Objective: Peripheral edema generally develops with systemic diseases and drugs such as non-steroids, antihypertensive, steroids, and immune suppressors (1). There are a limited number of reports among psychotropic drugs indicating that atypical antipsychotic (2-4) may cause peripheral edema. Olanzapin attracts attention among atypical antipsychotic. Although some claim that 57% of patients using olanzapin developed peripheral edema (5), there is only a few case reports in the literature (1,6-10). It is believed that this side effect is related with olanzapin-induced receptor profile. Diuretic drugs have been reported to be effective in its treatment (10). Method: In this article, two schizophrenic patients that developed peripheral edema after the beginning of olanzapin treatment is reported. Case 1: Twenty-two years old, male, college student and single. Patient who applied with psychotic symptoms that started two months ago was assessed as new starting schizophreniform disorder. Olanzapin 20 mg / day was started by hospitalization. After recovery of findings he discharged and included in the outpatient follow up. In the fifth week of treatment, edema leaving Godet occurred in face and feet and was especially evident in hands. There was no erythema, ulceration, or change in color with edema. Routine blood tests and physical examinations were evaluated as normal. There was no history of any substance abuse or a physical illness. Examination results did not determine any pathology. Within a week after discontinuing medication the edema completely disappeared. Case 2: Thirty years old, male, public officer and single. He was followed up with schizophrenia diagnosis for approximately two years ECT treatment and amisulpride was applied. Because of the epileptic seizures seen after ECT treatment, his treatment changed with valproic acid (1000 mg / day) and olanzapin (20 mg / day). At the 15'Th month of olanzapin treatment edema was observed at both hands. Routine blood tests and physical examinations were evaluated as normal. There was no history of any substance abuse or a physical illness. Examination results did not determine any pathology. Within a week after discontinuing medication the edema completely disappeared. Discussion: In these two cases peripheral edema developed during olanzapin treatment disappeared within 1 week after olanzapin discontinued. Because of the loss of edema after drug discontinuation and absence of any findings that explain edema, we concluded that edema was developed due to olanzapin. In second case edema occurred in 15'Th month of treatment. It is interesting that unlike literature the emergence of edema occurred later (1, 6-10). These two cases are important for warning clinicians about peripheral edema due to olanzapin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]