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Aim:We aimed to assess the prevalence of actinomycosis in tonsillectomy specimens and its clinical importance and management in our center.Materials and Methods:In this retrospective matched case-control study, patients who underwent tonsillectomy during 2010-2015 in Shahid Mostafa Khomeini Hospital, Tehran, were studied. Data regarding age, sex, indication for surgery (such as recurrent tonsillitis or sleep-disordered breathing), tonsil size, and length of disease before surgery were collected in both histopathologically positive (case) and negative (control) patients for actinomycosis.Results:From the 260 studied tonsillectomy specimens, actinomycosis was found in 20 (8.75%) and 60 Actinomycosis negative cases were chosen randomly for the control group. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups with respect to age, sex, length of disease before surgery, and incidence of actinomycosis in tonsillectomy due to recurrent tonsillitis or sleep-disordered breathing. However, the tonsil size was significantly greater in specimens positive for actinomycosis (8.65±1.5 mL versus 4.38±0.22 mL, p

Objective: Respiratory disorders related to sleeping problems are examined in a wide spectrum ranging from simple snoring to obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Hypertension and the risk for cardiovascular morbidity because of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome have been demonstrated in many previous studies. But, there are limited number of studies demonstrating the influential blood pressure changes during the rime interval from primary snoring to obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Methods: Twenty children who had no obstructive sleep apnea symptoms with tonsillar hypert- rophy (grade 3-4) and twenty children as control subjects (range: 6-13 years) were included in this study. Healthy children consisting of equal number of boys and girls who were in the same age group with the patient group with no complaints were chosen as a control group. All partici- pants were evaluated by twenty 24-ambulatory blood pressure monitorization, and the data obtained were compared. Results: There was no significant difference between the groups as for average blood pressure measurements obtained during the whole day, daytime and at night Still blood pressure load, blood pressure index and blood pressure variability of both groups did not differ statistically significantly. The number of non-dippers in the patient group was greater than the those in the control group. Although intergroup difference did not reach a statistical significance. Conclusion: This study showed that cardiovascular complications like systemic hypertension did not become manifest in children with tonsillar hypertrophy but without any sign of clinical obs- tructive sleep apnea. Higher number of non-dippers in the patient group, reveal the requirement for larger population-based studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]