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Bu çalışmanın temel amacı; ergenlerin bağlanma stilleri ve duygusal öz yeterlik düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkiyi ortaya koymaktır. Araştırmanın evreni İstanbul ili Zeytinburnu ilçe sınırları içindeki alt, orta ve üst sosyoekonomik düzeyden seçkisiz olarak belirlenen 9 liseyi kapsamakta ve 250 öğrenciden oluşmaktadır. Araştırmada ergenlerin bağlanma stillerini belirlemek amacıyla Üç Boyutlu Bağlanma Stilleri, duygusal öz yeterliklerini tespit etmek amacıyla ise Duygusal Öz Yeterlik Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucuna göre anne-babası birlikte olan ergenlerin güvenli bağlanma biçimine sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Araştırma bulgularına göre ergenlerin duygularını anladığı görülmüştür. Çalışmanın bir diğer sonucu ise fiziksel ya da sözel şiddet gören ergenlerin duygularını algılamada sorun yaşadıkları görülmüştür. Anne eğitim düzeyi yüksek olan ergenlerin kaçınan bağlanma stiline sahip oldukları tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak ergenlerin bağlanma stillerini etkileyen tek unsurun duygusal öz yeterlik düzeyleri olmadığı aynı zamanda anne-baba tutumu, anne-babanın sağ olup olmaması ve anne-baba eğitim düzeyi gibi faktörlerin etkili olabileceği söylenebilir., The primary purpose of this study put forth the relationship between adolescents emotionally attachment style and the level of self-sufficiency. The research contains 250 students, chosen from the lower, middle, and high socioeconomic nine high schools without any unequal treatment in Zeytinburnu, Istanbul. In the study, to determine the attachment of the adolescent, and also to specify their emotional self-efficacy, three-dimensional attachment style, and emotional self-efficacy scale was used, respectively. The study anticipates the level of the safely emotional attachment of the adolescents influences the emotional self-efficacies, which are understanding, perception, and regulation of emotions; furthermore, use passions as supportive of thought. The researchers determined, as the result of the research, the adolescents whose parents live together, have a safe attachment form. The researchers realized that adolescents understand and perceive their own emotions, but cannot convert them to thought. Another result of this research is that adolescents who are exposed to physical or verbal violence have problems with perceiving their emotions. When the mother's education level increases, the adolescents have avoidant attachment styles instead of a safe attachment. As a result, emotional self-sufficiency is not the only effect of the attachment style of adolescents. Also, the attitude of parents, whether parents are alive or not and the education level of the parents affect it.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate details of warnings about effects on ability to drive and use machines in the summary of product characteristics (SmPC) and patient information leaflet (PIL) of the drugs that are frequently used in psychiatry and have expected and undesirable effects in central nervous system. Methods: Current SmPCs/PILs of the ten most commonly prescribed drugs in Turkey were examined in detail. The information under the subheadings of effects on ability to drive and use machines in SmPC and driving and using machines in PILs was assessed in at least two different time periods via standard evaluation criteria. Results: SmPCs/PILs of 409 generic drugs were examined. While 80.2% of these generics had same warnings as their reference drugs, major differences were found in 8.3% of SmPCs and 8.1% of PILs, compared to that of originals. The active ingredients with major differences in SmPCs included venlafaxine (47.8%), risperidone (34.0%), sertraline (22.2%), and paroxetine (5.6%) whereas those having major differences in their PILs were paroxetine (72.2%), mirtazapine (52.0%), sertraline (22.2%) and venlafaxine (13.0%). Except paroxetine, all examined active ingredients were found to have consistent SmPCs and PILs in their warnings about driving and machine use. Conclusion: Although SmPCs/PILs of examined drugs overall seem compatible regarding the warnings of driving and machine use, it is noteworthy that warnings in SmPCs/PILs of considerable amount of reference drugs differed from their generics. The study findings indicate the need for a more rigorous approach to the standardization of the content within the SmPCs/PILs.

TEZ9987 Tez (Yüksek Lisans) -- Çukurova Üniversitesi, Adana, 2015. Kaynakça (s. 67-83) var. xiii, 85 s. : res., tablo ; 29 cm. Bu çalışmada, Türk kahvesinin aroma ve aroma-aktif maddeleri üzerine iki farklı kavurma (orta kavrulmuş 150-155°C'de 18 dakika ve koyu kavrulmuş 165- 170°C' de 18 dakika) işleminin etkisi incelenmiştir. Kahvelerde aroma-aktif bileşikler GC-MS-Olfaktometri tekniği ile araştırılmıştır. Örneklerden iki farklı ekstraksiyon metodu (sıvı-sıvı ekstraksiyon ve çözgen yardımıyla flavor evaporasyonu: SAFE) kullanılarak aromatik ekstrakt elde edilmiştir. Duyusal analiz (temsili test) sonuçlarına göre, SAFE yöntemiyle elde edilen aromatik ekstrakt Türk kahvesi kokusuna oldukça benzer bulunmuştur. Orta ve koyu kavrulmuş Türk kahvesi örneklerinden sırasıyla 72 ve 57 adet aroma bileşiği tespit edilmiştir. Tük kahvesindeki aroma bileşiklerinin büyük bir kısmını pirazin ve keton bileşikleri oluşturmuş, bunları furan ve fenol bileşikleri izlemiştir. Aroma-aktif bileşikler bakımından orta kavrulmuş Türk kahvesinde 24 ve koyu kavrulmuş Türk kahvesinde ise 28 adet aroma-aktif bileşik tespit edilmiştir. Bunlar içerisinde koku seyreltme (KS) değerlerine göre, 2-etil-3,5-dimetilpirazin (KSorta: 2048 ve KSkoyu:1024), 2-etil-3-metilpirazin (KSkoyu: 2048), 3-metilbütanoik asit (KSkoyu: 2048), 2,3,5-trimetilpirazin (KSorta: 512 ve KSkoyu: 1024) ve 3-etil-2,5- dimetilpirazin (KSorta: 1024 ve KSkoyu: 512) en güçlü aroma-aktif bileşiklerdir. Duyusal analiz sonuçlarına göre orta kavrulmuş Türk kahvesi, koyu kavrulmuş Türk kahvesine göre panelistler tarafından daha çok tercih edilmiştir. In this study, Turkish coffee aroma and aroma-active compounds and effect of of the different roasting (medium roasted at 150-155 ° C and dark roasted at 165-170 ° C for 18 min) methods on these compounds were investigated. GC-MS-Olfactometry were used to determine aroma and aroma active compounds. Two different methods (liquid-liquid extraction and solvent assisted flavor evaporation technique:SAFE) were used to obtain aromatic extract from the coffee samples.According to sensory analysis (representivaness test) the aromatic extract obtained by SAFE extraction was representative of Turkish coffee. A total of 72 and 57 aroma components were identified in medium roasted and dark roasted Arabica coffee brews, respectively. Pyrazines and ketones were quantitatively the most dominant volatiles in Turkish coffee brew, followed by furans and phenols. With regard to aroma-active compounds 24 and 28 compounds were detected in medium roasted and dark roasted Arabica coffee brews, respectively. Within these, 2-ethyl-3-methylpyrazine (FDdark:2048), 2-ethyl-3,5-dimethylpyrazine (FDmedium:2048 and FDdark:1024), 3-methylbutanoic acid (FDdark:2048) and 2,3,5-trimethylpyrazine (FDmedium:512 and FDdark:1024) determined to be predominant aroma compounds based on their high flavor dilution (FD) factors by aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA). Based on sensory analysis, Turkish coffee produced with medium roasted was the most preferred by panelists. Bu çalışma Ç.Ü. Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Birimi tarafından desteklenmiştir. Proje No: ZF2013YL40.