilic genetic mutations of the infant revealed heterozygous MHTFR677C> T and FII20210G> A mutations. Conclusion: On the basis of heterozygous mutations, twin pregnancy has been assessed as a significant risk factor. We believe that the case presented with the literature will help clinicians gain more experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: The radial artery is widely used in coronary bypass surgery. In these patients, forearm and hand circulation is provided by the ulnar artery. This study aimed to investigate post-operative changes in flow and diameter in brachial and ulnar arteries in patients undergoing coronary bypass surgery in which the radial artery is used as graft. METHODS: Between September 2007 and September 2008, 20 patients (16 men, 4 women; mean age 57.8 years; range 44 to 70 years) underwent elective coronary bypass surgery at our clinic. The radial artery was used as graft in all cases. Pre-operatively, adequacy of the ulnar artery for forearm circulation was investigated by Allen test and duplex ultrasonography. Basal flow and diameter values of the brachial and ulnar arteries were measured. Control duplex ultrasound measurements were performed at three months post-operatively. Flow and diameter changes in the brachial and ulnar arteries were recorded. RESULTS: Significant increase was shown in ulnar artery flow and diameter values in post-operative measurements. A significant increase was observed in brachial artery diameter, accompanied by a relative decrease in flow value. There were no mortality or ischemic complications in our study. Transient paresthesia as a neurological complication was observed in 4 patients. CONCLUSION: Radial artery use for coronary bypass surgery leads to significant changes in ulnar and brachial arteries. All flow and diameter changes can be detected by color Doppler ultrasonography in the early stages. These adaptation mechanisms show that the radial artery can be safely harvested as graft material.

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Objective: The aim of the study is to detect the musculoskeletal diseases of the wrist depending on rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by ultrasound and to determine changes in arterial Doppler blood flow patterns in patients with RA. Materials and Methods: 35 patients (70 wrists) with a diagnosis of RA according to the American College of Rheumatology criteria and a control group of 20 healthy volunteers (40 wrists) were enrolled in the study. The median nerve cross-sectional area (MSA), anteroposterior (AP), and transverse diameters at the levels of carpal tunnel entrance [proximal (p)] and wrist bend [distal (d)] were measured. The flexor retinaculum thickness was evaluated at the level of carpal tunnel entrance. In the color Doppler ultrasound examination, radial and ulnar arteries were evaluated with high resolution 12 MHz transducer (Logic 7) while both hands were in a neutral position. Results: In comparison between the groups, AP-p and AP-d diameters were significantly smaller in the RA group than in the control group (p<0.05). The radial artery flow velocity and peak systolic velocity were significantly decreased in the RA group (p<0.05). There was no significant difference between the groups in other B-mode and Doppler ultrasonography measurements (p>0.05). Conclusion: RA patients with moderate disease activity and without clinical signs and symptoms of CTS have similar MSA results compared to healthy controls. The vasomotor function disorder depending on the chronic inflammation in median nerve may explain the reduction of radial blood flow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During our routine dissection studies we observed arterial and muscular variations in the left upper limb of an adult male cadaver. In this case we observed the superficial radial artery, the superficial palmar arch was formed by the ulnar artery along, the palmaris longus muscle was absent and the extensor digiti minimi muscle had got three tendons. Variations in the same area may be observed in different structures as the variations are embryological origin. For this reason, when a variation is detected in anatomic and clinical studies, it should be kept in mind that differences may be observed in the other structures in the same area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During routine dissection of a 60- 65 years old Caucasian, male cadaver, we found that the ulnar artery is coursing superficially on both forearms. These superficial ulnar arteries (SUA) were originating 2 cm above from termination of the brachial arteries and were running superficially to the flexor muscles in forearm. The brachial artery was terminated in the cubital fossa and divided as radial, common interosseal and recurrent radial arteries. Variations of arteries, muscles and nerves of the upper limb are well documented. Variations of the radial artery is most frequent arterial anomaly of the forearm (15,6%), whereas the prevalence of the superficial ulnar artery is less frequent and given as the percentage of 0.7-9.4. Furthermore, its bilateral prevalence is very rare (0.01-0.62%). If it is present, the superficial ulnar artery is vulnerable to traumas which may be a cause of hemorrhage and it may be risk for misguided intra-arterial injections that may be a cause of ischemia, even non-reversible necrosis and gangrene in the distal portion of the forearm. Additionally, SUA may be valuable for arterial cannulations and harvesting fasciocutaneous forearm flaps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]