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Copyright of Folklor / Edebiyat is the property of Cyprus International University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The copula is a linguistic unit that means bond, conjunction, relation, connector of the predicate to the subject in a proposition, and in logic expresssing judgement. In most Indo-European languages the main copula is a verb meaning to be such as to be in English or être in French. In ancient Greek, the language of Aristotle, the word είναι (einai), is the infinitive of the verb εἰμί (eimi), which has the third person singular ἐστί (esti) and is -dir in Turkish. Originally from what is now Kazakhstan, al-Fārābī drew on the work of Aristotle in his own work on logic, which he wrote in Arabic in accordance with the scientific understanding of the period. Although the Arabic, which belongs to the Semitic family of languages, is perfectly capable of combining words, it lacks an explicit copula. However, it was necessary to create one in order to translate Aristotle accurately, so earlier Arabic translators of his work had already proposed the terms ھو (huwa) or الموجو د (mawjūd) which were used in the form of یوجد (yūjad), both derived from الوجو د (wujūd), meaning "being, existing", for an explicit copula. Similarly influenced by Aristotle to feel that to use of copula is necessary for the exposition of logic, there is a need for a use of a copula, al-Fārābī is clearly drawn to yūjad. What brings him to this position is his mutliligualism and his ethnicity. For in addition to his native Turkish language and the Arabic, his knowledge of the Indo-European languages of Sogdian and Fārsī gives him with an understanding of a verb meaning to be that is بودن (būdan) in Fārsī and which is cognate with Aristotle's είναι (einai). The same sense is carried in Turkic languages, not through a verb as such, but rather through a predicate adjective, which in modern Turkish is var, but which also carries a meaning of to be present. With al-Fārābī's ethnic Turkic background, as it is the similarities between "yujad" and the Turkic term "var" that make it so attractive to him. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Humanitas: International Journal of Social Sciences / Uluslararasi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi is the property of Humanitas: International Journal of Social Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Mersin University Journal of Linguistics & Literature / Mersin Üniversitesi Dil ve Edebiyat Dergisi is the property of Mersin University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Studies on Turkish Language & Literature in the Balkans is the property of Studies on Turkish Language & Literature in the Balkans and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi is the property of University of Cumhuriyet, Faculty of Sciences & Arts and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Historical Turkic texts, starting from Orkhon Turkic and progressing on the basis of Eastern and Western Turkic until the 20th century, contain daily vocabulary on many conceptual areas, especially religious teachings. Turkic languages developed as a result of cultural and religious changes and have been represented for centuries by literatures under the influence of Manichaeism, Buddhism and Islam. The present study consists of evaluations of the verb alar- and its derivatives, which mean “to dazzle, to blush, to catch leprosy” in Eastern and Western Turkic. The verb alar-, which was first witnessed in Old Uyghur Turkic, is a cognitive verb that has taken place in the minds and literary languages of the people who speak the Turkic language from the 10th century to the present day. Alar- is a word related to the conceptual field of “seeing/looking” and has been seen in new words during historical periods by taking various morphemes in line with the derivational power of the Turkic language. In this respect, the study first traces alar- and its derivatives in historical texts, processes examples of the relevant phrase in terms of language, and reveals the appearance of the verb alar- and its derivatives on the basis of both etymology and linguistics. In addition, the study show the verb alar- to have experienced contamination in both Eastern and Western Turkic due to the influence of the verb alart-, and instead of having two different meanings in a single article, it became represented by homophonic structures. Here the study attempts to determine the boundaries of the conceptual area of the verb alar- by taking into account the meanings of the word during both historical and modern periods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although compilations of the Turkic language of Khalaj had been made before Doerfer, Doerfer was the first to determine the importance of this language, after which he sent his students to Iran in 1968 to do fieldwork. Thus, a comprehensive study of Khalaj was carried out during this period. The collected materials were examined in Doerfer’s book Khalaj Materials in 1971. The book’s third chapter contains materials from the dialects of Talxab, Mansurabad, and Xaltabad. These materials are given in word lists. The longest most comprehensive list contains 319 words compiled from Talxab village. The Mansurabad and Xaltabad word lists have 111 words in common with the Talxab list. This study was carried out to determine the changes in the vocabulary of Khalaj as published by Doerfer. In order to achieve this aim, the Persian words in the Talxab list in the fifth chapter of Khalaj Materials were presented to people native to the specific areas, who were then asked for their Khalaj equivalents. Due to the lists in Khalaj Materials being the first comprehensive study compiled on the Turkic language of Khalaj, this book was chosen as the primary source in this research. In addition, the words are even more important, as they were compiled by a team of Turcologists. Thus, the similarities and differences were revealed by comparing the words compiled from the Xarrab (currently Baharistan) region in January 2022 with those the Doerfer team had compiled in 1968. The results reveal how much the Khalaj Turkish vocabulary has changed under the influence of other languages over half a century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Words whose meaning has expanded or narrowed or whose original meaning has changed are phenomena characteristic of language. Words can have several meanings in Turkic languages, including Kazakh. A certain word may quite possibly have a figurative meaning in dialects or examples from oral literature. One example of this is the literary word täte, which is used in dialects in the derivative (as well as original) sense of the word. The word täte in literary language is used to refer to older female relatives. Its opposite meaning (i.e., father or uncle) is used in relation to men and has a dialectical character. Nevertheless, writers from southern regions of Kazakhstan continue to use this word’s dialectal meaning. In addition, such usage is observed in earlier works. For example, in a letter to Abai’s brother, Khaliolla, Abai used the word täte with the meaning of father. This article examines the reasons and bases for the uses of the word täte in the Kazakh language when addressing a man and analyzes the word’s scope and origin. The article also examines the meanings of other Kazakh kinship honorifics such as äje, äke, and apa, which have undergone more semantic changes compared to in other Turkic languages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turkbilig/Turkoloji Arastirmalari Dergisi is the property of Turkbilig/Turkoloji Arastirmalari Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Turkbilig/Turkoloji Arastirmalari Dergisi is the property of Turkbilig/Turkoloji Arastirmalari Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of BABUR is the property of BABUR and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Dil Araştırmaları is the property of Journal of Dil Arastirmalari and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Turkbilig/Turkoloji Arastirmalari Dergisi is the property of Turkbilig/Turkoloji Arastirmalari Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Turkbilig/Turkoloji Arastirmalari Dergisi is the property of Turkbilig/Turkoloji Arastirmalari Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Turkbilig/Turkoloji Arastirmalari Dergisi is the property of Turkbilig/Turkoloji Arastirmalari Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In history, the expeditions and migrations from Asia to Europe opened the door of new geographies to the Turks and made Turkish a world language. Our ancestors, who went to Europe with wars and conquests for many years, established a new civilization in the places they went. One of these areas of civilization is the Balkans. Before the Ottoman Empire conquered and dominated the region, the Avars, Uzs, Pechenegs and Cuman Turks came to the region. For this reason, it was earlier for the region to meet the Turks and the Turkish language. The domination of the Ottoman Empire in the region for up to five centuries made Turkish the language of culture in the Balkans. Today, Turkish culture and Turkish language still maintain their vitality in the Balkans. A large number of words have been transferred from Turkish to Balkan languages. Serbian is one of the languages in which Turkish gives the most words with approximately 7500-8000 words. Today, there are many Turkish words in Macedonian. In this study, Turkisms used in spoken language in the city of Shtip (Štip), which is located within the borders of today's North Macedonia from the states under the administration of the Former Yugoslav Republic, will be classified according to their areas of use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is no exact information about the number of languages that exist today. Studies show that there are nearly ten thousand languages in the world. Recent research, based on more specific data, shows that there are about 7,000 living languages in the world. It should also be noted that there is an uneven distribution between the number of languages and the number of speakers. Today, a number of measures are taken to protect the languages and national identities of Turkic peoples living in different communities. Today, Turks live as a community in Russia, Iran, China, Bulgaria, Germany, Moldova, Georgia, Hungary and other countries. The policy towards the languages of the Turks in the mentioned countries is not at all satisfactory. The fact that the laws of the Russian Federation, the People's Republic of China and the Islamic Republic of Iran do not guarantee the protection of the languages of the minority Turkic peoples by the state makes it difficult for the Turkic peoples living in these countries. Today, the isolation policy towards Turkic communities is carried out for specific political purposes in countries where a small number of Turkic people live predominantly. In this article, we will try to talk about the language policy applied against Turks in Georgia, one of the countries where Turks live the most. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of College of Languages is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The fact that Macedonian Turks living in a multilingual geography experience a different process from standard Turkish and Anatolian dialects is an event that can be explained by language interaction. Since the late 19th century in Macedonia, the Turkish language, which transitioned from a dominant language to a dominated language, has become susceptible to the influence of Macedonian and Albanian. This influence, which works against Turkish, has brought the Macedonian Turkish dialect closer to the Balkan languages, which belong to the Indo-European language family, and distanced it from Turkish in Turkey. In this study, based on examples obtained by scanning certain issues of the "Sevinç" magazine, which was published in Macedonia, some sentence types resulting from language interaction are discussed. The distinctive aspects of these sentences, which differ from similar structures in Turkish in Turkey, are emphasized, and alternative sentence types used in their functional context are examined. In the identified sentence examples from the scanned texts, it is observed that noun-relative clauses, constructed with the imperative-mood and borrowed from the Indo-European languages, are used instead of nominal verbal sentences used in Standard Turkish. It is also noted that the phrase "ne zaman" takes on the function of certain adjectival verbs, and in direct speech constructions requiring the conjunction "ki" and the adverbial verb "diye" they are not used. Furthermore, it is evident that formations contradicting the sentence structure of Turkish are employed. The identification of different structures resulting from language interaction in the spoken and written language of Turks living in Macedonia is crucial in terms of understanding their causes, demonstrating their correct forms, and preventing deterioration and alienation in our language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Turkic languages are critical in studies on evidentiality, since it is one of the language groups that have grammatical markers to indicate the source of information as the basis of a proposition. In this conceptual framework, -mIš, seen since Old Turkic, is considered as an aspect-tense marker or evidential, and er-miš as an evidential. The particle e(r)mish, which has been grammaticalized in most Turkic languages, is used for hearsay in Uzbek and then it was lexicalized as mish-mish(lar) by reduplication in the semantic domain of hearsay under evidentiality. The lexicalized morpheme is defined with the synonyms of 'rumor' as a lexical entry. Similar uses are found in other Turkic languages such as Kyrgyz, Kazakh and the Cypriot dialect of Turkish. The evolution of these items in four languages shows that grammatical markers of hearsay tend to lead to lexicalization. In this study, the lexicalization of the grammatical evidential is discussed in terms of the hearsay under evidentiality in Uzbek. The study aims to present data about lexicalized structures in Turkic languages, to explain the importance of evidentiality in communication and the role of the semantic domain in this process. Qualitative and quantitative research methods were used in the analysis. The findings indicate that mish-mish(lar) evolved from a bound-morpheme to a free-morpheme by reduplication over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Dil Araştırmaları is the property of Journal of Dil Arastirmalari and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the literature, verbs have been classified in various ways according to some morphological, syntactic and semantic features. Mental verbs are a classification of verbs that combine around thought, such as perception, reason, emotion, and will, according to the semantic features of the verbs. Perception verbs are a subtype of mental verbs. The basis of perception is the physical stimulation of the sense organs. For this reason, the verbs of perception have been examined in the literature as seeing, hearing, smelling, tasting and touching according to the five basic sense organs. Visual perception verbs are the most used perception verbs. For this reason, the number of visual perception verbs and the variety of meanings are higher. Various opinions have been put forward on the polysemy of the verbs of perception. The most prominent view is the emergence of connotations related to the basic meaning through the different features of the visual perception verbs in their basic meanings based on physical perception. Apart from this, many explanations such as morphology, metaphorization, syntactic environment, frequency of use have been made for the formation of polysemy. In this study, visual perception verbs in Tuvan, one of the Southern Siberian Turkic languages, are discussed in terms of polysemy. In this context, the verbs kör-, bakıla- and karakta- were determined from Tuvan dictionaries and the meaning diversity of these verbs has been revealed thanks to the classification of visual perception verbs accepted in the literature and the meanings encountered in Tuvan texts. Thus, it has been seen in which meanings Tuvan visual perception verbs can be used in context together with their primary meanings in dictionaries. Thus, it has been seen in which meanings Tuvan visual perception verbs can be used in context together with their primary meanings in dictionaries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Uyghurs, who had to migrate to different regions after the collapse of the Uyghur Khaganate of Ötüken established in Ötüken, established the Turfan Uyghur State in Koço, Beş Balık and Turfan regions. With a peaceful policy, the Uyghurs living in this region became the most advanced Turkish society of that period in the fields of agriculture, trade, literature, education, law, etc. and left many documents called "civil documents" in the literature. Among these documents, the Old Uyghur Law Documents are important documents that reflect the cultural characteristics of that period and serve as a source for the study of the Old Turkic language. Especially due to the adoption of new religions, trade relations and migrations, there are many concepts in Old Uyghur Turkic that were created and signed by applying the morphological method, the syntactic method or the borrowing method to sign new terms. Considering that the signification of term formed by syntactic method is less considered in many studies, this study examines the situation of compound verbs formed with noun + (auxiliary) verb, which is one of the meaningful language elements, in the Old Uyghur Law Documents written in Old Uyghur Turkic. In the study, document analysis method is applied and compound verbs formed with noun + (auxiliary) verb are presented to the attention with examples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of International Journal of Language Academy is the property of Rota Kariyer and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Language & Literature Studies is the property of Turkiye Dil ve Edebiyat Dernegi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Phonetics (phonics); It is one of the sub-branches of linguistics that examines the vocal organs, the structure of the sounds, the place and form of the sound. With phonetics, the states of the sounds according to their origins and forms are divided into certain schemes, strings and symbols, and their place in the language is determined. With phonology, the changes that these defined sounds go through and the sound rules that emerge as a result of these changes are examined. Most of the changes that occur are caused by the convergence of sounds according to the place of origin or the way of their output, according to the law of least effort in the language. Sound changes in Turkic languages have commonalities with few exceptions. However, the t>k, d>g change that occurs before /i/ in the Halich-Lutsk dialect of Karaite Turkish is distinctive among other Turkish dialects. This kind of sound change is also found in Austronesian languages in world languages. The opposite situation of this sound change in the direction of k>t, g>d is found in the language of Urum Turks who have Oghuz-Kipchak language features. In this study, t>k, d>g / k>t, g>d sound changes were examined in two main groups. In the first part, the change in the Halich-Lutsk dialect is presented in the table in comparison with Turkey Turkish and other Karay dialects: til-kil (language), tiyermen-kiyirmen (mill), tilek-kilek (wish), tivil-givil (not), kindiz-kingiz (daytime) etc. This type of sound feature can be found in the Austronesian language family such as Hawaiian, Somoan, Javanese, etc. Since it is also seen in other languages, examples from these languages are also included in the first part of the study. The second part of the article consists of the comparative analysis of Urum Turkish samples, in which the k>t, g>d change reflecting the opposite feature of this change is observed: t’eçe (gece/night), t’elin (gelin/bride), d’ibik (gibi/like), del- (gel-/come), t’ene (yine/again) etc. Since this type of change is also seen in Northeastern Anatolian dialects and especially in the mani (Turkish poem) texts collected by Räsenen (dizli~gizli/hidden, dibi-gibi/ like, iti-iki/two), and in children’s language (gel-del/come, git-dit/go, koy-toy/put, etc.), the lower These examples are also mentioned in the titles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turkbilig/Turkoloji Arastirmalari Dergisi is the property of Turkbilig/Turkoloji Arastirmalari Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Turkbilig/Turkoloji Arastirmalari Dergisi is the property of Turkbilig/Turkoloji Arastirmalari Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Chagatai, which forms the eastern branch of historical Turkish written languages and is accepted as the fifth phase of this written language and the third phase of Central Asian Islamic Turkish Literature, is a historical written language that lasted from the beginning of the 15th to the beginning of the 20th century. As the continuation of the Karakhanid and Khwarezm literary languages, it has been the common written language of the Eastern Turks in Central Asia. Many studies have been conducted on Chagatai Turkish so far. However, there are very few studies on the syntax of Chagatai Turkish. This study is based on the thesis titled as "Syntax in Chagatai Turkish (In the Example of Translation of Chagatai Seyfu'l Mulûk Story Written in Uyghur Alphabet, Mecâlisu'n-Nefâ'is and Tezkire-i Evliyâ). In this study, syntactic comparison was made on the basis of three works in three different periods of Chagatai Turkish. These three works, represent the characteristic language features of Chagatai Turkish, and also contain some linguistic differences, present many materials on the syntactic level. The study has been prepared in order to create a perspective on the syntax of Chagatai Turkish in general terms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of History Studies (13094688) is the property of History Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

There have been many studies on verb combinations, one of the categories that have been formulated within the framework of certain rules since the first written texts of the Turkic language. These studies have recently focused on the grammarization, modality, and actionality of verb combinations. When the verb combinations in historical and modern Turkic written languages are researched, it is seen that new auxiliary verbs have emerged in different phases of the Turkic language. In this article, the meaning and derivatives of the verb tüke-, which has been witnessed with its various derivatives since the first written texts of the Turkic language, will be emphasized. The role and meaning of the auxiliary verb tüket-in the verb combination will be evaluated within the framework of the structure of verb + vowel adverb suffix + tüket-, which can be witnessed especially in the Buddhist texts of Old Uyghur Turkic. It will be discussed through which processes the verb tüket-in Old Uyghur Turkic texts turns into an auxiliary verb. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Arctic and sub-Arctic region, which is within the Siberia region of Russia, is a region where Turkic peoples/Turkic-speaking peoples live. Turkic peoples/Turkic-speaking peoples living in this region are adversely affected by Russia's cultural policies. For this reason, the problem of cultural security and language preservation arises. Today, with globalization, the possibilities offered by communication channels and the interaction provided by technological development have made the problem of keeping Turkic culture alive and language preservation in the Arctic and sub-Arctic more evident. For this reason, ensuring the cultural security of the Turkic peoples and Turkic language speakers living in the Arctic and sub-Arctic region, keeping the culture alive, and sustaining it requires some studies. The survival skills developed by the Turkic peoples against the harsh living conditions in this geography are of interest to the entire world culture. In this respect, the ancient Turkic culture and language, which is tried to be kept alive in Siberia has an important share in the cultural heritage of humanity. This study mentions that the sustainability of the culture and language of the Turkic-speaking peoples living in Siberia is under threat and points out the need for protection. It is thought that the Organization of Turkish States can take an active role in the international arena by obtaining the status of an observer member in the Arctic Council to ensure the cultural and linguistic security of the Turkish-speaking peoples living in both the Arctic and sub-Arctic regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present article titled Organization of Turkic States as an International Organization in terms of International Law aims to assess the Organization of Turkic States, which is an umbrella organization for the Turkic States that was established in 2009 under the name of Organization of Turkic Language Speaking Countries. The assessment is carried out by analysing whether the Organization of Turkic States is an international organization in terms of international law. Therefore, the analysis was conducted by discussing the organizational structure of the Organization of Turkic States, as well as the competencies and missions of the organs and their working principles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of International Journal of Language Academy is the property of Rota Kariyer and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study introduces the phonetic features of the subdialects spoken in Manavgat, one of the biggest districts of Antalya. The study comparatively examines the vowels used in the Manavgat subdialects and their relationships to historical and contemporary Turkic written languages. The structure and features of Turkic languages are not an issue that can be solved by examining literary languages alone; subdialects can also provide powerful data in order to conclude unresolved points. The Manavgat subdialects have an important place among other Turkish subdialects with their unique phonetic features. Although Oghuz languages have a subdialect, the Manavgat subdialects have primarily preserved their archaic phonetic features. Vowel sounds should be handled in depth to reveal the characteristic features of the Manavgat subdialects, which contain many phonetic, morphological, and lexical language features that are not found in standard Turkish. For this reason, this study aims to explain the features of the vowels used in the local dialects and the phonological changes that occur within the vowels. During the examinations, primary and secondary vowel lengths are seen to be encountered in the region. Phonetic features are also found that can be considered Kipchak elements in the local dialects or that can be evaluated in the context of language relations. This study will contribute to Turkic language research and dialect atlas studies, which suffer from major deficiencies in the field of dialectology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A large number of terms that mean illness, pain and ache were interchangeably practised in the Old Turkic language. The Uighur Turkic language particularly uses terms of disease, pain and ache abundantly. In most cases, the differences between these terms which mean disease are conspicuous and are frequently witnessed in collocations, mostly as reduplications or all together to provide the same. Most studies on medical terms have been carried out and still pursued in both Old Turkish and other historical periods of Turkish language. This study concerns the terms agrıg, ig, kegen, kem, tikig, toga which generally mean "sickness" and "pain", not terms referring diseases or limbs in Old Uighur Turkic and some determinations and attention will be presented about the use of these terms in the texts of the period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Eastern countries, especially the Turkic-Islamic peoples, left behind from the West in technology, industry and education, have become the colonies of great states in the last three centuries. For the peoples, especially the Turkic world, who could not keep up with the progress required by the age, this situation had dire consequences. Except for Turkey, all Turkic countries lost their independence due to the Russian invasion (19-20 centuries). However, in addition to the plundering of all their material and spiritual wealth, they also suffered great human losses. Intellectuals in the Turkic-Islamic world sought ways to get rid of this situation. Especially Gaspirali Ismail Bey's goal of "unity in language, thought and work" has been a very important intellectual step taken in this direction. Within the framework of his doctrine, schools providing education in a new way were opened in the Turkic world, the foundation of national press and theater was laid, and attempts were made to create a common language among Turkic peoples. All of these began to bear fruit in a short time. Gaspirali Ismail Bey, who was instrumental in this fruition, was loved by the Jadidians in the Turkic world as the father of the Jadid movement. His death shocked the Turkic-Islamic world. Condolence messages dedicated to him were published by Jadidist intellectuals in the newspapers and magazines he made popular in Turkestan; elegies were written, and the memories of Turkestani intellectuals about him were shared. There are many poems about the death of Gaspirali Ismail Bey in Uzbek Jadid poetry. In their elegies, the poets commemorated the reforms carried out by this exceptional personality, which the Turkic-Islamic world lost, by chanting Gaspirali Ismail Bey's superior morality, character, stance, love for his nation, patriotism, and having an ideal. On the other hand, they advised Muslim Turkic peoples to mourn for their spiritual "father", Gaspirali Ismail Bey, to pray for his soul, and most importantly, not to forget him until the Day of Judgment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The kitchen serves as its heart and main hub of social activity of almost any home. By extension, cuisine is a symbol of both eating and living well, and of social relations, making of the ways to understand any society. Cuisine brings society together -- from daily to celebratory meals for births, weddings, funerals, religious holidays -- and constitutes a key role in forming a society's cultural identity to be on from one generation to the next. Today, many theories regarding the ethnic origins of the Gagauz, an Orthodox Christian Turkic people. That said, they live in Eastern Europe around the Black Sea, and are known for their rich oral tradition. Many speculate that they hail from Seljuk, Kipchak, Pechenek, and even Uz roots. However, their language falls under Oghuz (southwestern) branch of the Turkic language family, alongside Modern Turkish and Azerbaijani. Alas, according to UNESCO, it is highly endangered. The study aims to examine Gagauz cuisine through the lens of language. In it, we will look at Gagauz food and drink, as well as how terminology related to cooking and food storing methods, festive meals (incl. banquets), kitchen layout, cooking utensils, food storage methods, alongside culinary customs as they exist in both the Gagauz oral tradition and folklore. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kişinin kendisini, çevresini ve etrafında olup biteni anlama, kavrama ve tanımlama yetisine karşılık gelen “bilinç~şuur ve zihin” kavram alanı, Türk dilinin soyut yönünü gösteren zengin örnekler içermektedir. Türk dilinin ilk yazılı ürünlerinin verildiği çağlardan itibaren “bilinç~şuur ve zihin” kavram alanı içerisinde ög, uķuş, aŋ ve us benzeri ifadeler dönem metinleri içerisinde yer almaktadır. Bahsedilen “bilinç~şuur ve zihin” kavram alanı ile ilişkili leksikal yapılardan biri de es sözcüğüdür. İlk kez Harezm Türkçesi metinlerinde es ve bu ifadeden türemiş esle- ifadeleriyle görülen bu ifade, kronolojik olarak Türk dilinin tarihî ve modern dönemlerine ait dillerinde yer alan leksikal bir birimdir. Bu çalışma ile “bilinç~şuur ve zihin” kavram alanının ürünü olan es sözcüğünün tarihî ve modern Türk dillerindeki görünümlerine yer verilerek ilgili ifadenin izlediği gelişme süreci ile beraber sahip olduğu kökenbilgisel tanımlama, konu üzerine görüş bildiren çeşitli araştırmacıların fikirleri dâhilinde ortaya konacaktır.

Copyright of Journal of Dil Araştırmaları is the property of Journal of Dil Arastirmalari and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Dil Araştırmaları is the property of Journal of Dil Arastirmalari and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Dil Araştırmaları is the property of Journal of Dil Arastirmalari and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Dil Araştırmaları is the property of Journal of Dil Arastirmalari and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Turkbilig/Turkoloji Arastirmalari Dergisi is the property of Turkbilig/Turkoloji Arastirmalari Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Turkbilig/Turkoloji Arastirmalari Dergisi is the property of Turkbilig/Turkoloji Arastirmalari Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Turkbilig/Turkoloji Arastirmalari Dergisi is the property of Turkbilig/Turkoloji Arastirmalari Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the simplest terms dream is the imagination sequences seen during sleep. It is the spiritual events that one sees with his soul and realizes with his mind. Depending on the structure of faith and culture, each nation and religion has its own dream motifs, assumptions and traditions of expression. Throughout the history of civilization, religious beliefs, traditions bearing religious identity, mystical customs and lifestyles played specific roles in understanding and explaining the dreams. During this time, with the formations, mysterious structures and features, dreams have become an important material in the art, folklore and literary works of the societies in which they had involved. The importance given to dream in Turkish culture is reflected in our literature. Studies on this subject are mostly focused on dreams in divan, dreams in mesnevi, dream motifs in Turkish folk poems and modern literature. The use of the dream as a literary element has gained frequency mainly in the post-Islamic period. As for the pre-Islamic dream texts, there are no data on the inscriptions, which are the first known written documents of Turkish. Therefore, the first dream texts in our written sources can be traced back to the Old Uighur period. These religions adopted (Buddhism, Manichaeism, Christianity, Tibetan Buddhism) were reflected in their literature; so that there were some Buddhist, Manichaeist and a small number of Christian Uighur manuscripts. Buddhist Uighur literature, which consists of translation works, most of which belong to Buddhist chapel, dates from the 9th century to the end of the 14th century. At the beginning, translations were made mostly from Sogdian, Tocharian and Chinese, while in the last period there have been translations from Chinese and Tibetan Buddhism. During the historical periods of the Turkic language, the periods before the Karakhanid/ Islamic period haven't been discussed much; a detailed and complete study of dream motifs in the Old Turkish texts before Kutadgu Bilig has not been studied yet. As is known, most of the manuscripts from the Old Uyghur period are translated works with Buddhist content. The dream texts and motifs presented in the article are also generally seen in these texts. In this article, dream motifs in the texts of the Old Uyghur period, the second phase of the Old Turkish period, and especially in the texts of the Buddhist Uyghur Literature, will be presented together with the examples identified. The dream pieces in mentioned works and their translation to Turkish have been provided and evaluated. The motifs in the detected dream texts were evaluated under different categories according to their interpretation in the text: I. Motives of birth prophecy; II. Motives of reaching the holiness of Buddha; III. Motives of herald of death; IV. Motives that point to the good end and good news; V. Motives that signify the reward earned after repentance and the right path; VI. Motives that point to salvation and purification from sins; VII. Motifs used in disease diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]