144 results on '"TAX REVENUES"'
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2. 2007-2022 Yıllarında Vergi Aflarının Gerçekleşen ve Tahmini Vergi Gelirleri ile Ekonomik Büyüme Oranları İlişkisi.
- Author
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UZUNALİ, Emine Kızıltaş and ATAKER, Muhammed Emin
- Abstract
Copyright of Scientific Journal of Finance & Financial Law Studies is the property of Scientific Journal of Finance & Financial Law Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
3. ELEKTRONİK VERGİ UYGULAMALARININ VERGİ GELİRLERİ ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİNE İLİŞKİN GELİR VERGİSİ MÜKELLEFLERİNİN ALGISININ ÖLÇÜLMESİNE YÖNELİK BİR ARAŞTIRMA.
- Author
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BOSTAN, Muhammed Kemal and KIZILKAYA, Arzu
- Subjects
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PUBLIC finance , *TAXPAYER compliance , *INTERNAL revenue , *RELATED party transactions , *QUALITY of service , *ELECTRONIC filing of tax returns - Abstract
Taxes are at the top of the public revenues that the state needs in order to finance the public services it provides. The correct execution of the taxation process and its support with auditing are of great importance for the prevention of public deficits. Performing taxation transactions correctly and fulfilling their obligations under appropriate conditions are the main expectations of taxpayers from the process. In today's conditions, where information technologies are more advanced than ever before, it is seen that the taxation process and other related transactions and the parties of the tax also take their share from these developments. The Tax Office Automation Project (VEDOP) has been developed for purposes such as increasing the service quality, ensuring taxpayer satisfaction and increasing voluntary tax compliance. With the project, which covers electronic applications, it is aimed to provide fast, low-cost, effective and efficient service by transferring many taxation transactions to the electronic environment. In this context, in this study, measuring the perception of income taxpayers regarding the effect of electronic tax applications on tax revenues was examined using the survey technique. Within the scope of the review, a study was carried out on 200 taxpayers based on the Central Anatolia region. As a result, it has emerged that electronic tax applications are advanced in terms of functionality, use and benefit, and e-applications are useful for taxpayers. In addition, it was predicted that these practices contributed to the increase of tax revenue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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4. Küreselleşmenin Vergi Gelirleri Üzerindeki Etkisi: AB Üyesi Geçiş Ekonomileri Örneği.
- Author
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KARAŞ, Ebru
- Subjects
INTERNAL revenue ,CAPITALISM ,FISCAL policy ,BUSINESS tax ,ECONOMIC structure - Abstract
Copyright of Journal of Social Sciences Research / Sosyal Bilimler Arastirmalari Dergisi is the property of ODU Journal of Social Sciences Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Türkiye'de Asgari Ücret Kadarının Vergi Dışı Bırakılmasının Ekonomik Büyüklüklere Etkisinin Ampirik Analizi.
- Author
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YAVİLİOĞLU KAYA, Yağmur, KIZILKAYA, Arzu, and YILDIZ, Seyfi
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INCOME distribution , *MINIMUM wage , *TIME series analysis , *ECONOMIC impact , *INTERNAL revenue , *CONSUMER price indexes - Abstract
The minimum wage is defined as the lowest wage determined at the level of meeting the basic needs of a person. Minimum wage for the state; While it is an important policy tool for ensuring justice in income distribution, it is a cost factor for the employer and important for the employee to maintain his life. It has become a topic that keeps its agenda, especially in recent years. In addition, the minimum wage closely concerns and affects the economic factors of the country. It is observed that the increase in the minimum wage causes changes in issues such as inflation, expenditures, tax revenues, growth and employment. In this study, the effects of changes in macroeconomic variables on the exclusion of the minimum wage from taxes were investigated. For this purpose, 25-year data set obtained from TUIK, based on the years 1997-2022 of Turkey, was used and the effects on the country's economy were studied by using the time series analysis method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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6. Türkiye’de Mali Alanın Siyasi Konjonktür Çerçevesinde Analizi (2000-2021).
- Author
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Çelen, Mustafa, Güner, Ayşe, and Yılmaz, Serdar
- Subjects
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INDIRECT taxation , *INTERNAL revenue , *SOCIAL finance , *DIRECT taxation , *COVID-19 pandemic - Abstract
The concept of fiscal space has gained prominence in the literature since the early 2000s. Although it was originally perceived as a tool to create additional resources in only developing countries, the concept also became important in developed countries with the 2008 economic crisis and COVID-19 pandemic. This article reviews the literature on fiscal space, including various definitions and explains the efforts to create fiscal space in countries. The article analyzes revenue and expenditure policies of Türkiye by using the methodology of Peter Heller. In terms of revenue policy, tax revenues fluctuated around 24 percent. Between direct and indirect tax proceeds, there has been a swamp between direct and indirect taxes—direct tax revenues becoming less important. In terms of expenditure policy, the decline in interest payments due to the stabilization policies pursued by the government has created space to finance social service expenditures, such as education, healthcare, and social protection. Under the light of these developments, we analyze the fiscal space creation efforts of the government. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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7. ENFLASYON, ENFLASYON OYNAKLIĞI VE VERGİ GELİRLERİ ARASINDAKİ DİNAMİK İLİŞKİLER: TÜRKİYE ÖRNEĞİ.
- Author
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KOÇAK, Sinem, KARIŞ, Çiğdem, and ÇİL, Dilek
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VECTOR autoregression model , *PRICE inflation , *ECONOMIC expansion , *COINTEGRATION , *INFLATION targeting - Abstract
Inflation may have a detrimental impact on the economy through a variety of avenues, including economic growth. One of the adverse effects of high inflation on the economy is inflation volatility. The aim of the study is to investigate the relationships among inflation, inflation uncertainty and tax revenues by using the Johansen ve Juselius cointegration test and Vector Autoregressive (VAR) model. The annual data set covered the period of 1965-2019 was utilized in the study. In the first stage of the econometric analysis, inflation uncertainty was measured with the conditional variance series obtained from the EGARCH method, and then the stationarity properties of the variables were examined using Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) and Philips-Perron (PP) unit root tests. The results obtained from the VAR model, which was created by taking into account the stationarity levels of the variables, revealed that the inflation uncertainty, which is largely caused by the inflation rate, has an effect on tax revenues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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8. Vergi Aflarının Vergi Gelirlerine Etkisi Üzerine Ampirik Bir İnceleme.
- Author
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Gözen, Serhat and Temür, Yusuf
- Abstract
Copyright of Journal of Emerging Economies & Policy is the property of JOEEP: Journal of Emerging Economies & Policy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2022
9. Covid-19 Pandemisinin Vergi Gelirleri Üzerindeki Etkisi.
- Author
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Bişgin, Aytül
- Subjects
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TIME series analysis , *INTERNAL revenue , *PUBLIC spending , *PUBLIC finance , *COVID-19 pandemic - Abstract
The collection of tax revenues by governments serves many purposes. Although taxes are essentially used to finance public expenditures, they are also an instrument for achieving economic and social purposes. Therefore, tax revenues have an important function in achieving these goals. On the other hand, unpredictable situations such as natural disasters have a very negative impact on the country's economy. The Covid-19 pandemic that broke out in China at the end of 2019 and shook the world, was one of these disasters, and had a negative impact on the economies of countries around the world. In this study, the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on tax revenues in Turkey was determined. In the present study, using the time series analysis method, the single break Lee-Strazicich structural unit root test was used to determine whether the variables were stationary or not, and the Gregory-Hansen cointegration test was used to determine whether there was a cointegration relationship between the variables. As a result of the longrun FMOLS, DOLS and CCR estimates of the structural break cointegration analysis of the variables, a statistically significant and negative impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on tax revenues was found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
10. TÜRKİYE'DE MALİYE POLİTİKALARININ EKONOMİK BÜYÜMEYE ETKİSİ: AMPİRİK BİR ANALİZ.
- Author
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YAVUZER, M. Taylan and PEKER, Osman
- Subjects
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PUBLIC spending , *DIRECT taxation , *INDIRECT taxation , *INTERNAL revenue , *CONSUMPTION tax - Abstract
In this study, the impact of public spending and tax revenues on growth in Turkey, based on 2006:Q1-2020:Q1 period, has been analyzed by Johansen cointegration method. According to the findings obtained from the long-term estimation results, a 1% increase in public expenditures in Model 1 have increased the growth by 1.1%. In Model 2, the effect of public expenditures on growth have been positive and statistically significant, the effect of the crisis is in the opposite direction of the expectations, statistically insignificant. In Model 3, a 1% increase in indirect taxes have increased the growth by 0.88%; 1% increase in direct taxes have increased the growth by 0.17%. According to the results of Model 4, the effect of direct taxes on growth was found to be negative as predicted. Contrary to what was predicted, the impact of the crisis on growth has been positive and significant. According to short run estimates, the error term of all models has been negative and statistically significant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. EKONOMİK ÖZGÜRLÜĞÜN DOĞRUDAN YABANCI YATIRIMLAR, GAYRI SAFİ YURTİÇİ HASILA VE VERGİ GELİRLERİ ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ: OECD ÜLKELERİNDEN KANITLAR.
- Author
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KÖSTEKÇİ, Üyesi Ahmet
- Subjects
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ECONOMIC liberty , *FOREIGN investments , *INTERNAL revenue , *GROSS domestic product , *COINTEGRATION - Abstract
The aim of the study is to investigate the effect of economic freedom on foreign direct investment, gross domestic product (GDP) and tax revenues. A data set which consistf of 37 OECD countries based on the period 1995-2019 is used to examine the relationship between variables. In the research, where the cointegration relation between the series is examined with the Banerjee and Carrion-i-Silvestre (2017) panel cointegration test, it is determined that there is a cointegration relationship in all models throughout the panel. According to the cointegration coefficient estimation results, economic freedom affected foreign direct investments negatively and GDP positively. The effect of economic freedom on tax revenues is positive but statistically insignificant. According to the panel causality tests of Konya (2006) and Dumitrescu and Hurlin (2012), in OECD countries it is observed that there are causality relations from economic freedom to foreign direct investments, GDP and tax revenues. While the findings of the panel and results obtained on individual basis partially support the hypothesis, it also revealed that these results cannot be generalized to all OECD countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. TÜRKİYE'DE DOLAYLI VERGİ VE EKONOMİK BÜYÜME İLİŞKİSİ: ARDL SINIR TESTİ YAKLAŞIMI.
- Author
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GÜLCEMAL, Tuba
- Subjects
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INDIRECT taxation , *PUBLIC spending , *INTERNAL revenue , *DIRECT taxation , *ECONOMIC expansion - Abstract
Taxes are monetary values collected by the government from both individuals and entities in order to fund public expenditures. Indirect and direct tax revenues are powerful tools that can be used to achieve a country's various macroeconomic goals over time. While these objectives may include high economic growth, they may also include improving basic macroeconomic indicators. Only the effect of indirect tax revenues on long-term economic growth in Turkey is been investigated in this study using the ARDL cointegration boundary test and Toda Yamamoto causality test for the 1990-2020 time periods. It has been concluded that there is a cointegration relationship between indirect tax and economic growth, and that a one-unit increase in indirect tax leads to a 0.70-unit increase in GDP. According to causality analysis, while there is no causality from indirect taxes to economic growth, economic growth is the cause of indirect taxes. The study's findings provide policymakers with information about the impact of indirect taxes on economic growth when making taxation decisions. Although there are studies that measure the effects of various types of taxes on economic growth in different countries, the number of studies explored the influence of indirect taxes on economic growth in Turkey is limited. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
13. DOLAYLI VERGİLERİN ENFLASYON İLE İLİŞKİSİ: TÜRKİYE DENEYİMLERİ.
- Author
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Hazman, Gülsüm Gürler and Bıçaksız, Almina Derya
- Abstract
Copyright of Journal of Economics Business & Finance Research / Ekonomi İşletme ve Maliye Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of Irfan Ersin and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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14. Does More Globalization Mean More Tax Revenue?: Long-run Evidence From Turkey.
- Author
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Unver, Mustafa and Koyuncu, Julide Yalcinkaya
- Subjects
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INTERNAL revenue , *GLOBALIZATION , *TAX collection - Abstract
In this study, we investigate the long-run relationship between globalization and tax revenue in Turkey by using ARDL method and annual dataset spanning from 1972 to 2018. Our hypothesis claim that higher degree of globalization leads to collection of more tax revenue in Turkey in the long run. ARDL boundary test results disclose that globalization and tax revenue are co-integrated and thus they move together in the long run. Moreover, estimation results of long-run coefficients imply that there is a statistically significant positive relationship between globalization and tax revenue in Turkey in the long-run. In other words, higher degree of globalization means collection of more tax revenue in Turkey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
15. Finansal Gelişmenin Vergi Gelirleri Üzerine Etkisi: Geçiş Ekonomileri Örneği.
- Author
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Efeoğlu, Rabia
- Subjects
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INTERNAL revenue , *TRANSITION economies , *COINTEGRATION , *PANEL analysis , *DATA analysis - Abstract
The aim of the study is to examine the impact of financial development on tax revenues in 22 transition economies using the data set covering the period 2004-2018. Westerlund panel cointegration test and Dumitrescu and Hurlin panel causality test were applied to analyze the relationship between the two variables. The findings obtained from the study reveal the existence of a cointegration relationship between financial development and tax revenue in transition economies. Country-specific findings were obtained by estimating the cointegration coefficients of both the entire panel and the country with the Pesaran (2006) CCE method. Estimation results show that financial development has a positive and significant effect on tax revenues in transition economies. However, it has been determined that there are coefficients showing that financial development may have a negative effect as well as a positive effect on tax revenues. According to Dumitrescu and Hurlin panel causality results, there is a two-way causality relationship between financial development and tax revenues. As a result, it can be said that a developing financial system in transition economies tends to increase tax revenues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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16. Ekonomik Özgürlüğün Vergi Gelirleri Üzerine Etkisi: OECD Kurucu Ülkeleri Üzerine Ampirik Bir Çalışma.
- Author
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Keyifli, Nazlı
- Subjects
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ECONOMIC liberty , *INTERNAL revenue , *MOMENTS method (Statistics) , *GOVERNMENT revenue , *INTERNAL revenue law - Abstract
This study aims to empirically analyze the effect of the economic freedom index and its sub-components on tax revenues. The study covers the founding 20 OECD member countries and the period 2000-2020. The analysis tax revenues (% GDP) is used as dependent variable. The index of economic freedom and the sub-components of the index, namely rule of law, regulatory efficiency, government size and market openness, are used as independent variables. The results of the study obtained by employing Two-Stage System Generalized Moments Method analysis reveal that regulatory efficiency and market openness, which are the subcomponents of economic freedom and index, have statistically significant and positive effects on tax revenues; government size has statistically significant and negative effects; It reveals that there is no statistically significant relationship between the rule of law and tax revenues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
17. ULUSLARARASI İŞGÜCÜ GÖÇLERİNİN EKONOMİK ETKİLERİ: İŞSİZLİK, VERGİ GELİRLERİ, VERİMLİLİK.
- Author
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ŞAHİN, Levent and ŞEN, Ali
- Subjects
INTERNAL revenue ,EMIGRATION & immigration ,SOCIAL unrest ,PANEL analysis ,UNEMPLOYMENT ,PRODUCTIVITY accounting ,FINANCE - Abstract
Copyright of Journal of Administrative Sciences / Yonetim Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Canakkale Onsekiz Mart Universitesi, Terzioglu Kampusu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. VERGİ GELİRLERİ, KENTLEŞME VE DEMOKRASİ: G20 ÜLKELERİ ÜZERİNE EKONOMETRİK BİR ÇALIŞMA.
- Author
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ÖZHAN, Mahir and KEYİFLİ, Nazlı
- Subjects
- *
INTERNAL revenue , *FISCAL policy , *MOMENTS method (Statistics) , *URBANIZATION , *INDEPENDENT variables ,GROUP of Twenty countries - Abstract
In this study, the effects of urbanization and democracy factors on tax revenues are examined empirically in terms of G20 countries. For this purpose, a survey was conducted for G20 country covering the period 2005-2018. The dependent variable of the study is tax revenues (% GDP). As independent variables, the urbanization rate, the level of democracy, GDP per capita, commercial openness, and differently from studies in the literature the moderator effect of democracy and urbanization were used. The findings obtained by using the System-Generalized Moments Method (GMM) estimator reveal that the urbanization rate and the level of democracy have statistically significant and positive effects on tax revenues. In summary, it is seen that the preferences of different classes are effective in the tax policies applied / to be applied in the said countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
19. DOĞRUDAN YABANCI YATIRIMLAR, VERGİ GELİRLERİ VE EKONOMİK BÜYÜME İLİŞKİSİ: KIRILGAN BEŞLİ ÜLKELER ÖRNEĞİ.
- Author
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SAĞDIÇ, Ersin Nail, YILDIZ, Fazlı, and SAYIN, Hasan Hüseyin
- Subjects
- *
ECONOMIC expansion , *FOREIGN investments , *INTERNAL revenue , *ECONOMIC policy , *PANEL analysis - Abstract
The aim of the study is to test the relationship between tax revenues, foreign direct investments and economic growth, using panel cointegration and panel causality analyses for fragile five countries (Brazil, Indonesia, India, South Africa, Turkey) for the period of 1980-2018. Panel cointegration test results show that there is long term relationship between the variables. Panel VECM causality test results also show that there is a bidirectional causal relationship between tax revenues and economic growth in the long term while there is a one-way causality relationship from economic growth to tax revenues in the short term. Moreover, panel VECM causality analysis results show that there is a one-way causality relationship from foreign direct investments to both economic growth and tax revenues in the long term. These findings reveal that economic policies regarding the economic growth, tax revenues and foreign direct investments for these countries is more effective in the long term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Vergi Gelirlerini Etkileyen Bir Faktör Olarak Ekonomik Özgürlükler: OECD Ülkeleri Üzerinde Bir Analiz.
- Author
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BAHTİYAR, Ercan and ODABAŞ, Hakkı
- Subjects
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INTERNAL revenue , *ECONOMIC liberty , *DECISION making , *COINTEGRATION , *PANEL analysis - Abstract
It is envisaged that an economically free society is a developed society. In developed societies, it is seen that the tax revenues are equally high as the rate of development level. In this regard, the relationship between economic freedoms and tax revenues stems from the fact that every individual in the society is aware that they are taxed fairly, making their economic decisions freely, without any interference. In this study, using the data of 32 OECD countries between 1996-2016, the long-term relationship between tax revenues and economic freedom was investigated along with other factors that determine tax revenues. The longterm relationship among these variables was tested by Pedroni (1999), Kao (1999) and Johansen - Fisher panel cointegration tests and long-term equation estimatiors that are FMOLS and DOLS. According to the results of the analysis, it was concluded that there was a long-term relationship between economic freedoms and tax revenues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Türkiye'de İktisadi Krizlerin Toplam Vergi Gelirleri Üzerindeki Etkisi.
- Author
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ARSLAN, Ahmet, CANPOLAT, Esra, and ATEŞ, Müge Seda
- Subjects
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INCOME , *GOVERNMENT revenue , *FINANCIAL crises , *FISCAL policy , *TAX cuts - Abstract
Taxes have great importance among fiscal policy instruments for ensuring economic stability. Developing countries such as Turkey are affected by economic eventsand their tax revenues may fluctuate during periods of economic crises. In this study, the relationship between Turkey's tax revenues and per capita gross domestic product, informal economy, economic growth and crises by using the least squares method for the period 1988-2016. According to the results obtained, while the relationship between the tax revenues and per capita gross domestic product is observed to be in the same direction, the relationship between tax revenues and informal economy and economic growth variables is found to be in opposite direction. Additionally, the 1990, 1994 and2008 crises are found to have a negative effect on tax revenues. However, no significant effect of the 2001 crisis is found on tax revenues. Our findings suggest that governments need to take measures to increase personal income, adjust tax tariff structures in order to facilitate income flexibility, apply tax reductions, reduce tax losses and evasions, as well asincrease tax awareness and tax morale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
22. Türkiye'nin GSYİH Büyümesinin Karışık Veri Örnekleme (MIDAS) Yöntemi ile Öngörüsü.
- Author
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ERDOĞDU, HAMZA
- Subjects
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INTERNAL revenue , *ECONOMICS literature , *GROSS domestic product , *SERVICE economy , *INDEPENDENT variables - Abstract
Referring to the monetary value of the final goods and services produced in an economy within a country's borders in a certain period, Gross Domestic Product (GDP), is one of the macroeconomic indicators that have been studied and its forecast to be modeled in the economics literature for many years. This study aims to forecast Turkey's GDP growth, using monthly tax revenues, in the period of 2006.Q1 - 2018.Q3 with Mixed Data Sampling (MIDAS) approach. The MIDAS methodology, eliminating the need to have the same frequency of dependent and independent variables which is a must in the traditional regression approach, allows the use of different frequency data in the same model. For this purpose, the aggregatedregression model and alternative MIDAS models were estimated and their forecasts were performed. Considering the performance of forecast models, it seems that among the MIDAS models the PGM-Almon model provides better results in forecasting GDP growth of Turkey's economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
23. COVID-19 SALGINININ VERGİ GELİRLERİNE ETKİSİ.
- Author
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ÖZCAN, Yunus
- Subjects
BUSINESS cycles ,COVID-19 pandemic ,INTERNAL revenue ,GOVERNMENT revenue ,PUBLIC spending - Abstract
Copyright of Istanbul Commerce University Journal of Social Sciences / İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi is the property of Istanbul Commerce University Journal of Social Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2020
24. TÜRKİYE'DE BAŞLICA EKONOMİK DEĞİŞKENLERİN VERGİ GELİRLERİ ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ: ÇOKLU DOĞRUSAL REGRESYON ANALİZİ.
- Author
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ÖZTÜRK, Ömer Faruk, ŞAŞMAZ, Mahmut Ünsal, BAYAR, Yılmaz, and ODABAŞ, Hakkı
- Subjects
INTERNAL revenue ,TIME series analysis ,INFORMAL sector ,PUBLIC sector ,SOCIOCULTURAL factors - Abstract
Copyright of Journal of Turkish Court of Accounts / Sayistay Dergisi is the property of Turkish Court of Accounts and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2019
25. Ekonomik Büyüme ile Vergi Gelirleri Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi: Türkiye Örneği.
- Author
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POLAT, Mehmet Ali
- Subjects
INTERNAL revenue ,INCOME tax ,REGRESSION analysis ,ECONOMIC development ,TAX collection - Abstract
Copyright of Itobiad: Journal of the Human & Social Science Researches / İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of Itobiad: Journal of the Human & Social Science Researches and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. VERGİ GELİRLERİNİ BELİRLEYEN FAKTÖRLERİN BÖLGESEL ANALİZİ: TÜRKİYE ÖRNEĞİ.
- Author
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SAĞDIÇ, Ersin Nail
- Abstract
Taxes are among the main sources of finance needed by a state to fulfil its essential and other duties. Taxes are not only a public revenue, but they are also an important tool that has an effect in political, financial, social and economic scales. In this sense, the factors that affect and determine the tax revenues, comprising an important part of a state's revenues and having an influential role in both economy and other fields, carry a huge importance for countries. Thus, the basic starting point of this study is to examine and analyse tax revenues, which are the reason or result of various economic facts or events and which are the most important source of finance as well, on the basis of Turkey. The purpose of this study is to identify the determinants of tax revenues and analyse the effects of these determinants on tax revenues. Due to the data constraint in Turkey, the analysis has been categorized on the basis of provinces between the years of 1990-2001 and on the basis of 26 Development Regions between 2004 and 2011. According to the results, GDP per capita, the shares of industry and service sectors in GDP and the ratio of export plus imports to GDP positively affect tax revenues in Turkey. On the other hand, it has been identified that taxes are not collected by efficiently in agriculture sector on a regional scale and that this process affects tax revenues in a negative way. Similarly, public expenditures also affect the regional tax revenues negatively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
27. An Empirical Review Over Effects Of Tax Amnesties On Tax Revenues
- Author
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GÖZEN, Serhat and TEMÜR, Yusuf
- Subjects
Vergi Affı ,Vergi Uyumu ,Vergi Gelirleri ,VECM Analizi ,Tax Amnesties ,Tax Compliance ,Tax Revenues ,VECM Analysis ,Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary ,Sosyal Bilimler, Disiplinler Arası - Abstract
20. yy. ikinci yarısından itibaren pek çok ülkede başta ekonomik olmak üzere siyasal, mali, ekonomik, psikolojik ve sosyal nedenlerle vergi afları uygulandığı görülmektedir. Ancak sıklıkla uygulanan vergi afları mükellefler için faydalı bir uygulama olurken kamu gelirinin zamanında ve tam olarak tahsil edilmesi noktasında aksaklık oluşturabilmektedir. Öyle ki bu durum mükelleflerin vergiye uyumunu olumsuz etkileyebilmektedir. Bu durumda Türkiye’de 1924-2017 döneminde 36 tane vergi affına yönelik kanunun yürürlüğü girdiği de dikkate alındığında bu durumun vergi gelirlerine olan etkisi de muhakkak önemli bir sonuca işaret edecektir. Bu nedenle çalışmada vergi afları ve vergi gelirleri arasındaki ilişkinin niceliksel olarak ortaya konulması amaçlanmaktadır. 1980-2016 yılları için yapılan Vektör Hata Düzeltme Modeli (VECM) ile vergi aflarının vergi gelirleri üzerindeki etkisi analiz edilmiştir. VECM analiziyle vergi aflarının vergi gelirleri üzerindeki etkisinin oldukça düşük olduğu tespit edilmiştir., Since the second half of the 20th century, tax amnesties have been applied in many countries for primarily economic, political, financial, economic, psychological and social reasons. However, while tax amnesties, which are frequently applied, are a beneficial practice for taxpayers, they may cause disruption in the timely and full collection of public revenues. It is a fact that this situation affects taxpayers' tax compliance negatively. In this case, considering that 36 tax amnesty laws entered into force in Turkey between 1924 and 2017, the effect of this situation on tax revenues will certainly point to an important result. For this reason, it is aimed to quantitatively reveal the relationship between tax amnesties and tax revenues in this study. With the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) made for the years 1980-2016, the effect of tax amnesties on tax revenues was analyzed. In the VECM analysis, it is seen that the effect of tax amnesties on tax revenues is quite low.
- Published
- 2022
28. Küreselleşme Sürecinde Türkiye'de Vergi Politikaları ve Vergi Gelirlerinin Bileşimindeki Değişim.
- Author
-
İNNECİ, Ahmet and KARABULUT, Şahin
- Abstract
Copyright of Çankırı Karatekin University Journal of the Faculty of Economics & Administrative Sciences is the property of Cankiri Karatekin University, Faculty of Economics & Administrative Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Search of optimal taxation in Turkey: A model and application
- Author
-
Çimen, Gamze, Giray, Filiz, and Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü/Maliye Anabilim Dalı/Maliye Teorisi Bilim Dalı.
- Subjects
Tax rates ,Laffer eğrisi ,ARDL ve Johansen eşbütünleşme analizi ,Turkey ,Vergi ,Tax ,Vergi oranları ,Tax revenues ,Türkiye ,Optimal taxation ,Optimal vergileme ,Vergi gelirleri ,ARDL and Johansen cointegration analysis ,Laffer curve - Abstract
Vergilerin kamu finansmanının temel yapı taşı olması yönüyle ideal bir vergi sistemi tasarımı, sürdürülebilir kamu maliyesi ilkeleri arasında öncelikli bir hedeftir. İdeal bir vergi sistemi, vergilendirmenin arzu edilen çeşitli niteliklerini dengeleyen bir sistemdir. Bu niteliklere göre vergiler; ihtiyaç duyulan geliri sağlamalı, piyasadaki sapmaları en aza indirecek şekilde uygulanmalı ve mükellef ile vergi idareleri üzerinde aşırı maliyetlere yol açmamalıdır. Bu ve benzeri niteliklerin en azından bazılarının analiz edilmesini konu alan yaklaşımlardan biri de optimal vergilendirme olarak adlandırılan bir araştırma alanıdır. Optimal vergileme, kaynakların en etkin ne şekilde tahsis edileceği ve adil gelir dağılımının nasıl sağlanacağına ilişkin politikalar geliştiren ve refah iktisadının standart araçlarına dayanan normatif bir yaklaşımdır. Optimal vergi teorisinde, etkinlik ve adalet arasındaki denge gözetilirken, kamu finansman ihtiyacını karşılayacak yeterli vergi gelirinin elde edilmesi amacıyla optimal vergi oranları için farklı formüllere odaklanılmıştır. Zira ekonomilerde sürdürülebilir kalkınma hedefleri için optimal vergi oranlarının belirlenmesinde temel faktör optimal olarak belirlenmiş vergilerdir. Bu kapsamda optimal vergi ve vergi oranları, toplumun sürdürülebilir kalkınmasını ve refahını sağlamak için önemli bir kaldıraçtır. Sözü edilen bu bilgiler doğrultusunda çalışmada 1980-2019 dönemine ilişkin Türk vergi sisteminde maliye politikalarının optimallik sorunu, Laffer eğrisi perspektifinden ele alınarak vergi oranı ile vergi geliri arasındaki ilişkinin analiz edilmesi ve Türkiye’nin gerçek Laffer eğrilerinin çizilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu doğrultuda vergi oranları, vergi gelirleri, kriz dönemleri, işsizlik oranları, reel ücretler gibi makroekonomik değişkenler kullanılmıştır. Mevcut değişkenler ekonometrik paket programı yardımıyla analize dahil edilmiştir. Zaman serileri kapsamında vergi oranının vergi gelirleri üzerindeki etkisi Johansen ve ARDL eşbütünleşme yaklaşımları kullanılarak araştırılmıştır. Yapılan analizlerden elde edilen bulgularda Türkiye’de toplam ve dolaylı vergi oranlarının Laffer eğrisinin sağında kaldığı, diğer bir ifadeyle Laffer eğrisinin tepe noktasını aştığı; dolaysız vergi oranlarının ise Laffer eğrisinin solunda kalarak optimal vergi oranlarının altında gerçekleştiği tespit edilmiştir. Since taxes are the basic building blocks of public finance, designing an ideal tax system is a priority target among sustainable public finance principles. An ideal tax system is one that balances the various desirable attributes of taxation. Taxes according to these qualifications; It should provide the required income, be implemented in a way that minimizes market deviations and should not cause excessive costs on the taxpayer and tax administrations. One of the approaches to analyze at least some of these and similar qualities is a field of research called optimal taxation. Optimal taxation is a normative approach based on the standard tools of welfare economics that develops policies on how to allocate resources most effectively and ensure fair income distribution. In the optimal tax theory, while maintaining the balance between efficiency and fairness, different formulas are focused on for optimal tax rates in order to obtain sufficient tax revenue to meet the public financing need. Because the main factor in determining the optimal tax rates for sustainable development goals in economies is the optimally determined taxes. In this context, optimal tax and tax rates are an important leverage to ensure the sustainable development and welfare of the society. In line with this information, in this study, it is aimed to analyze the relationship between tax rate and tax income and to draw the real Laffer curves of Turkey by considering the optimality problem of fiscal policies in the Turkish tax system for the period of 1980-2019, from the perspective of the Laffer curve. In this direction, macroeconomic variables such as tax rates, tax revenues, crisis periods, unemployment rates, real wages were used.Existing variables were included in the analysis with the help of the econometric package program. Within the scope of time series, the effect of tax rate on tax revenues was investigated using Johansen and ARDL cointegration approaches. According to the findings obtained from the analyzes, the total and indirect tax rates in Turkey are on the right of the Laffer curve, in other words, the Laffer curve exceeds the peak; it has been determined that the direct tax rates are on the left of the Laffer curve and are below the optimal tax rates.
- Published
- 2022
30. TÜRKİYE'DE 1980 SONRASI KAMU HARCAMALARI, VERGİ GELİRLERİ ve EKONOMİK BÜYÜME ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİNİN ANALİZİ.
- Author
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ÖZPENÇE, Aylin İDİKUT
- Abstract
Economic growth is the primary goal of almost every economy. Although there are certain differences between the structural characteristics of the countries and the economic policies there are the effects of public expenditures and tax on economic growth in every economy. Undoubtedly tax revenues are the most important item in the financing of public expenditures which have an incentive to encourage economic growth. Theoretically the increase in tax revenues in the multiplier mechanism affects economic growth negatively while the increase in public expenditures affects the economic growth positively. The main aim of the study is to test whether these interactions are present applied politics after the 1980s in Turkey. The relationship between public expenditures tax revenues and economic growth in this study is examined by the Granger causality test for the period 1980- 2015. As a result of the research economic growth and tax revenues are the cause of public expenditures whereas there is mutual causality relation between public expenditures and tax revenues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. The effect of globalization on tax revenues: An econometric analysis for E7 countries special for foreign direct investments
- Author
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Sağdıç, Nursel, Kutbay, Hüseyin, and Sağdıç, Nursel
- Subjects
Tax Revenues ,E7 Ülkeleri ,FDI ,E7 Countries ,Panel Veri Analizi ,Globalization ,Küreselleşme ,Panel Data Analysis ,DYY ,Vergi Gelirleri - Abstract
YÖK Tez No: 711985 Küreselleşme, dünya ülkelerinin ekonomik olarak birbirine bağlığı, piyasaların birbirine bağımlılığı, üretim faktörlerinden emek ve sermayenin ülke sınırlarının ötesine hareketliliği anlamına gelmektedir. Küreselleşme sadece ekonomik hayatı değil sosyal, politik ve kültürel hayatı da etkilemektedir ve günümüz dünyasında her kavramla yakından ilişkilidir. Zaman ve mekânı birçok alanda giderek daha anlamsızlaştıran küreselleşme, uluslararası ticarette liberalleşmeyi, doğrudan yabancı yatırımın genişlemesini ve büyük sınır ötesi finansal akışları yönlendirmektedir. Küreselleşme doğrudan yabancı yatırımın itici gücünü oluşturmaktadır. Özellikle 1980'lerden itibaren dünya çapında doğrudan yabancı yatırımlar giderek daha önemli hale gelmiştir. Artan DYY ülke ekonomisini geliştirdiği gibi, bilgi, teknoloji ve tecrübe transferini sağlamak, istihdamı arttırmak, yaşam standartlarını yükseltmek gibi olumlu katkılarda sağmaktadır. DYY ile vergi gelirlerinde de artış sağlanmaktadır. Hem yatırımcıdan elde edilen vergi geliri hem de dolaylı olarak istihdamın ve kişi başına düşen gelirin artmasıyla vergi gelirinde artış sağlanmaktadır. Bu çalışma ile küreselleşmenin DYY üzerindeki etkisi, DYY'nin de vergi gelirleri üzerindeki etkisi 2008-2018 yılları arasında E7 ülkeleri özelinde panel veri analizi yapılarak araştırılmıştır. Araştırmanın sonucunda ekonomik küreselleşmede meydana gelen %1'lik bir değişimin, DYY üzerinde 0.6'lık olumlu (arttırıcı) bir etkiye sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir. DYY'de meydana gelen 1 birimlik değişim (%1'lik değişim), vergi gelirleri üzerinde 0.5'lik olumlu (arttırıcı) bir etkiye sahip olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.E7 ülkelerinde, Küreselleşme DYY'nin artmasına, DYY de vergi gelirlerinin artmasına katkı sağlamaktadır. Globalization means the economic interconnectedness of the countries of the world, the interdependence of markets, the mobility of labor and capital from the factors of production beyond the borders of the country. Globalization affects not only economic life but also social, political and cultural life and is closely related to every concept in today's world. Globalization, which makes time and space increasingly meaningless in many areas, drives liberalization in international trade, expansion of foreign direct investment and large cross-border financial flows.Globalization is the driving force of foreign direct investment. Foreign direct investments around the world have become increasingly important, especially since the 1980s. Increasing FDI not only improves the country's economy, but also provides positive contributions such as transferring knowledge, technology and experience, increasing employment and raising living standards. Tax revenues also increase with FDI. An increase in tax revenue is achieved both by the tax revenue obtained from the investor and indirectly by the increase in employment and per capita income. In this study, the effect of globalization on FDI and the effect of FDI on tax revenues were investigated by making panel data analysis specific to E7 countries between 2008 and 2018. As a result of the research, it has been determined that a 1% change in economic globalization has a positive (increasing) effect of 0.6 on FDI.It has been concluded that a 1-unit change (1% change) in FDI has a positive (increasing) effect of 0.5 on tax revenues.In E7 countries, Globalization contributes to an increase in FDI and FDI contributes to an increase in tax revenues.
- Published
- 2022
32. Vergi Gelirlerini Etkileyen Unsurların Tespit Edilmesi
- Author
-
AYDINBAŞ, Gökçen and ERDİNÇ, Zeynep
- Subjects
Social ,Tax revenues ,Economic growth ,Panel data analysis ,Vergi Gelirleri ,Ekonomik büyüme ,Tüketim harcamaları ,İnsani gelişme indeksi ,Panel veri analizi ,Sosyal - Abstract
Countries act in line with the effort to obtain optimum tax revenue in financing basic expenditures without resorting to public sector borrowing. Many countries aimed to implement efficient tax policies to increase their tax revenues with the desire to reach the highest level in economic growth and development by using their limited resources effectively. In this context, it is important to examine which factors will affect tax revenues under which constraints for both developed and developing countries. This study aims to determine the factors affecting tax revenues from 2007 to 2019 based on selected countries among the important countries in tax revenues in general. While the dependent variable used in this study is tax revenues, the independent variables are gross domestic product (GDP), human capital index and political stability index. The econometric method used in the study is the panel data analysis method, in which fixed effects, random effects, generalized method of moments (GMM) and system GMM models were applied. In the study, it was found that gross domestic production, human capital index and political stability index had a statistically significant and positive effect on tax revenues., Ülkeler, kamu kesimi borçlanması yoluna gitmeksizin temel harcamaların finansmanına yönelik optimum vergi geliri elde etme çabası doğrultusunda hareket etmektedir. Pek çok ülke, sınırlı kaynaklarını etkin şekilde kullanarak ekonomik büyüme ve kalkınmada en üst seviyeye ulaşma isteği ile vergi gelirlerini arttırmak adına verimli vergi politikaları uygulamayı amaçlamıştır. Bu bakımdan, gelişmiş ve gelişmekte olan ülkeler için hangi faktörlerin hangi kısıtlar altında vergi gelirlerini etkileyeceğinin incelenmesi önemlidir. Bu çalışmanın temel amacı da genel itibarıyla vergi gelirlerinde önemli ülkeler arasından seçilmiş ülkeler bazında 2007-2019 yıl aralığı için vergi gelirlerini etkileyen unsurların tespit edilmesidir. Bu çalışmada kullanılan bağımlı değişken vergi gelirleri iken, bağımsız değişkenler ise; gayri safi yurt içi hasıla (GSYH), beşeri sermaye endeksi ve politik istikrar endeksidir. Çalışmada kullanılan ekonometrik yöntem panel veri analiz yöntemi olup bu kapsamda sabit etkiler, rassal etkiler, genelleştirilmiş momentler yöntemi (GMM) ve sistem GMM modelleri uygulanmıştır. Çalışmada, vergi gelirleri üzerinde gayri safi yurtiçi hasıla, beşeri sermaye endeksi ve politik istikrar endeksinin istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ve pozitif bir etki yarattığı bulgulanmıştır.
- Published
- 2022
33. Yolsuzluğun Vergi Gelirleri Üzerindeki Etkisi: Türkiye Örneği(The Effect of Corruption on Tax Revenue: Turkey Case)
- Author
-
Doğan BAKIRTAŞ
- Subjects
Yolsuzluk ,Vergi Gelirleri ,Yolsuzluk Algılama Endeksi ,Corruption ,Tax Revenues ,Corruption Perception Index (CPI) ,Management. Industrial management ,HD28-70 ,Economics as a science ,HB71-74 - Abstract
Corruption which means to abuse of the authority for the sake of self interest, even has different descriptions in different countries, affects all countries growth rates and public revenue and expenditure ratios. There are empirical studies to support these effects in the literature. In this study, firstly the concept, reason and effects of corruption have been introduced, then the effect of corruption on tax revenue in Turkey has been tested with regression analysis.
- Published
- 2012
34. LAFFER ETKİSİNİN TÜRKİYE UYGULAMASI 1980-2003
- Author
-
Tahsin Karabulut
- Subjects
vergi oranları ,vergi gelirleri ,laffer eğrisi. ,tax rates ,tax revenues ,laffer curve ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
Devletlerin temel fonksiyonlarınıyerine getirmek için gelire ihtiyaç duymalarıvergi toplama gerekliliğini doğurmuştur. Vergileme, zaman içerisinde kamu hizmetleri için gerekli kaynağısağlamanın yanında tasarrufu ve ekonomik büyümeyi teşvik, gelir dağılımınıdüzeltme şeklinde diğer sosyal ve ekonomik amaçlar için de kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. Devletin vergi gelirleri, vergi tabanının genişliği ve vergi oranlarının düzeyi ile yakından bağlantılıdır. Vergi oranlarıile vergi gelirleri arasındaki ilişkiyi ortaya koyan “Laffer Eğrisi” Arzyönlü İktisat’ın en önemli konularından birisidir. 1980-2003 dönemi itibariyle Laffer Eğrisi’nin Türkiye uygulamasının tahmin edildiği bu çalışmada, ekonomi yönetiminin uyguladığıvergi oranlarının 1999 yılından itibaren oluşturulan modellere göre tahmin edilen oranlardan daha yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
- Published
- 2006
35. TEKİRDAĞ İLİNİN VERGİSEL YÖNÜYLE ANALİZİ.
- Author
-
IŞIK, Hayriye
- Abstract
Tax revenues in a country that is one of the main financing source of public spending. Different geographical regions of the country and the administrative structures of these forms to determine the place and rate of these funding sources, regions and provinces to enable them to compare with each other or with foreign examples. Although other regions of some provinces of geographic size or population density, and lower than the provincial Considering various application examples, it is observed that the share of tax revenues is significantly higher. The provinces and the results obtained from residential areas considered to be high in terms of tax collection in some cities, while others are observed to be lower. After high and low with the provinces in terms of rate determination to investigate the causes of the high and low is a very important issue in terms of public finance and tax theory. Of course, it is up to their causes economic, social, cultural, ethnic and even can even traditional. The tax by moving the aim of this study is to make the concept of tax determination is very important for the public sector and then Reveals Turkey's tax structure and then intends to put forward a set of recommendations by making a number of results and analysis of this structure to Tekirdağ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
36. Türkiye'de Uluslararası Ticaret ve Muamelelerden Alınan Vergi Gelirleri - Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi: Frekans Nedensellik Analizi.
- Author
-
YAVUZ, Hakan and BEŞEL, Furkan
- Subjects
GOVERNMENT revenue ,ECONOMIC development research ,ECONOMIC conditions in Turkey ,INTERNATIONAL trade ,COMMERCIAL policy - Abstract
Copyright of Research Journal of Politics, Economics & Management / Siyaset, Ekonomi ve Yönetim Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of Research Journal of Politics, Economics & Management and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2015
37. Türkiye'de kamu yatırım harcamalarında verimliliğin bölgesel bazda toplam vergi hasılatı ile karşılaştırmalı analizi
- Author
-
Ömür, Özgür Mustafa, Giray, Filiz, Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü/Maliye Anabilim Dalı/Maliye Teorisi Bilim Dalı., and Maliye Anabilim Dalı
- Subjects
Maliye ,Yatırımlar ,Yatırımların verimliliği ,Efficiency of investments ,Kamu yatırım harcamaları ,Vergi gelirleri ,Investments ,Tax revenues ,Finance ,Public investment expenditures - Abstract
Kamu harcamaları ekonomik sınıflandırmaya göre cari, yatırım ve transfer harcamaları olarak üç gruba ayrılır. Yapılan ulusal ve uluslararası çalışmaların çoğu, bu harcamalar içinde yatırım harcamalarının üretim ve hizmet potansiyelini daha fazla arttırdığını göstermektedir. Yatırımlar sonucu üretim ve hizmet kapasitesinin artması milli gelirin ve istihdam oranlarının yükselmesine sebep olur. Kamu yatırımlarının ekonomik ve sosyal açıdan sunduğu bu olumlu etkileri, devletin vergi hasılatına ve bütçe dengesine de olumlu bir şekilde yansır.Kamu yatırımlarının ekonomik ve sosyal açıdan olumlu etkilerini incelerken, sadece bu harcamaların miktarı üzerinden değerlendirme yapılması yeterli olmayacaktır. Yatırım harcamalarının ekonomik ve sosyal geri dönüşü bakımından etkili ve verimli alanlarda kullanılması kritik öneme sahiptir.Bu alanda daha önce yapılan çalışmalar genellikle yatırım harcamalarının ekonomik etkinliğini ve ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki etkisini bölgelere veya ülkeler genelinde ölçmeye yönelik yapılmaktadır. Ancak kamu yatırımlarının vergi tahsilatına etkisi hakkında doğrudan yerli ve yabancı literatürde yeterli çalışma bulunmamaktadır. Çalışmanın amacı; Türkiye'de kamu yatırım harcamalarının vergi hasılatına katkısını çeşitli bölgeler itibariyle ampirik olarak tespit etmek ve kamu yatırımlarının etkinliğinin bu alanlarda yüksek olduğu bölgelerde, hangi sektörlere daha ağırlıklı kamu yatırım yapıldığını ortaya çıkarmaktır. Vergi tahsilatını artırıcı özelliği olan sektörler tespit edilerek yatırımlar bu alanlara yönlendirecektir. Böylece kamunun kaynaklarını daha verimli, etkin kullanılması sağlanabilecektir. Belirtilen amacı gerçekleştirmek için çalışmada panel veri yöntemi kullanılmıştır. According to the economic classification of public expenditures, three groups are allocated as current, investment and transfer expenditures. Most of the national and international studies show that investment spending in these expenditures has further increased the production and service potential. The increase in production and service capacity of investments leads to a rise in national income and employment rates. These positive effects of public investments on the economic and social side are positively reflected in the state's tax revenue and budget balance.When examining the positive economic and social impacts of public investments, it would not be enough to make an assessment based only on the amount of these expenditures. The use of investment spending in efficient and productive areas in terms of economic and social returns has critical importance.Previous work in this area is usually made to measure the economic efficiency of investment expenditures and the impact on economic growth in regions and countries. There is not enough domestic or foreign studies about the impact of public investments on tax collections. The goal of the study; to identify the contribution on tax revenue of public investments in various regions in Turkey as empirical and to find out sectors which are heavily publicly invested in regions where the efficiency of public investments is high in these areas. Sectors that have the feature of increasing tax collection will be determined and investments will be directed to these areas. Thus, it will be possible to use the resources of the public more efficiently and effectively. Panel data method in the study was used for to realize the stated purpose. 150
- Published
- 2020
38. Türkiye’de İktisadi Krizlerin Toplam Vergi Gelirleri Üzerindeki Etkisi
- Author
-
Müge Seda Ateş, Ahmet Arslan, and Esra Canpolat Gökçe Gökçe
- Subjects
ekonomik kriz ,Economics ,Tariff ,Monetary economics ,economic crisis ,Gross domestic product ,maliye politikası ,regresyon ,lcsh:Social Sciences ,Tax revenue ,vergi politikası ,Personal income ,Per capita ,Ekonomik Kriz,Vergi Politikası,Vergi Gelirleri,Maliye Politikası,Regresyon ,Economic Crisis,Tax Policy,Tax Revenues,Fiscal Policy,Regression ,tax revenues ,lcsh:Social sciences (General) ,Economic stability ,tax policy ,Informal sector ,vergi gelirleri ,İktisat ,Fiscal policy ,lcsh:H ,regression ,lcsh:H1-99 ,fiscal policy - Abstract
Ekonomik İstikrarın sağlanmasında vergiler maliye politikası araçları içerisinde büyük öneme sahiptir. Türkiye gibi gelişmekte olan ülkeler ekonomik gelişmelerden etkilenmekte ve ekonomik kriz dönemlerinde vergi gelirlerinin değişiklik göstermesi söz konusu olabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada Türkiye’de 1988-2016 yılları arasında vergi gelirleri ile kişi başı gayri safi yurtiçi hâsıla, kayıt dışı ekonomi, ekonomik büyüme ve krizler arasındaki ilişki en küçük kareler yöntemiyle tahmin edilmektedir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre vergi gelirleri ve Kişi başı gayrisafi yurtiçi hasıla arasında aynı yönlü ilişki gözlenirken, vergi gelirleri ile kayıt dışı ekonomi ve ekonomik büyüme değişkenleri arasındaki ilişkinin ters yönlü olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Ayrıca 1990, 1994, 2008 krizlerinin vergi gelirleri üzerinde negatif etkiye sahip oldukları sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. 2001 krizinin ise vergi gelirleri üzerinde anlamlı bir etkileri olmadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre hükümetlerin kişisel geliri artırmaya yönelik tedbir almaları, vergi tarife yapılarını gelir esnekliğini kolaylaştıracak şekilde düzenlemeleri, vergi indirimi uygulamalarına gitmeleri, vergi kayıp ve kaçaklarını azaltmaları ile vergi bilinci ve ahlakını yükseltmeleri gerekmektedir., Taxes have great importance among fiscal policy instruments for ensuring economic stability. Developing countries such as Turkey are affected by economic eventsand their tax revenues may fluctuate during periods of economic crises. In this study, the relationship between Turkey’s tax revenues and per capita gross domestic product, informal economy, economic growth and crises by using the least squares method for the period 1988-2016.According to the results obtained, while the relationship between the tax revenues and per capita gross domestic product is observed to be in the same direction, the relationship between tax revenues and informal economy and economic growth variables is found to be in opposite direction. Additionally, the 1990, 1994 and2008 crises are found to have a negative effect on tax revenues. However, no significant effect of the 2001 crisis is found on tax revenues.Our findings suggest that governments need to take measures to increase personal income, adjust tax tariff structures in order to facilitate income flexibility, apply tax reductions, reduce tax losses and evasions, as well asincrease tax awareness and tax morale.
- Published
- 2019
39. BELEDİYE GELİRLERİ VE YENİ BİR GELİR KAYNAĞI OLARAK ŞEHİRLEŞME RANTI.
- Author
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Türkoğlu, İrfan
- Subjects
- *
CITIES & towns , *INTERNAL revenue , *URBANIZATION , *AUTONOMY (Economics) , *EXECUTIVE advisory bodies , *REAL estate management - Abstract
As local service institutions that have legal entity and autonomy and provide and adjust for common and civil needs of the locals through their own decision- making and executive bodies, municipalities have peculiar revenues and expenses and a budget to adjust for these. Municipalities collect revenues on the basis of the authority prescribed by the law and spend them within the limits of the law to afford for the services that they are obliged to provide. Recently the municipalities have a new source of revenues as a result of urbanization. The appreciation in the real estate and commodities as the result of municipality services is an important revenue source to be considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
40. TÜRKİYE'DE VERGİ AFLARININ VERGİ GELİRLERİNE ETKİSİ.
- Author
-
KARGI, Veli
- Subjects
- *
TAX amnesty , *GOVERNMENT revenue , *TAXPAYER compliance , *BUDGET deficits , *TAX incidence , *GROSS national product - Abstract
Tax amnesties have been applied in developed and developing countries and also in OECD countries and in more than half of the United States. Some countries consider of tax amnesties as a means of increasing revenue which will strengthens tax compliance and meet the growing budget deficits. Some other countries don't think of using tax amnesties because of its adverse effects on harmony, equality and distribution of tax burden. These views had been expressed by many scientists. In justification of thirty amnesties in Turkey since 1923, it can be said that comprehension of creating additional source for public sector outweighs in addition to the political factors in 1960's and 1970s and the technical and economic factors in 1980 and 1990. In this study, firstly the positive and negative aspects of tax amnesties were explained for 1923-1950 period; and later effects of tax amnesties on tax revenues are examined. With regard to this period, Turkey's Gross National Product, Tax Revenues, Tax Revenues / GNP ratios were presented through graphs using current prices. As a result, it is concluded that tax amnesties don't increase tax revenues as expected in the long term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
41. OSMANLI İMPARATORLUǦU'NDA 19. YÜZYIL MALİ BUNALIMININ EKONOMİK POLİTİK ANALİZİ.
- Author
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Çomakli, Şafak Ertan
- Subjects
FINANCIAL crises ,SOCIOECONOMICS ,SOCIAL policy ,GOVERNMENT policy ,ECONOMIC policy ,OTTOMAN Empire - Abstract
Copyright of Türk Dünyası Araştırmaları is the property of Turk Dunyasi Arastirmalari Vakfi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2008
42. LAFFER ETKİSİNİN TÜRKİYE UYGULAMASI (1980-2003).
- Author
-
Karabulut, Tahsin
- Subjects
INCOME ,TAX collection ,INCOME inequality ,INTERNAL revenue ,TAX rates ,ECONOMIC development - Abstract
Copyright of Selcuk University Social Sciences Institute Journal is the property of Selcuk University Social Sciences Institute Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2006
43. TÜRKİYE'DE İÇ BORÇ SORUNU VE İÇ KAMU BORÇLARINDA MEYDANA GELEN GELİŞMELER.
- Author
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Bayrak, Metin
- Subjects
- *
DEBT , *TAXATION , *PUBLIC debts , *DEFICIT financing ,ECONOMIC conditions in Turkey, 1960- - Abstract
Domestic debt has begun to increase in Turkey since the beginning of 1980s and recently turned to be the most important alternative of taxation. The borrowing caused mainly by deficits in public savings has shocking impacts on many balances with ever-increasing magnitude and speed. In this study, we investigated the progress of domestic public debt since 1980, and evaluated the present situation in economic terms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2004
44. Vergi kültürünün ekonomik büyüme üzerine etkisi Türkiye örneği
- Author
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Aktaş Öztürk, Nurgül, Kesgingöz, Hayrettin, and İktisat Ana Bilim Dalı
- Subjects
Turkish economy ,Tax responsibility ,Economics ,Culture ,Tax awareness ,Ekonomi ,Taxes ,Tax revenues ,Economic growth - Abstract
Vergi gelirleri; devletlerin güvenlik, hukuk, eğitim, sağlık ve diğer kamu hizmetlerini, alt ve üstyapı çalışmalarını sürdürebilmeleri için temel finansman kaynağını oluşturmaktadır. Vergi gelirlerinin yüksek olduğu ve toplanan vergilerin etkin biçimde değerlendirildiği ülkelerde, ekonomik büyüme ve refah artışının da hızlı olduğu dikkat çekmektedir. Türkiye gibi gelişmekte olan ülkelerde kayıt dışı ekonomik faaliyetler, milli gelirin önemli bir bölümünü oluşturmaktadır ve bu ülkelerde büyük miktarda vergi kaybına yol açmaktadır. Bu noktada ülkelerde vergi kültürünün oluşturulması ve geliştirilmesi büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bu konunun çocukların eğitim programlarına erken yaşlarda alınması, okullarda ders ve konu olarak işlenmesi, ülkede yaygın konferans, yarışma ve etkinlikler düzenlenmesi, kamu spotları hazırlanıp yayınlanması, bilimsel çalışmalar yapılıp, yayınlar üretilmesi ve konunun sürekli gündemde tutulmasında yarar vardır. Bu çalışmada 1975-2016 döneminde Türkiye'de toplanan vergiler ile ekonomik büyüme arasındaki ilişkiler, ADF birim kök testi ve Granger nedensellik analiz yöntemleriyle incelenmiştir. ADF testi sonucunda; serilerin ikinci farkta durağan oldukları belirlenmiştir. Granger nedensellik testinde ise ekonomik büyümeden vergi gelirlerine doğru tek yönlü nedensellik ilişkisinin olduğu bulunmuştur. Vergi gelirlerinden ekonomik büyümeye doğru ise herhangi bir nedensellik ilişkisine rastlanamamıştır. Bu sonuçlar; Türkiye'de vergi gelirlerinin yeterince yüksek olmadığını ve toplanan vergilerin ekonomik büyümeyi destekleyecek alanlarda etkin biçimde kullanılamadığını ima etmektedir. Öte yandan artan ekonomik büyüme ve gelire bağlı olarak, kurumlar vergisi ve gelir vergisinin doğası gereği, ülkede toplanan vergi miktarının da değiştiği bulunmuştur. Tax revenues constitutes the main source of financing for the states to continue their work on security, law, education, health and other public services, infra- and super-structure. In countries where tax revenues are high and taxes collected are evaluated effectively, it is noteworthy that economic growth and prosperity increases are also rapid. Unregistered economic activities in developing countries such as Turkey are an important part of the national income and leads to large amounts of tax losses in these countries. At this point, it is very crucial to establish and develop a tax culture in countries. This issue should be taken at the early ages of the children's education programs, taught as courses and subjects in schools. Moreover, nationwide conferences, competitions and events should be organized, public service broadcasts be prepared, scientific studies be conducted, publications be produced and by this way the issue be kept on the agenda.In this study, the relationship between economic growth and taxes collected during the period of 1975-2016 in Turkey is examined by ADF unit root test and Granger causality analysis. According to ADF test; it is determined that the series are stationary at the second difference. In Granger causality test, it is found that there is one-way causality relationship from economic growth to tax revenues. No causal relationship is found from tax revenues to economic growth. These results imply that tax revenue is not sufficiently high and taxes collected cannot be used effectively in the areas supporting economic growth. On the other hand, due to the nature of corporate tax and income tax, the amount of tax collected in the country has also changed in accordance with the increased economic growth and income. 136
- Published
- 2019
45. Vergi yapısı ve ekonomik büyüme: OECD ülkeler üzerine bir araştırma
- Author
-
Tahiroğlu, Deniz, Altıner, Ali, and İktisat Anabilim Dalı
- Subjects
Economics ,Tax burden ,Panel regression analysis ,Indirect taxes ,Ekonomi ,Taxes ,Tax reform ,OECD countries ,Tax revenues ,Direct taxes ,Economic growth - Abstract
Literatürde ekonomik büyüme sürecinin nasıl gerçekleştirileceği ve nasıl sürdürüleceği üzerine pek çok çalışma yapılmıştır. Büyüme sürecini etkileyen önemli faktörlerden biri devletin altyapı, teknolojik gelişme ve eğitim-sağlık hizmetleri gibi alanlara yatırım yapma kapasitesidir. Devlet yatırımlarının kapasitesi ise genellikle vergi gelirinin büyüklüğüne göre belirlenir.Bu çalışmada, seçilmiş 31 OECD ülkesi için vergi yapısının ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki etkisi ampirik olarak incelenmiştir. Ampirik analiz kapsamında, 1995-2017 dönemine ait yıllık veriler kullanılarak panel veri analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu amaçla, vergi yapısını temsil etmek üzere sadece toplam vergi gelirleri ile sınırlı kalınmayıp, mal ve hizmet üzerinden alınan vergileri (KDV ve ÖTV) içeren dolaylı vergileri, kişisel ve kurumsal gelir üzerinden alınan ve sosyal güvenlik vergilerini içeren dolaysız vergi gelirlerini de kullanılarak analiz derinleştirilmiştir. Sabit etkiler modeli kullanılarak yapılan analiz sonucunda seçilmiş ülkelerde toplam vergi gelirlerinin ekonomik büyümeyi bozucu etkisi tespit edilmiş; fakat verginin türlerine göre farklı sonuçlara ulaşılmıştır. Kişisel gelir vergisinin ekonomik büyüme üzerinde anlamlı herhangi bir etkisi bulunmamasına rağmen hem kurumlar vergisi hem de sosyal güvenlik vergisinin büyüme üzerinde olumlu bir etkiye sahip olduğu bulunmuştur. Öte yandan, katma değer vergisinin ekonomik büyümeyi olumsuz etkilediği ancak özel tüketim vergisinin olumlu etkilediği belirlenmiştir. In the literature, many studies have been conducted on how to realize and maintain the economic growth process. One of the important factors affecting the growth process is the capacity of the state to invest in infrastructure, technological development, and education-health services. The capacity of government investments is generally determined by the size of the tax revenue. In this study, the effect of tax structure on economic growth for 31 selected OECD countries was examined empirically. Within the scope of empirical analysis, panel data analysis was carried out by using annual data for the period 1995-2017. For this purpose, it was not only limited to total tax revenues in order to represent tax structure but also by using indirect taxes revenues, which include taxes on goods and services as value-added taxes and excises, and direct tax revenues which are collected on income, profits, and capital gains of individuals and corporates, and include social security contributions, the analysis has been deepened. As a result of the analysis using fixed effects model, the negative impact of total tax revenues on economic growth was determined in selected countries. However, different results were obtained according to the types of tax. Although taxes on income, profits, and capital gains of individuals had no significant effect on economic growth, both taxes on income, profits, and capital gains of corporates, and social security contributions were found to have a positive effect on growth. On the other hand, it was determined that value added taxes had a negative impact on economic growth while excises had a positive effect. 98
- Published
- 2019
46. Use of clustering analysis in classification of provinces in terms of tax revenues
- Author
-
Allahverdi, Metin., Alagöz, Ali., Selçuk Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Meslek Yüksekokulu, Muhasebe ve Vergi Uygulamaları Bölümü, Allahverdi, Metin., and Alagöz, Ali.
- Subjects
Tax Revenues ,Vergi Geliri ,Euclidean Distance ,Cluster Analysis ,K-Ortalamalar Metodu ,Kümeleme Analizi ,K-Means Method ,Öklid Uzaklık - Abstract
WOS: 000501737800020, Bu çalışmada genel vergi gelirleri göstergelerinden oluşan değişkenlerden yararlanarak illerin sınıflandırılması ve vergi gelirleri açısından dağılım, benzerlik ve farklılıklarının ortaya konulması amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda 81 ile ait veriler kümeleme analizi yöntemi ile incelenerek elde edilen sonuçların anlamlılığı ayırma (diskriminant) analizi ile desteklenmiştir. Çalışmada kullanılan değişkenlere göre iller “K-Ortalamalar Metodu” ve “Öklid Uzaklığı” kullanılarak kümelenmiştir. Yapılan analizin sonucunda vergi tahsilatı değişkenleri açısından benzer özelliklere sahip illerin aynı kümelerde olduğu ve kümeler arasındaki farkların ortaya çıktığı görülmüştür. Çalışmadan elde edilen sonuçların karar alma mekanizmaları ve gelecek araştırmalar için önemli bir veri kaynağı oluşturduğu düşünülmektedir., The aim of this study is to determine the classification of provinces in Turkey by using variables comprised of tax revenues indicators and to reveal the distribution, differences and similarities of provinces in terms of tax revenues. In line with this, the data belonging to the 81 provinces of Turkey were examined by the clustering analysis method and the significance of results was supported by the discriminant analysis. According to the variables in the study, the provinces were clustered using the "K-means Method" and the "Euclidean Distance". As a result of the analysis, it was seen that the provinces with similar characteristics in terms of tax collection variables were in the same clusters and differences between clusters have been revealed. The results obtained from the study are thought to constitute an important data source for decision-making mechanisms and for future research.
- Published
- 2019
47. Vergi gelirlerinin ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki etkisi: Seçilmiş OECD ülkeleri için bir panel veri analizi
- Author
-
Demirhan, Muammer Sami, Güvenek, Burcu, İktisat Anabilim Dalı, and Selçuk Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü
- Subjects
Tax Revenues ,Economics ,Vergi ,Panel data models ,Tax ,Turkish tax system ,Growth ,OECD countries ,Tax revenues ,Vergi Gelirleri ,Incomes ,Ekonomi ,Unit root tests ,Economic growth - Abstract
Bu çalışmanın amacı; aralarında Türkiye'nin de bulunduğu 20 OECD ülkesinin 1998-2012 dönemlerindeki vergi gelirleri ile ekonomik büyüme arasındaki ilişkinin panel veri analizi tekniği ile incelenmesidir. Çalışmamızda vergilendirme, Türk Vergi Sistemi, ekonomik büyüme kavramı ve ekonomik büyüme teorileri incelenmiştir. Vergi gelirlerinin ekonomik büyümeye etkisini ne ölçüde olduğunu panel veri analizinden yararlanılarak incelemesi yapılmıştır. OECD'nin resmi sitesinden alınan verilerle EViews-8 programı kanalıyla panel birim kök testleri olan Breitung,İm, Paseran, Adf, Levin,Lin, PP, Fisher ve Chi-square'ne göre sonuçlar elde edilmiştir. Elde ettiğimiz veride, vergi gelirleri ile ekonomik büyüme arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulunamadığı bulgusuna varılmıştır, The purpose of this study is the examination of the relationship between the tax revenues and the economic growth of 20 OECD countries, which Turkey is also included, between the period of 1998 and 2012 according to the panal data analysis technique. In our study Turkish Tax System, taxation, the concept of economic growth and the theory of economical growth were examined. The impact of the tax revenues on economic growth was examined by using panal data analysis technique. Obtaining the datas from the OECD's official website by using EView-8 program the panal unit root tests Breitung, İm, Paseran, Adf, Levin, Lin PP, Fisher ve Chi-Square were performed. Due to our obtained data from tests, it has not been observed any significant relationship between tax revenues and economical growth
- Published
- 2019
48. VAT Effect on Tax Revenues and Economic Growth in Turkey: An Empirical Analysis (1985-2018)
- Author
-
Yaraşır Tülümce, Sevinç and Yavuz, Ersin
- Subjects
VAT ,Economic Growth ,Tax Revenues ,Structural Breaks Method - Abstract
The main purpose of taxes is to finance public expenditures and to achieve fiscal policy objectives. Economic growth is an important phenomenon both for fiscal policy objectives and for politicians. Although there is a substantial amount of literature and a great number of empirical studies on the impact of taxes on economic growth in Turkey, there is no study that analyzes specifically the effects of VAT on economic growth. This study aims to fill the existing gap and analyze the impact of VAT on tax revenues and economic growth between the years 1985-2018 by using the method of structural breaks., C1 [Yarasir Tulumce, Sevinc; Yavuz, Ersin] Pamukkale Univ, Maliye Bolumu, Denizli, Turkey.
- Published
- 2019
49. Kurumsal iktisat perspektifinden Türkiye'de vergi gayreti ve kurumsal kalite ilişkisi: Teori ve uygulama
- Author
-
Adalioğlu, Serkan, Parlak, Deniz, and Finansal İktisat Ana Bilim Dalı
- Subjects
Maliye ,Economics ,Institutional quality ,Economy ,Taxes ,Economic policies ,Tax revenues ,Corporate economy ,Quality ,Taxation ,İşletme ,Tax burden ,Ekonomi ,Finance ,Business Administration - Abstract
Ülkeler arasındaki mali ve ekonomik farklılıkların açıklanmasında ana akım (mainstream) iktisada eleştirel bir açıdan yaklaşan Heterodoks iktisadi görüşlerin özellikle geride bıraktığımız yüzyılın son çeyreği ile birlikte tutarlı ve rasyonel katkıları yadsınamaz niteliktedir. Toplumların, gelişme – büyüme ve kalkınma ölçütlerinin salt ekonomik performansa bağlı değerlendirilmemesi gerektiğini, toplumların bir arada kalabilme ve hareket edebilme kabiliyetlerine yön veren hukuk, kültür, siyaset, tarih, eğitim, teknoloji, dil, din ve örf ve adetler gibi unsurların iktisadi analizlerin içine dahi edilmesini öneren Kurumsal İktisat son yıllarda gerek dünyada gerekse de ülkemizde popülerliğini artırma eğilimindedir.Vergi, geçmişten günümüze devletler nezdinde sadece kamu harcamalarının finansmanında kullanılmak üzere toplumun geneli üzerinden sağlanan bir fon olarak değil, aynı zamanda sosyal ve politik bir olgu olarak da önemli bir politika olma özelliğini sürdürmektedir. Verginin bu özelliği onun maliye otoriteleri açısından bir teknik mesele olarak ele alınmasından ziyade siyasi, kültürel, sosyolojik ve felsefi bir konu olarak tüm yönleriyle bütüncül (holistic) açıdan ele alınmasını gerektirmektedir. Doğurduğu sonuçlar açısından birey –devlet, birey – toplum ve toplum – devlet ilişkileri içerisinde karşılıklı etkiler yaratan vergi konusu Kurumsal iktisadın klasik sınıflandırmasından hareketle formal ve informal kurumlar çerçevesinde ele alınmış ve vergi uyumu, vergi ahlakı ve vergi kültürü gibi kavramlar irdelenmiştir.Bir kurum olarak vergi kavramı Türkiye açısından tarihsel perspektifte ortaya konularak, cumhuriyetin kuruluş yıllarından günümüze uygulanan vergi politikaları kurumsal iktisat perspektifinde eleştirilmiştir. Bu noktadan hareketle çalışmada 1984 – 2017 yılları arasında kurumsal kaliteyi oluşturan unsurlar ve Türkiye için gerçekleştirilen vergi yükü tahmini ve vergi gayreti hesaplamaları ekonometrik analize tabi tutularak elde edilen sonuçlar kurumsalcı bir yaklaşımla yorumlanmıştır. Heterodox economic views, which started to evolve at the last quarter of 20th century, offered consistent and rational contributions to the discipline by approaching the mainstream economics from a critical point of view in explaining financial and economic differences between countries. Institutional Economics which proposes that development and growth criteria of societies should be evaluated not only with economic performance, but also by considering the performance in other factors such as law, culture, politics, history, education, technology, language and religion gains popularity in the world and in Turkey in recent years.Tax system, from past to present, in the eyes of public authorities besides being an important source of funds obtained from the entire society to be used to finance public expenditure, is also an important policy tool that effects social and political phenomena. Due to this feature tax concept needs to be evaluated with a holistic approach by public authorities by considering besides financial aspects, political, cultural, sociological and philosophical aspects as well. In this thesis given the standard classification of institutional economics, the tax concept that has bilateral effects on individual-government, individual-society, society-government relations, is analyzed in the context of formal and informal entities and related concepts such as tax compliance, tax ethics and tax culture are discussed.This thesis aims to analyze the tax issue as an institutional concept and to criticize tax policies which have been applied in Turkey from the establishment of the Republic to today with an institutional economics perspective. On this purpose, tax burden and tax effort and the factors that constitute institutional quality are calculated for 23 years from 1984 to 2017, their relationship is analyzed econometrically and the findings are interpreted with an institutional economics perspective. 270
- Published
- 2019
50. Ekonomik özgürlükler ve vergi gelirleri arasındaki ilişki: OECD ülkeleri örneği
- Author
-
Bahtiyar, Ercan, Odabaş, Hakkı, and Maliye Ana Bilim Dalı
- Subjects
Maliye ,Freedom ,İşletme ,Panel data models ,Economic freedom ,OECD countries ,Tax revenues ,Finance ,Business Administration - Abstract
Özel mülkiyetin korunduğu, sözleşme serbestisinin sağlandığı ve toplum üyelerinin iktisadi tercihlerini özgürce gerçekleştirme imkânı bulduğu bir ortam ekonomik olarak özgür bir ortamı ifade eder. Dolayısıyla böyle bir ortamda gerçekleştirilen yatırımların güvenliğinin sağlanmasının yanı sıra toplumun her bir üyesinin haksız rekabetten uzak bir biçimde ekonomik faaliyetlerini özgürce gerçekleştirmesi mümkündür. Ekonomik olarak özgür bir toplumun gelişmiş bir toplum olduğu öngörülür. Gelişmiş toplumlarda ise elde edilen vergi gelirlerinin aynı oranda yüksek olduğu görülmektedir. Bu doğrultuda ekonomik özgürlükler ile vergi gelirleri arasındaki ilişki, vergi oranı uygulamalarından ziyade toplumdaki her bireyin adil bir şekilde vergilendirildiğinin farkında olarak iktisadi kararlarını hiçbir müdahale ile karşılaşmadan özgürce almalarından kaynaklanmaktadır. Bu tez çalışmasında Panel Veri Analizi yönteminden yararlanarak Pedroni (1999), Kao (1999) ve Johansen- Fisher panel eş bütünleşme testleri, uzun dönemli katsayı tahmini FMOLS ve DOLS yöntemleri ve Emirmahmutoğlu-Köse (2011) panel nedensellik testi 32 OECD ülkesinin 1996-2016 yılları arasındaki verileri kullanılarak vergi gelirleri ile ekonomik özgürlük arasındaki uzun dönemli ilişki vergi gelirlerini belirleyen diğer faktörlerle birlikte analiz edilmiştir. Analiz sonuçlarına göre ise ekonomik özgürlükler ve vergi gelirleri arasında uzun dönemli bir ilişki olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bununla birlikte iki değişken arasında çift yönlü nedensellik olduğu tespit edilmiştir. An environment in which private property is protected, the freedom of contract is ensured and the members of society have the opportunity to realize their economic choices freely express an economically free environment. Therefore, in addition to ensuring the security of the investments carried out in such an environment, it is possible for each member of the society to carry out economic activities free of unfair competition. It is envisaged that an economically free society is a developed society. In developed societies, the collected tax revenues are higher in the same rate. In this respect, the relationship between economic freedoms and tax revenues arises from the fact that every individual in society rather than tax rate practice is taxed fairly and makes economic decisions freely without any interference.In this thesis, long term relationship between tax revenues and economic freedom was analyzed together with other factors determining tax revenues by using panel data analysis. Pedroni (1999), Kao (1999) and Johansen-Fisher panel co-integration tests, FMOLS and DOLS methods for long-term coefficient estimation and Emirmahmutoğlu-Köse (2011) panel causality test were used for the years between 1996 and 2016 with the 32 OECD countries data. According to the results of the analysis, it was concluded that there is a long-term relationship between economic freedoms and tax revenues. However, it was found that there was a two-way causality between two variables. 205
- Published
- 2019
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