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The walnut tree (Juglans regia L.) is a well-known member of the Juglandaceae family and is widely cultivated worldwide. Since ancient times, parts of the walnut tree have been used in traditional medicine for the treatment of various diseases (such as venous insufficiency, hemorrhoids, hypoglycemia, diarrhea, asthma, eczema, stomachache, cancer, and microbial infections). Walnut leaves and green husks are important agricultural byproducts, which attract attention in terms of their chemical composition (such as protein, fat, carbohydrate, vitamin E and minerals including Ca, K, Mg, Fe, Zn and Mn) and bioactive contents (such as phenolics, flavonoids, organic acids, triterpenic acids, terpenes, terpenoids, tetralon derivatives, megastigman derivatives and juglone), and they are cheap and abundant while being in the form of waste. Walnut leaves and green husks, which have qualities that can be used in the development of high value-added products and functional foods, may provide benefits to human health with their various properties such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, anthelmintic, antidiarrheic, antihistaminic, antiulcer, antiasthmatic, immunomodulator, antifertility, anticancer, anti-aging and hepatoprotective. In this review, general information is presented about their health benefits and potential as functional additives and/or nutraceutical in foods, by drawing attention to the phytochemical profiles and chemical properties of walnut leaves and green husks, which are agricultural wastes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Astaxanthine (ASTA) terpene, a red pigment found in algae known as rhodopite, is a tetraterpene. In this study, possible toxic and genotoxic effects of the ASTA were investigated depending on the dose-time interaction. The toxic effect of the ASTA was determined by in vivo longevity test in Oregon-R wild strain of Drosophila melanogaster. For this purpose, adult female and male individuals were chronically fed on media containing different doses of the ASTA (25, 50, 100 and 200 ppm). While the average life span in the control group is 49.07±1.92 days in females, it is 51.01±2.12 days in males. These values are 32.06±1.50 and 27.06±1.18 days in females in the lowest and highest ASTA application groups (25-200 ppm), 32.45±1.48 and 23.52±0.92 in males, respectively. When the results of the control and application groups of the ASTA terpene were compared, it was observed that the average life span decreased in both female and male populations depending on the dose-time interaction (p<0.05). The genotoxic effect of the ASTA terpene was also determined by the somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART) in D.melanogaster. According to the data obtained from the SMART result, an increase in clone induction frequency was observed in all the ASTA application groups (50, 100, 200 and 400 ppm) due to concentration increase. These results show that ASTA stimulates somatic mutations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kumquat is a plant species of Fortunella genus in Rutaceae family and generally is the name given to the fruits that known as smallest citrus fruits of this plant. Kumquat, whose homeland is China, is a fruit with round-oval shaped, orange-yellow color. As well as kumquat has five major species, new hybrid fruits are also produced with other citrus fruits. Due to the terpenoids and flavonoids in the peel composition, it can be consumed with its peel, unlike other citrus fruits. Nutritionally, the ratio of dietary fiber and the content of iron, calcium, vitamin A, B2 and C is high. Mostly terpenoids form of the composition of kumquat essential oil and its major terpene compound is d-limonene. 3',5'-Di-C-ß glucopyranosylphloretin is the characteristic phenolic compound of the species of the kumquat. Free radical scavenging activity of kumquat is high and its antioxidant capacity is due to the high content of phenolic compound in its composition. In addition to its antifungal properties, it also has antiviral, antiatherogenic, anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects on health. Kumquat, with its nutritional and phytochemical content, is increasingly becoming in an important position in the field of food and pharmacology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

17 years old male patient admitted to the emergency room of our hospital for unconsciousness, nausea, vomiting, and seizures story. During follow-up orotracheal intubation was performed because of respiratory arrest. At that time there were not any significant findings and the taken computed tomography were normal. There were not any diseases at the patient's history. After identifying positive high levels of methamphetamine in the urine, another detailed patient history taken from patient's parents. Assuming the patient's problem as being methamphetamine intoxication, the related threatment was given accordingly. In the control CT which was taken on the third day after admission (CT image); there were findings in favor of brain edema such as cerebral sulcus deletions. We began treating patient with sodium thiopental infusion, hyperventilation, mannitol, dexamethasone, took patient's head to the optimal position and began to phenytoin therapy for the control of seizures. Mechanical ventilation support was terminated and the patient was extubated during the 16th day of the treatment as laboratory findings got normal and the patient showed th adequate clinical improvement. He was discharged with healing from ICU on the 30 day. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Obesity has become a major public health problem and should be considered with not only medical aspects also the social and economic aspects. According to the data of the World Health Organization (WHO), obesity and obesity-related diseases cause the death of over a million people worldwide each year. Science of nutrition has proven the effects of nutrition on human health and direct correlation between nutritional habits and the frequency of some diseases. Improvement of national nutrition policies about obesity is within the framework of responsibilities of the public organizations and food industry by considering the new approaches. Development and evaluation of new strategies about reducing the effects of fat and carbohydrates on weight gain are required to prevent or reduce obesity. It has been reported that food constituents, which are naturally found in foods, may be effective on the control of weight gain via various mechanism and have been studied as a new approach for obesity prevention. In this article, recent studies about some foods or bioactive compounds found in foods, which can effect on obesity prevention, are reviewed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, aroma composition of floral honey obtained from Kayseri province was analyzed by gaschromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Liquid-liquid extraction with dichloromethane was used for extraction of volatile components. According to sensory analysis (representivaness test), the aromaticextract obtained by liquid-liquid extraction was representative of honey odour. The results of GC-MSanalysis showed that totally 41 aroma compounds including 11 acids, 5 alcohols, 5 aldehydes, 4 ketones,3 terpenes, 3 lactones, 3 phenols, 3 esters, 3 pyrans and 1 norisoprenoid were identified and quantified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The biotransformation of (-)-myrtenol by Aspergillus terreus MRC 200365 and Aspergillus fumigatus MRC 200358 was carried out in order to investigate how these fungi metabolise the substrate and to obtain some netabolites which may be used as starting materials for different purposes. Growing cells of these fungi on incubator shaker were used for biotransformation experiments. The incubation of (-)-myrtenol by A. terreus for 7 days afforded (-)- 1 -p-menthen-7,8-diol which may be used as a starting material for synthetic purposes, The incubation of (-)-myrtenol by A. fumigatus 7 days afforded only starting material which was not metabolised by the fungus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]