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Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in gastric carcinomas and lymph node metastasis and their relationship with angiogenesis and prognostic histopathological parameters. Materials and Methods: COX-2 and VEGF expression and microvessel density (MVD) grade identified by antibodies against CD34 were investigated immunohistochemically in 33 patients with gastric carcinoma. Results: The expression of COX-2 was 96.9% in normal mucosa and 87.8% in gastric carcinoma. Although COX-2 expression in mucosa was higher than in carcinoma, the difference was not statistically significant. The COX-2 positivity rates in lymph nodes were significantly higher in patients with vascular invasion (p

This paper extends the work of Pamuk (2003) by showing mathematically that the movement of endothelial cells, to the regions where active enzyme is large or where fibronectin is small, is unique. To do this, we obtain the existence and uniqueness of the steady-state solution of an initial-boundary value problem which mathematically models endothelial cell movement in tumor angiogenesis. A specific example showing the instability of this steady-state solution is provided.