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Objective: To investigate the total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, VLDL, and HDL levels of pregnant women diagnosed with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy and to examine the association with disease severity. Material and Method: A total of 80 pregnant women, 40 of whom were diagnosed with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, and 40 age-matched controls, were prospectively enrolled in this study. Lipid levels were compared among the case and controls, and their association with disease severity was analyzed. Birth weight, birth week, and neonatal outcomes were studied. Results: LDL and VLDL were significantly higher, and HDL levels were lower in the intrahepatic cholestasis of the pregnancy group than in the healthy pregnancies (p

Background: To compare the lipid profile of preeclamptic pregnant women with the lipid profile of normal pregnant women. Materials and Methods: This study consisted of 40 severe preeclamptic, 40 mild preeclamptic, and 40 healthy pregnant patients who were prospectively admitted to the hospital in Harran University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology between June 2021 and June 2022. Age, pregnancy and delivery numbers, blood pressure and pulse values, Body Mass Index (BMI), blood total cholesterol, LDL, HDL triglyceride (TG) levels and hemogram parameters (Hemoglobin, Hematocrit, WBC, Platelet count and MPV) of all patients were evaluated.he study was planned as descriptive cross-sectional. The attitudes of the students studying at the Faculty of medicine towards scientific research were questioned. In the study, the "Attitude Scale Towards Scientific Research" was used. Results: A statistically significant difference was found between systolic - diastolic blood pressures and heart rate values according to the groups (p<0.001 for all groups). It was found that the BMI of the pregnant women in the preeclampsia (PE) groups was higher than the control group and there was a significant difference between the BMIs according to the groups (p<0.001). It was determined that total cholesterol, TG and LDL values of pregnant women with preeclampsia were higher than healthy pregnant women, and HDL values were lower than healthy pregnant women (p<0.001). Conclusions: In this study, it was observed that the lipid profile in PE patients was higher than the lipid profile in normal pregnant women, and preeclamptic pregnant women were more obese. It was concluded that pregnant women with preeclampsia are a risky group in terms of lipid profile and should be followed up in the postpartum period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Chylothorax following congenital heart surgery is a potentially serious complication that requires early diagnosis and treatment. The aim of this study is to review our experience with the treatment of chylothorax occurring in the early period after congenital heart surgery. Materials and Methods: The records of patients who developed postoperative chylothorax among 1215 patients who underwent surgery for congenital heart disease in our hospital between March 2017 and February 2023 were retrospectively reviewed. Results: Seventeen patients, 11 of whom were male, who developed postoperative chylothorax were included in the study. The median age was 7.5 months, and the median body weight was 6.4 kilograms. Surgical procedures were aortic coarctation repair (five), Glenn operation (four), Tetralogy of Fallot repair (two), Fontan operation (one), atrioventricular canal defect repair (one), ventricular septal defect closure (one), vascular ring repair (one), patent ductus arteriosus ligation (one), and right modified Blalock-Taussig shunt in one patient. The median amount of lymphatic drainage was 4.6 ml/kg/day (2.3 to 8.1 ml/kg/day) and the median lymphatic drainage time was 16.5 days (5 to 38 days). After the chylous fluid drained, total parenteral nutrition and enteral medium-chain triglyceride diet were given. Octreotide was used additionally in 82.4% of the patients. After the chylous fluid drainage stopped, the patients were given a medium chain triglyceride diet for 6 weeks. One patient died due to sepsis. Conclusions: Chylothorax is a complication that causes morbidity after cardiac surgery. Morbidity can be reduced if a correct algorithm determined by the clinic is followed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Advanced Research in Health Sciences (JARHS) / Sağlık Bilimlerinde İleri Araştırmalar Dergisi (SABİAD) is the property of Journal of Advanced Research in Health Sciences (JARHS) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Hypertension is an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Studies with ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) have revealed that blood pressure changes during the day and has a circadian rhythm. Decreasing 10% or above in blood pressure during the night is called dipper; if not so is called non-dipper hypertension(HT). Cardiovascular risk increases in patients with non-dipper hypertension. Copeptin ise antidiüretik hormonun parçası olan bir moleküldür. In some studies, copeptin level in the blood shows a rapid increase in conditions such as cardiovascular diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, sepsis and shock. In this study, we aimed to compare serum copeptin levels in dipper and non-dipper patient groups. Materials and Methods: 73 patients newly diagnosed with HT were included in this study as the study group and 35 healthy individuals as the control group. Individuals diagnosed with HT were divided into dipper HT and non-dipper HT subgroups according to ABPM. The basic biochemical parameters and copeptin levels of all individuals included in the study were studied. Results: Serum copeptin levels of individuals with non-dipper HT were found to be significantly higher than serum copeptin levels in both control and dipper patient groups. A positive correlation was observed between copeptin and triglyceride in double correlation analysis. No statistically significant correlation was found between other biochemical markers and copeptin. Conclusions: Serum copeptin levels were found to be high in the non-dipper hypertensive patient group with a poor prognostic course. This finding suggests that increased copeptin level is associated with the prognosis of patients with non-dipper HT. Therefore, copeptin level can be used as a prognostic parameter in patients with hypertension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Van Tip Dergisi is the property of Yuzuncu Yil University, Faculty of Medicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of fatty liver without inflammatory infiltration, excessive alcohol consumption, viral hepatitis, and other liver diseases. NAFLD is a major health problem as it can lead to cirrhosis, liver cancer and mortality. In HIV-positive patients, the prevalence of NAFLD ranges from 28 to 48%. Currently, there is no information about the prevalence and related factors related to NAFLD in those with HIV infection in our country. In this study, we aimed to investigate the prevalence of NAFLD and the related factors in newly diagnosed HIV-infected patients. Methods: The demographic data and ultrasonography of 558 HIV-infected patients newly diagnosed between June 2015 and September 2019 were analyzed retrospectively. In hepatic echogenicity, fatty liver was diagnosed with hyper echogenicity of liver compared with renal cortex and diffusion. Uni- and multi-variate logistic regression analyses were applied to estimate factors associated with NAFLD. Results: Of 358 patients who met the study criteria, 118 (33%) were diagnosed as NAFLD. Obesity was found in 10.2% of the patients with NAFLD and in 3.1% of the patients without NAFLD (p=0.021). NAFLD rate was significantly higher in patients with diabetes mellitus and hypertension (p<0.05). In the multivariate analysis, age, 1 mg/dl increase in glucose and triglyceride values and 1 unit increase in ALT/AST were associated with NAFLD. Conclusions: The results highlight the importance of early recognition and management of NAFLD and traditional factors associated with NAFLD in Turkish patients with HIV infection. Additionally, precautions and treatments should be a priority in the follow-up of patients in order to ensure the reduction of liver-related morbidity and mortality, which is one of the non-AIDS causes of these newly diagnosed HIV-infected patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Atherosclerosis is a disease affecting the intimas of arteries. We aimed to investigate the presence of carotid atherosclerosis in patients with tinnitus as an etiologic factor of tinnitus. Methods: A total of 73 patients were included. The patients were divided into 4 groups according to the degree of sclerosis. Triglyceride, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoproteins (LDL) levels were investigated. Tinnitus was questioned in patients. All patients have undergone a pure tone audiometry. Comperative statistical analysis was performed. Results: Tinnitus was seen in 79.5% of the patients and 20.5% of the patients had no tinnitus. Carotid stenosis of 1-49% degree was present in 16.4%, of 50-69% degree was present in 21.9%, and of 70% degree was present in 30.1% of the patients while 31.5% of the patients had no carotid stenosis. No significant association was present between carotid stenosis and the presence of tinnitus. HDL levels in patients with carotid stenosis of 1-49% degree were significantly higher than in those without stenosis. No significant difference was found between audiogram data and the level of carotid stenosis. Conclusion: There was no significant relationship between the degree of carotid stenosis and the presence of tinnitus. Mean HDL levels were higher in carotid artery stenosis of a 1-49% degree. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: There isn't a widely accepted reference method to measure the cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients. In our study, we aimed to investigate the presence of a parameter that would provide insight into CVD risk in HIV-positive individuals and can be conveniently used in their follow-up. Methods: This retrospective observational study included 160 HIV-infected adults who were followed between 1 January 1996 and 1 June 2017. CVD risk factors and newly developing CVDs during the follow-up of these patients were recorded. By using the Framingham 10-year general CVD risk score (FRS-CVD-10) and American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association risk estimation (ACC/AHA CVDRS), patients' CVD risks at initial and current evaluation were calculated. The association between these calculated values and factors that might be related to CVD risk were investigated. Results: Of all patients, 82.5% were male and the mean age was 40.06 years. 68.2% of the patients were smokers and 92% had dyslipidemia. It was observed that 25% of the patients who completed the 113-month follow-up developed CVD. 37.1% and 39.4% of the patients were determined to be at high risk in terms of developing CVD according to FRS-CVD-10 and ACC/AHA CVDRS, respectively. Triglyceride to high density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (Tg/HDL-c) was found to be higher in patients who developed CVD during follow-up and in those with high CVD risk scores. The positive predictive value of change in Tg/HDL-c ratio at the end of the first year in determining the CVD risk was 91.4% when FRS-CVD-10 was accepted as the reference test. Conclusions: It was concluded that Tg/HDL-c ratio was a simple, inexpensive and reliable variable which demonstrated the increased risk of CVDs in HIV-infected patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the possible nutrient and protein deficiency in the first six months after sleeve gastrectomy and to determine its effect on some biochemical parameters. Material and Methods: This study is an intervention study including 102 patients (75 female and 27 male) aged between 18-65 years, who had undergone sleeve gastrectomy operation at the General Surgery Clinic of Şişli Florence Nightingale Hospital between 13.07.2017 and 06.01.2018 and been followed up by a dietician for at least six months postoperatively. Anthropometric measurements, three-day food intake, and biochemical parameters were followed pre-operatively and during the first six months. Results: There was a 27.4% decrease in body weight of the patients in first six months after surgery. Both decrease in body weight, and decrease in body fat ratio and body mass index were found statistically significant (p<0.001). A statistically significant difference was found between preoperative and postoperative 6th month biochemical parameters; serum HbA1c, insulin, uric acid, total protein, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, iron, iron binding capacity, ferritin, zinc, vitamin D, calcium, parathormone, folate and vitamin B12 levels of the patients (p<0.001). The difference between 6th month serum total protein levels of patients using and not using whey protein powder in the first month after sleeve gastrectomy was found statistically significant (p=0.002). Conclusion: It should be kept in mind that regulating patients' lifestyle with post-operative multidisciplinary team and regular follow-up, and supporting with active life are necessary for obesity treatment to be sustainable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Restless Legs syndrome (RLS) is one of the common sleep disorders in the community. There are many studies on the relationship between sleep disorders and diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, obesity, and metabolic dysregulation. However, the results are contradicting in the studies conducted in cases with RLS. In this study, we retrospectively examined the possible relationship between cardiovascular risk factors and RLS. Materials and Methods: The study included 107 patients (group 1) diagnosed with RLS according to the diagnostic criteria recommended by the international RLS study group and 97 patients with the diagnosis of simple snoring (group 2) among the patients who were prescribed a diagnosis of sleep disorder in the sleep laboratory. Demographic, laboratory and polysomnographic data of all cases were retrospectively reviewed. Results: There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of age, gender, smoking, and alcohol use, however, weight, neck circumference, waist circumference, and body mass index were detected significantly higher (p=0.008, p=0.020, p=0.001, p=0.002, respectively). In addition, diastolic and systolic arterial blood pressure values and total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and triglyceride levels measured at the night of the examination were significantly different between the groups, and the presence of Metabolic syndrome was observed significantly higher in the RLS group (p=0.001, p=0.001, p=0.024, p=0.033, p=0.020, p=0.002, respectively). Conclusion: The incidence of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, obesity, and Metabolic syndrome increases in RLS patients. Further prospective studies are needed to elucidate the potential mechanisms underlying this correlation between the RLS and cardiovascular risk factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: In acromegaly, the incidence of cardiovascular disease is higher compared to healthy population because of the association of secondary cardiovascular disease risk factors such as hypertension, glucose intolerance, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between Growth Hormone (GH), Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1), and lipid profiles in patients with newly diagnosed acromegaly. Methods: This study included 57 newly diagnosed acromegaly patients and 31 healthy control cases. Blood samples were taken after a 12-hour night fasting to analyze the levels of the hormones, the lipid profiles, and the fasting blood glucose. Results: The mean of LDL-C level in the acromegaly group and control group were respectively 140.2±61.3 mg/dL and 115.6±30.4 mg/dL, (p=0.029), triglyceride level 137.6±84.0 mg/dL and 102.9±43.0 mg/dL, (p=0.027) and HDL-C level 41.5±10.5 mg/dL and 50.5±10.6 mg/dL, (p=0.001). There was a significant positive correlation between GH levels of LDL (r=0.375, p=0.002), TG (r=0.302, p=0.01), IGF-1 (r=0.634, p=0.0001) and HOMA-IR (r=0.699, p=0.0001), IGF-1 and LDL levels (r=0.295, p=0.01) and TG (r=0.476, p=0.0001). There was a negative correlation between HDL and GH (r=-0.399, p=0.001) and HDL with IGF-1 (r=-0.310, p=0.01). Conclusions: Acromegaly is a disorder characterized by an excess of GH and GH appears to adversely affect the lipid profile. It can be considered that this risk factor may be eliminated by the control of the levels of GH and IGF-1 in acromegaly patients. Further studies seem necessary for more clarifica-tion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: It is very important to determine the factors affecting the formation of obesity and solve the health problems that may develop during adolescence and take necessary precautions. Thus, we aimed to retrospectively investigate the relationship between thyroid hormone levels and lipid profiles, which play important roles in the development of obesity, and body composition in obese adolescents. Methods: The study population consisted of 45 obese, 48 overweight and 33 healthy adolescent girls, whose body compositions and biochemical parameters were measured at Batman State Hospital Diet Policlinic on the same day. Adolescents' obesity status, body composition parameters including muscle, bone and fat weight, fat content and basal metabolic rate were examined. Serum insulin levels, free thyroxine, and thyroid stimulating hormone and lipid profiles were also examined in the participants. Results: Obese adolescents had significantly higher total cholesterol, triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein levels than normal weight and overweight adolescents. The obese adolescents' thyroid stimulating hormone levels were significantly higher than the control group. Conclusion: These findings indicate that thyroid stimulating hormone levels significantly changed in obese adolescent girls. However, it may be suggested that clarification of the factors involved in the change of these hormone levels may contribute to the prevention of adolescence obesity and obesity related complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High levels of lipids and lipoproteins in young adults are significant risk factors for the development of heart disease in older ages. Increased levels of total cholesterol and triglycerides, high levels of low-density lipoprotein and low levels of high-density lipoprotein contribute to cardiovascular disease. Therefore, when starting antiepileptics, it is important to assess changes in serum lipid levels and choose the safety drug, thus contributing to the prevention of cardiovascular complications in older ages. This paper is a review of the e effects of AED use on plasma lipid parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Design: Homocysteine, a sulfur-containing amino acid, is known to be related with autoimmunity-inflammation, cardiovascular disease and DNA methylation. In this case-control study, we aimed to determine plasma homocysteine, folic acid, vitamin B12 and vitamin B6 levels in patients with psoriasis. Materials and Methods: Smoking, alcohol and coffee consumption habits were recorded in adult patients with plaque-type psoriasis and age- and sex-matched controls. Height and weight measurements were performed and Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) scores were calculated. Fasting venous blood samples were collected to determine homocysteine, folic acid, vitamin B12, vitamin B6, glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein (HDL), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. Results: There was no significant difference between psoriasis patients (n=43) and controls (n=47) in body mass index and alcohol and coffee consumption. Smoking rate was significantly high in psoriasis patients. The median PASI score was 10.0 (8.3-12.8). Plasma homocysteine, folic acid, vitamin B12, vitamin B6, total cholesterol, triglyseride, ESR and CRP values were not significantly different between patients and the controls. HDL level was low in psoriasis patients (p=0.001). Plasma homocysteine level was higher in males than in females. There was no relationship of homocysteine levels with patient's age, PASI scores, ESR, CRP values and lipids. Homocysteine levels were inversely related with folic acid and vitamin B12 (p=0.000, r=-0.436, p=0.047, r=-0.204, respectively). We did not find any relationship between homocysteine and vitamin B6 levels. Conclusion: There was no increase in plasma homocysteine levels in psoriasis patients we followed up. Homocysteine level increases in inflammatory disorders and this increase is accepted as a cardiovascular disease marker. Homocysteine homeostasis may be balanced in our patients because of the genetic background and/or nutritional habits in this population [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the demographic, clinical, laboratory properties of patients with macrophage activation syndrome and treatment outcomes. Material and Methods: The data of the patients who were diagnosed with macrophage activation syndrome secondary to systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis between June 2013-May 2014 were evaluated by screening patient records. Results: Ten patients with macrophage activation syndrome were followed up in one year. The mean age at the time of diagnosis was found to be 7.6±4.5 years. The most common clinical finding at presentation (80%) was increased body temperature. Hepatosplenomegaly was found in half of the patients. The most common hematological finding (90%) was anemia. The mean erythrocyte sedimentation rate was found to be 71.8±36.2 mm/h, whereas it was measured to be lower (31.2±25.2 mm/h) at the time of the diagnosis of macrophage activation syndrome. Increased ferritin level was found in all of our patients (the mean ferritin level was found to be 23 957±15 525 ng/mL). Hypertriglyceridemia was found in nine patients (90%). The mean triglyceride level was found to be 397±332 mg/dL. Systemic steroid treatment was administered to all patients. Cyclosporine A was given to eight patients (80%), canakinumab was given to four patients (40%) and anakinra was given to five patients (50%). Plasmapheresis was performed in two patients. Improvement was found in all patients except for one patient. The patient in whom no improvement was observed showed a chronic course. Conclusions : The diagnosis of macrophage activation syndrome should be considered in presence of sudden disturbance in general condition, resistant high fever and systemic inflammation findings in children with active rheumatic disease. Complete recovery can be provided with early and efficient treatment in macrophage activation syndrome which develops secondary to systemic juvenil idiopathic arthritis. (Turk Pediatri Ars 2015; 50: 206-10 ) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between thyroid hormone levels and obesity, lipid levels and weight changes. Patients and Methods: Five to eleven year old normal weight, overweight and obese children underwent measurements of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (fT4), lipid profile and autoimmune thyroid antibodies. Children with high TSH were reevaluated one year later without any intervention. Results: Three hundred children (126 obese, 74 overweight, 100 normal weight) were evaluated in the study. The rates of high TSH levels were 1.0% in normal weight, 9.5% in overweight and 11.9% in obese group (p=0.007). fT4 levels of all the children enrolled in the study were in normal range. None of the children had autoimmune antibody positivity. Obese children with high TSH had higher triglyceride levels than children with normal TSH (p=0.028). One year later, a significant decrease in body mass index (BMI) was accompanied by a significant decrease in TSH levels. Conclusion: TSH levels can be high in obese and overweight children. Obese and overweight children with elevated levels of TSH do not need to be treated pharmacologically, losing weight decreases TSH levels significantly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this study is the calculation of measurement uncertainty values of ten different biochemical parameters by using internal and external quality control datas with three different, but same model and trademark device and the comparison of these values with Fraser's and CLIA's total allowable error % (TEa%) values. Methods: In the calculation of measurement uncertainty, six step "uncertainty calculation model", that is defined in Nordest guide which is based on European Accreditation Guideline / 12 /, European Technical Report: 1 / 3 / and ISO / DTS 21748 Guideline / 8 / was used. Results: TEa% values of blood urea nitrogen for Device A, potassium values for Device B and albumin, creatinine, sodium and total protein values for Device C were found to be higher when compared to TEa% values of Fraser. TEa% of blood urea nitrogen, which has been calculated for Device A, B and C was found to be higher when compared to TEa% values of CLIA. TEa% values which has been calculated for glucose, AST, cholesterol and triglyceride in each three device was not found to be higher than TEa% values of CLIA and Fraser. Conclusion: Laboratories should establish the model for calculation of uncertainity measurement and evaluation criterias and take the analytical difference between devices under control. Also they should give the results which are not exceeding the targeted TEa% values and should inform the clinicians about it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Design: Psoriasis is a chronic, inflammatory disease that occurs with polygenic and other triggering factors. The association of psoriasis, which is considered to be a systemic disease, with other diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, hepatosteatosis, obesity, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia has been shown. Materials and Methods: In this study, we compared the levels of fasting blood glucose, serum lipid (total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglyceride), basal insulin, insulin resistance and body mass index as well as cigarette and alcohol consumption in 50 adult patients with those in 50 age- and gender-matched non-psoriatic controls. Results: In our study, metabolic syndrome was present in 62% patients with psoriasis, compared with 24% of the controls (p<0,001). In psoriatic patients with metabolic syndrome PASI median value was 13,6, whereas patients without metabolic syndrome PASI median value was 11,2 and the difference was statistically significant (p<0,001). Conclusion: In our study, the frequency of metabolic syndrome and its components diabetes mellitus, obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia were found to be higher in patients with psoriasis compared to that in non-psoriatic controls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the oil samples of Gemlik olive cultivar provided from different locations (n=10) were analysed by using chromatographic ([GLC] Fatty Acid [FA] and [HPLC] Triacyl Glycerol [TAG] profiles) and spectroscopic (Excitation-Emission [EX-EM] Fluorescence Spectroscopy) methods. The classification of monocultivar (Gemlik cv) olive oil samples were carried out by the most used chemometric (Principal Component Analysis, PCA and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis, HCA) techniques. The oils made of 10 monocultivar (Gemlik olive) samples were succesfully classified according to locations (as Marmara, Aegean and Mediterannean zones) based on FA and TAG profiles. Also, similar classification exhibited the results of Excitation-Emission [EX-EM] fluoresence spectroscopy for Gemlik olive cultivar. In additon, the spectroscopic methods could be exhibited promising effects for the correct classification of virgin olive oil was seen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent years studies on the use of diacylglycerol oil in as edible oil has become focus of attention. Diacylglycerol oil has liquid character and contains about 80-81% of diglycerides. Diacylglycerol oil is very similar to triacylglycerol oil in terms of physicochemical properties. Besides, it has unique crystallization and plasticity characteristics features for the development of new products. Human studies and animal feeding experiments have shown that diacylglycerol oil is metabolized in a different pathway than that of triacylglycerol oil. Therefore, diacylglycerol oil has been reported to be effective on decreasing body fat mass, suppression of hypertriglyceridemia together with hypertension, controlling fluctuations of blood serum lipids and insulin in high risk-group individuals for cardiovascular problems. This article provides information about the relationship between diacylglycerol oil and health [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of mineral administration on metabolic profiles in the cows during transition period. Twenty healthy pregnant cows under the same care and feeding conditions were used in the study. The animals were divided into two equal groups including 10 animals in each. The trace mineral injection was administered to the experimental group intramuscularly (20 ml/cow) on the beginning of the transition period. 20 ml isotonic sodium chloride was injected subcutaneously on beginning of the transition period in the control group as placebo. Blood samples were taken by venipuncture of the jugular vein on beginning of the transition period, parturition time and three after parturition, respectively. The NEFA, BHBA, albumin, glucose, T. cholesterol, VLDL-cholesterol, LDL- cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, AST, ALT, GGT, T. bilirubin, creatinine, BUN and T. protein levels were determined in the both groups as metabolic parameters. In conclusion, the mineral solution particularly contains selenium, copper, zinc and manganese that administrated on beginning of the transition period could be effective on metabolic parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of the Institute of Science & Technology of Dumlupinar University / Dumlupinar Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi is the property of Dumlupinar University, Institute of Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: When chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) deteriorates, lipid metabolism may worsen and serum triglyceride levels decrease in response to hypoxia. It was aimed to evaluate the relationship between severity of disease, emphysema pattern and serum triglyceride level. Material and Methods: The patients with stable COPD who had not additional clinical problem that could be the reason of malnutrition were included in the study. Serum triglyceride levels, spirometric, anthropometric and demographic characteristics of cases were recorded and evaluated prospectively. Results: A hundred patients (81/19 M/F) with stable COPD were evaluated. Mean serum triglyceride level was 109.7±12.2mg/dl. It was observed that serum triglyceride level correlated with the duration of disease (r=0.298; p=0.003), the number of hospitalization (r=0.199 p=0.047), retrosternal distance (r=0.214; p=0.033) negatively and with %FEV1(r=0.247; p=0.013), FEV1/FVC (r=0.212; p=0.035) and distances of intersinusal line to dome of diaphragm(r=0.286; p=0.004) positively. In 29 cases serum triglyceride levels were in normal range, but in 71 cases not. The values of %FEV1 (p=0.049) and %PEF (p=0.001) were found significantly lower than others in cases that serum triglyceride levels were out of normal range. Conclusion: Serum triglyceride level correlated with spirometric findings positively. It was observed that lower serum triglyceride level, so frequent emphysema pattern was. We think that serum triglyceride level might be effective parameter for evaluating severity of disease, emphysema pattern and systemic impacts of hypoxia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of egg shell colour of broiler parent stock on hatching results, chicken performance, carcass traits, internal organ weights and some blood parameters. In the experiment 1080 eggs were grouped into 3 egg shell colour classes (E<80.00: E: 80.00-83.50 and E>83.50) for investigate of hatching results. The number of 675 animal provided from incubated eggs was used in experiment. The experiment was designed with nine replicates. Hatching egg shell colour was significantly effected that: fertility (P<0.05), hatchability of fertile eggs (P<0.05), hatchability (P<0.05), 7th and 35th days chick live weight (P<0.01), 14th and 21st days chick live weight (P<0.05), egg shell thickness (P<0.01) and blood triglyceride value (P<0.01). In conclusion; it can be mentioned that the dark shell colour eggs gave better results in term of hatching results and developing characteristics in the experiment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Atypical antipsychotics (AAPs) have been reported to cause metabolic dysregulation that may result in AAPs-related weight gain. The purpose of this study was to assess triglyceride, cholesterol and weight changes among risperidone-treated child and youths. Methods: Eighty subjects treated with risperidone for any psychiatric disturbances were included in the study. Fasting total low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, (HDL-C), total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG) levels were measured at baseline and at 12 months of treatment. Results: There was no significant difference between baseline mean levels of TG, TC, HDL-C and LDL-C and twelfth months mean levels of TG, TC, HDL-C and LDL-C (respectively p=0.341, p=0.135, p=0.414, p=0.411, p=0.707). Comparison of baseline and 12 months data with respect to the age groups were presented in table 2. There was no significant association with age, gender, risperidone dose and changes of serum TG, TC, LDL-C or HDL-C levels. Conclusion: In conclusion, this study did not identify significant associations between dyslipidemia and one year risperidone treatment in children and adolescents. Because little long-term lipid profile follow-up is available with atypical antipsychotics treatment in youths, controlled studies in larger Objective: Atypical antipsychotics (AAPs) have been reported to cause metabolic dysregulation that may result in AAPs-related weight gain. The purpose of this study was to assess triglyceride, cholesterol and weight changes among risperidone-treated child and youths. Methods: Eighty subjects treated with risperidone for any psychiatric disturbances were included in the study. Fasting total low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, (HDL-C), total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG) levels were measured at baseline and at 12 months of treatment. Results: There was no significant difference between baseline mean levels of TG, TC, HDL-C and LDL-C and twelfth months mean levels of TG, TC, HDL-C and LDL-C (respectively p=0.341, p=0.135, p=0.414, p=0.411, p=0.707). Comparison of baseline and 12 months data with respect to the age groups were presented in table 2. There was no significant association with age, gender, risperidone dose and changes of serum TG, TC, LDL-C or HDL-C levels. Conclusion: In conclusion, this study did not identify significant associations between dyslipidemia and one year risperidone treatment in children and adolescents. Because little long-term lipid profile follow-up is available with atypical antipsychotics treatment in youths, controlled studies in larger samples should be carried out to reveal the frequency and the risk factors of dyslipidemia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Olive oil is obtained from the fruits of olive trees (Olea europaea L.) by mechanical procedures. In terms of value, it accounts for 30 % of the world trade in edible vegetable oils. Mediterranean members of the EU produce approximately 75 % of the world's olive oil. Turkey, not member of EU, is the world's 5th largest producer of olive oil (% 5). The consumption of olive oil, the main component of the Mediterranean diet, is increasing because of its nutritional quality and health effects. The beneficial effects of olive oil are attributed to its high content of monounsaturated fatty acids and antioxidants. Olive oil consists of triacylglycerols (98 %) and minor compounds (2 %). Tocopherols, phenols, sterols, hydrocarbon and flavor compounds are minor compounds found in olive oil. The quality of monovarietal olive oil varies on environmental (climate and soil), agronomic (irrigation and fertilization), cultivation (harvest and ripeness) and technological (storage and extraction) factors. The EU allows labelling of food products with growing areas, which could claim a typical quality based on geographical origin of product. Oils are certified with Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) label improving the commercial value of products. Since PDO olive oils have a much higher market price, they are subjected to frauds. To prevent frauds, the reference database are needed. Therefore, characterization of olive oils with respect to cultivar and geographical origin becomes more important in olive oil industry. The chemometric methods such as principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) are the methods utilized for the characterization and discrimination of olive oils according to the cultivar and geographic origin. In recent years, the numerous studies have conducted on the chemometric characterization of olive oils using physical and chemical parameters such as fatty acids, sterols, phenols and volatiles. Aegean Region, Marmara Region, Mediterranean Region and Southeasth Region are the olive growing region in Turkey. Aegeon region provides around 75-80 % of total olive oil production. Memecik and Ayvalik are the major cultivars grown in Aegean Region. In literature, the number of studies regarding the characterization of Turkish olive oils are limited. Only few chemical parameters (fatty acids and sterols etc.) were evaluated. Moreover, the chemometric classification of Turkish olive oils were performed only with respect to fatty acid composition. The characteristic aroma of olive oil depends on the volatile compounds. The C6 compounds (aldehydes, alcohols and esters) are enzimatically produced from linoleic and linolenic acids through the socalled lipoxygenase (LOX) pathway. Hexanal, hexanol and hexyl acetate derive from linoleic acid, whereas Z-3-hexenal, E-2-hexenal, Z-3-hexenol and Z-3-hexenyl acetate derive from linolenic acid. The C6 compounds are responsible for the "green" note. The profile of volatiles varies according to the enzymatic activity, which depends on the external factors such as environmental, cultivation and technological ones. To evaluate olive oil aroma, several methods are developed. Solid phase microextraction (SPME) is simple, fast and solvent-free technique integrating sampling, extraction and sample introduction into a single run. A short, thin, solid rod of fused silica, coated with adsorbent polymer is called SPME fiber, which is the same type of chemically inert fused silica used to make capillary GC columns. Various studies have been carried out on the characterization of volatile profile of virgin olive oils. Previous studies were mainly done on Spanish, Italian and French cultivars. However, there is a lack of data defining the volatile profile of Turkish olive oils. The aim of this study was to characterize the profile of volatiles of Turkish olive oils obtained from Ayvalik and Memecik cultivars. The objective of this study was also to classify olive oils with respect to cultivar using chemometric methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The association between mood disorders and serum lipid levels has been evaluated for many years. Recently, it has been showed that serum lipid levels may have seasonal changes. From here, we aimed to evaluate seasonality of serum lipids in bipolar disorder which may be related with episodic and seasonal features. Method: Mean serum lipid levels and seasonal differences of serum lipid levels were compared between 79 patients with bipolar disorder type I, who were followed in Rasit Tahsin Mood Disorders Outpatient Unit of Bakirköy Prof. Dr. Mazhar Osman Research and Training Hospital for Psychiatry, Neurology & Neurosurgery and 38 healthy controls, for one year. Results: Mean cholesterol and triglyceride levels were similar between patients and controls for all seasons. Mean serum HDL levels were lower for all seasons, except winter in patients with bipolar disorders. When seasonal changes in lipid levels were evaluated, the only significant difference among the two groups was changes in spring HDL levels. Conclusions: This is the first study that evaluates seasonality of lipid levels in bipolar patients, although it has some limitations. Long term, big sample-sized follow-up studies are required to get strong evidence for understanding aetiology of illness related with lipid levels among bipolar patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bu çalışmada, kontrollü/yaşayan radikal polimerizasyon tekniklerinden biri olan tersinir katılma - bölüşme zincir transfer polimerizasyon (reversible addition - fragmentation chain transfer polymerization - RAFT) tekniği kullanılarak hava üflenmiş keten yağının stirenlenmesi gerçekleştirilmiştir. RAFT ajanı (Zincir transfer ajanı) olarak Fenasil Morfolin Ditiokarbamat (PMDC) kullanılmıştır ve polimerizasyonda uygun miktarı belirlenmiştir. RAFT ajanı miktarı, peroksit gruplarının oluşturacağı serbest radikaller esas alınarak hesaplanmıştır. Polimerizasyonda, değişen miktarlarda PMDC kullanılarak, miktarın ürün özellikleri üzerine etkisi incelenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, ortamda oluşan serbest radikallere ekivalent miktarda PMDC kullanıldığında polimerizasyonun kontrol edilebildiği ve dar molekül ağırlığı dağılımının sağlandığı görülmüştür. Ekivalent miktardan daha fazla PMDC kullanıldığında ise polidispersitenin daha da düştüğü gözlenmiştir. Elde edilen stirenlenmiş yağ örnekleri GPC ve FTIR analizleri ile karakterize edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak RAFT polimerizasyon tekniği kullanılarak, polidispersitesi düşük (<1.5) ürünler elde edilmiştir. Bu yöntem ile elde edilen ürünlerin, klasik yöntemin tersine, homopolimer içermedikleri çapraz bağlı filmler üzerinden yapılan test ile anlaşılmıştır. Ayrıca elde edilen ürünlerin film özellikleri, ilgili standartlara göre incelenmiş ve klasik yöntem ile elde edilen ürünün film özellikleri ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Karşılaştırma sonucunda, RAFT tekniği kullanılarak elde edilen ürünlerin, klasik yöntem ile üretilene göre suya ve baza karşı daha dayanıklı oldukları ve kuruma süresinin daha kısa olduğu görülmüştür. Filmin daha kısa sürede kuruması yüzey kaplama endüstrisinde istenilen bir özelliktir. Ayrıca bu ürünlerin yapışma özelliği de klasik yöntem örneğine göre daha iyi çıkmıştır. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Yağlar bitki ve hayvanların içyapılarında oluşan, suda çözünmeyen ve ana komponenti trigliseridler olan doğal maddelerdir. Yapısal olarak trigliseridler, bir gliserol molekülünün üç yağ asidi molekülü ile oluşturduğu kondenzasyon ürünüdür. Boya endüstrisinde kullanılan, doymamış yağ asidi içeriği fazla olan keten yağı ve ayçiçek yağı gibi kuruyan ve yarı kuruyan yağlar zayıf film özelliklerine sahiptir. Yüzey kaplama uygulamalarında doğrudan olarak kullanılamayan bu yağlar alkaliye, aside, suya dayanıklılık ve yapışma gibi bazı özelliklerinin geliştirilmesiyle yüzey kaplama uygulamalarına elverişli hale getirilebilirler. Yağların homopolimerizasyon veya uygun vinil monomerleri ile kopolimerizasyonları sonucunda yüzey kaplama malzemesi olarak kullanılabilir hale dönüştürülürler. İyi film özelliklerine sahip bir organik yüzey kaplayıcı üretmek için bitkisel yağlarla yapılan kopolimerizasyon reaksiyonlarında en yaygın kullanılan monomer stirendir. Bu çalışmada, yarı kuruyan bitkisel yağların polimerizasyonu yeni bir yöntem ile yapılmıştır. İlk olarak bitkisel ayçiçek yağı belli bir oranda gliserin ile reaksiyona sokularak kısmi gliserid karışımı elde edilmiştir. Daha sonra elde edilen bu kısmi gliserid karışımı ile toluen diizosiyanat ve 2-hidroksietil metakrilat'ın reaksiyona girmesi sağlanarak makromer üretilmiştir. Bu makromerin yapısı FTIR ve GPC analizleri ile tespit edilmiştir. Elde edilen makromerin polimerizasyon ürünü elde edilmiş ve film özellikleri belirlenmiştir. Yapılan analizler sonucunda, bu ürünün film özellikleri açısından kaplama malzemesi olarak kullanılabilecek nitelikte olduğu anlaşılmıştır. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: In this study, it is aimed to compare the alterations of serum lipid levels and hepatic enzymes associated with typical and atypical antipsychotic drugs in psychiatric patients. Method: Chart reviews of inpatients followed-up at Psychiatry Department of Ankara AtaturkEducation and Research Hospital from January 2008 to January 2009 were examined in detail. Ninety eight (44 male and 54 female) patients whose baseline and follow-up lipid profiles (LDL, HDL, triglyceride, total cholesterol) and liver function tests including ALT, AST, GGT and LDH that were measured before and after the treatment period of one month and who had not used any drug less than one week (or not administrated depot antipsychotics less than one month) were enrolled to the study. Findings: The repartition according to treatment is as follows: olanzapine (n=34), risperidone (n=15), and quetiapine (n=15), aripiprazole (n=12) and typical antipsychotics (n=22). There is no significant increase in AST, GGT and LDH enzyme levels between the typical and atypical antipsychotics at the end of the first month of study. It was also observed, there is a significant increase of ALT level in the group of olanzapine. While there was a significant increasing in serum triglyceride and total cholesterol levels in typical antipsychotic and olanzapine groups after treatment, it was revealed no significant difference in other antipsychotic groups. Although significant weight gain was detected after treatment in all antipsychotic groups, it was found most in olanzapine taking group. Discussion and Conclusion: Schizophrenic patients have more cardiovascular risk factor compared with normal population. Therefore, it is required to be careful when choosing an antipsychotic in the schizophrenic patients with dyslipidemia and obesity. Also, our findings suggest that olanzapine in short-term treatment may lead to evidence of asymptomatic liver function test abnormalities, however, it rarely may cause marked liver function test abnormalities at therapeutic doses. Therefore, evaluating the liver enzymes in patients who use antipsychotics in regular intervals seems to be important [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between lipid levels and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women Methods: We studied 276 postmenopausal women aged 45- 65 years (mean 54 years) who attended Duzce University faculty of medicine physical medicine and rehabilitation polyclinic. Bone mineral density in the lumbar spine and femur neck were measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Serum cholesterol, lipoproteins and triglyceride were assessed on a blood sample obtained after a 12-hour fast. All participants were given a questionnaire to answer on various risk factors for osteoporosis. Participants who reported the use of hormone replacement therapy and lipid lowering therapy were excluded. Statistically significant associations were found by SPSS 11.0 and p<0.05 was significant. Results: At baseline serum lipoproteins, total cholesterol and triglycerides didn't show significant correlation with bone mineral density at femur neck and lumbar spine. (Both p>0,05) higher body mass index is associated with higher bone mineral density at femur neck and lumbar spine (both p values <0,001). Conclusion: There is no significant relation between bone mineral density and lipid levels in postmenopausal women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: To determine the relation of serum magnesium level with metabolic and clinical parameters in obese children. Materials and Methods: Children presenting with weight gain whose BMI was over 95th percentile (obese children) and children with BMI lower than 85th percentile (non-obese) were included to the study. Taking drugs or having a history or evidence of chronic diseases, syndromal or endocrine causes of obesity were excluded. Weight and height were measured for comparing the anthropometric values. For laboratory evaluation, fasting serum glucose, insulin, lipid profile and serum magnesium levels were measured. We compared the differences in between obese and lean groups with Student's t-test and Pearson's correlation analysis was used to compare the variables. The value of p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 80 obese children (10.2±2.7 years of age, 40 male patients) and 60 age and gender matched lean children (10.9±2.6, years of age, 30 male patients) were included in this study. The obese subjects had significantly higher serum magnesium, insulin, HOMA-IR, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and HDL-cholesterol levels than the lean subjects (p<0.05), while there were no significant differences between glucose and LDL-cholesterol levels (p>0.05). In obese group serum magnesium level significantly correlated with only SDS-BMI (p<0.05), while there were no correlation between BMI, total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, fasting glucose, and insulin levels (p>0.05). Conclusions: In accordance with previous studies, the present study supports the finding that serum magnesium levels are lower in children with obesity compared to healthy controls. On the other hand, we did not find a correlation between serum magnesium levels and insulin resistance and lipid levels. In conclusion, obese children should ingest adequate a mounts of magnesium in order to prevent complications associated with low magnesium levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) and components of MS and to evaluate the relation between MS and functional state in patients with RA. Material and Methods: A total of 138 patients (71 with rheumatoid arthritis, 67 controls) were included in this study. The diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis was made according to the criteria of the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) for Rheumatoid Arthritis, and the diagnosis of MS was made according to the diagnostic criteria of the American Medical Association Summary of the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III Report (NCEP ATP III). The functional status of patients was determined according to Steinbrocker functional classification. Results: MS was found in 28 (28.4% and 16% in rheumatoid arthritis patients and control group, respectively). No differences between these two groups were determined. According to Steinbrocker functional classification, 93% of cases with rheumatoid arthritis were in stage 1 or stage 2. Systolic blood pressure levels and triglycerides were found significantly higher in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. No differences among the other MS components were determined. Although the fasting blood glucose levels and erythrocyte sedimentation rates were found higher in the patients that had been using corticosteroids, this use of the drug did not cause any significant increase in MS prevalence. Conclusion: Although the systolic blood pressure levels and triglyceride levels were found higher in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, no differences in the prevalence of MS between the two groups was determined. A positive correlation between prevalence of MS and worsening of functional status was found in patients with RA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AIM: It was documented that smoking was a significant atherosclerotic risk factor for adults. However reality of the initiation of atherosclerosis at childhood guided us to evaluate the probable effects of smoking on other atherosclerotic risk factors at young ages. METHODS: One hundred sixty four young subjects (age 21.14± 2.06) were enrolled. Participants were grouped as not smoking (n=48), ex-smoking (n=30), 1-3 cigarettes/day (n=26), a half package/day (n=26), a package/day (n=34). Body mass index (BMI) of subjects were calculated. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures (SBP, DBP) were measured. Carotid intima media thickness (IMT) was measured by Logic5 pro Colour Doppler Device. Total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglyceride levels of subjects were measured from the serum obtained at 12 hour fasting state. IMT and IVSd were measured by transverse and 3S probes using. Statistical analysis was performed by One-way ANOVA test using SPSS 11.0 for Windows. RESULTS: BMI, SBP, and DBP were not different between groups (p=0.16). HDL cholesterol was significantly lowered whereas LDL cholesterol was significantly increased in group smoking one package/day. Also carotid IMT was increased in patients smoking one package/day compared to others but data was not statistically significant. Triglyceride level group. CONCLUSION: Smoking effects atherosclerotic risk factors unfavorably even at young ages. Thus smoking should be eradicated since earlier ages in order to reduce the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Malnutrition is very widespread factor which affects to prognosis in COPD. We expect that serum triglyceride level might be pointer of malnutrition and correlates with the prognosis of disease. Objective: In our study we aimed to evaluate the relationship between serum triglyceride level and pulmonary functions in the patients with acute exacerbation of COPD. Method: Subjects with acute exacerbation of COPD which were treated in our clinic between March 2004 and December 2006, were evaluated retrospectively. Demographic characteristics, clinical findings, serum triglyceride levels, sputum culture results and spirometric outcomes of the patients were recorded. Results: Patients (the mean age 68.5±8,7 years) who were treated in our clinic with the acute exacerbation of COPD, were included to study. Positive correlation was determinated between serum triglyceride level and Body Mass Index (BMI)(r=0.246 ve p=0.044). Serum triglyceride level was found significantly higher in objects who had normal BMI than objects who had lower BMI. Also were found that serum triglyceride level correlated with FEV1 (r=0.263 and p=0.037), %FEV1(r=0.281 and p=0.026) and %PEF(r=0.372 and p=0.004) positively. Cigarette packet years correlated with serum triglyceride level (r=-0.284 and p=0.010) and BMI values(r=-0.302 and p=0.008) negatively. In 37(%36.3) of all objects were isolated microorganisms in their sputum culture. Serum triglyceride levels of the objects who were isolated microorganism (91.5±5.1 mg/dL) in their sputum culture were found significantly lower (p=0.010) than weren't isolated (121.3±5.1mg/dL). Conclusion: There is significantly relationship between serum triglyceride level and severity of disease. We suggest that serum triglyceride level might be effective parameter for evaluating malnutrition in COPD. (The Archives of Lung 2007; 8: 106-10) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]