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Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes and behaviors of women in the reproductive period about Premenstrual Syndrome. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted with 228 patients who applied to Karabük Training and Research Hospital Family Medicine Outpatient Clinic between 07.12.2023 and 17.12.2023. In the study, men, women who were not in the reproductive period, pregnant women, foreign nationals and those who did not volunteer to participate in the study were excluded from the study. There was no sample selection in the study and all volunteers were included in the study. In the study, a questionnaire consisting of three parts and 35 questions created by literature review was applied face-to-face. Results: In the study; There was a significant correlation between the presence of chronic disease and dysmenorrhea (p=0.033) and between the presence of chronic disease and regular menstruation (p=0.021). A statistically significant correlation was found between the use of birth control pills and regular menstruation (p=0.019) and between physical complaints and dysmenorrhea during menstruation (p=0.002). With mental complaints experienced during menstruation; A statistically significant correlation was found between dysmenorrhea and regular menstruation (p<0.001, p=0.028, respectively), and between PMS in relatives and dysmenorrhea (p=0.011). When dysmenorrhea and menstrual cycle were evaluated according to sociodemographic data, it was determined that 60.1% of the participants had dysmenorrhea, 77.2% had regular menstruation, 76.3% thought that PMS negatively affected the quality of life, 74.6% found it right to pay attention to nutrition, and 75% thought that physical activity made PMS milder. In the dysmenorrhea and menstrual pattern of individuals; There was no statistically significant difference in terms of educational status (p=0.847; p=0.661, respectively), marital status (p=0.351; p=0.852, respectively), presence of children (p=0.657; p=0.779, respectively), type of delivery in birthing patients (p=0.478; p=0.372, respectively), economic status (p=0.458; p=0.550, respectively), presence of regularly used drugs (p=0.844; p=0.280, respectively), and age of first menstruation (p=0.111; p=0.591, respectively). Conclusion: In the light of the findings obtained in the study, it was determined that women thought that PMS had physical and psychological negative effects. It is thought that the increase in research on PMS will raise awareness in the approach of family physicians working in primary health care institutions to patients presenting with premenstrual syndrome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Artuklu Health is the property of Mardin Artuklu University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Gümüshane Üniversitesi Saglik Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Gumushane University, Faculty of Health Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of ESTUDAM Public Health Journal is the property of ESTUDAM Public Health Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Exercise Therapy & Rehabilitation is the property of Yavuz Yakut and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: Premenstrual syndrome is a set of emotional, physical and behavioural problems seen at the beginning of menstruation. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of premenstrual syndrome among midwifery students and to determine the coping methods of students. Materials and Method: The descriptive study was conducted between April 2022 and March 2023. No sample was selected in the study and 364 midwifery students from different universities in Turkey were reached. Data were collected using a personal information form and the Premenstrual Syndrome Scale. Chi-square and t-test in two independent groups were applied in the analyses of the data. Variables found to be significant as a result of these tests (p<0.05) were included in the binary logistic regression model. Results: The mean age of the students was 21.9±1.7 years and the mean age at menarche was 13.27±1.3 years. It was found that 48.5% of the students had regular menstruation, lasted an average of 4-7 days, and 82.6% of the students were dysmonereous. It was found that 82.5% of the students experienced physical complaints such as abdominal, lumbar and back pain during menstruation, and 77% of them experienced psychological disorders such as tension, nervousness and irritability. In coping with these problems, 41.7% of them resorted to herbal treatment and 31.5% to medical treatment. When the scores obtained by the students from the sub-dimensions of the PMS scale were evaluated according to the cut-off points; 75.2% of the students had appetite during premenstrual period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Gümüshane Üniversitesi Saglik Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Gumushane University, Faculty of Health Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In addition to the new treatment methods brought by technology, water is an important complementary treatment method that has been used from the past to the present. The purpose of this review is to examine the curative effects of water as a complementary treatment on women's health. Hydrotherapy applied during pregnancy reduces anxiety, stress, fatigue and edema, and increases the quality of life. Studies have shown that the use of water in the early stages of labor is effective in reducing labor pain, reduces the use of analgesia, and shortens the delivery time. Water in childbirth reduces anxiety, positively affects women to feel more comfortable and provide more birth control. Hydrotherapy is a method frequently used in the control of premenstrual syndrome from past to present, and it has been shown to be effective in alleviating premenstrual syndrome. It should not be forgotten that all water therapies should be used under the control of trained health professionals and in accordance with recommended protocols in order to be beneficial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Type D personality, defined as the presence of two personality characters -negative affectivity (NA) and social inhibition (SI), is associated with various disorders. The aim of our study was to investigate the association between Type D personality and premenstruel syndrome (PMS). Material and Methods A total of 286 female (86 with PMS and 200 control) were recruited for the study. The mean age of the participants was 21.28 ± 0.12 years. Data were obtained from the Premenstrual Syndrome Scale, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-21) and Type D Personality Scale (DS14). SPSS 22 (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) program was used to evaluate the data. Statistical significance level was accepted as p<0.05. T test was used to compare continuous variables, chi-square test was used to compare categorical data, and pearson correlation test was used to determine the relationships between continuous variables. Results Depression and Type D personality were found to be significantly more common in the PMS group than in the control group (p<0.0001). Type D personality was positively correlation with PMS and BDI-21 (r=0.434, p<0.0001; OD (r=0.621, p<0.0001). Conclusion A positive relationship was found between PMS and depression and Type D personality. Prospective studies with a large number of patients are needed to better understand the underlying mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Pamukkale Medical Journal is the property of Pamukkale Journal of Medicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: This study investigated Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) frequency and related factors. Methods: This descriptive and cross-sectional study sample consisted of 391 women aged 15-49 who applied to family medicine outpatient clinics in a rural hospital between 15.12.2019-01.03.2020. Data were collected using the Premenstrual Syndrome Scale (PMSS) and a sociodemographic questionnaire. A score above 50% of the highest possible score means that the person has PMS, while a score below 50% of the highest score means that the person does not have PMS. Results: The prevalence of PMS was 52.7% in the current study. When the patients are categorized according to their age, 64.9% (n=37) of the patients aged 15-19, 60.9% (n=42) aged 20-24, 71.9% aged 25-29 (n=41), 47.1% (n=41) aged 30-34, 30.4% (n=14) aged 35-39, 35.9% (n=14) aged 40- 44, and 47.2% (n=17) of those aged 45-49 were diagnosed with PMS. In the present study, the mean PMS scores of married women were lower than single or widowed women (p<0.001). Those who smoked had irregular menstruation, and those with a psychiatric illness in the last two years had higher PMSS scores (p<0.001, p<0.001 and p=0.010, respectively). Although the PMS score increases as the education level increases, it is not statistically significant (p= 0.517). There was no relationship between income status, residence, age at menarche, tea, coffee, chocolate, dairy products consumption and PMS. Conclusion: PMS is identified with a frequency of 52.7% among women between the ages of 15-49. While being married is advantageous in PMS, irregular menstrual cycles, painful menstruation, and having a psychiatric illness in the last two years are disadvantages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the personality traits, anxiety sensitivity, anxiety and depression levels of patients with Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). Materials and Methods: Forty PMDD patients with no psychiatric treatment history and 40 healthy women with similar sociodemographic characteristics and no history of systemic or psychiatric disease were included in the study. Anxiety-Sensitivity-Index-3 (ASI-3), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised Abbreviated (EPQR-S) were administered to all participants. Results: The patient group's EPQR-S neuroticism, psychoticism, lying subscales and total scores were significantly higher than the control group's scores. The ASI-3 physical, cognitive, social sub-dimensions and total score of the patient group were found to be significantly higher than the control group's score. The BDI and BAI scale scores of the patient group were found to be significantly higher than the scores of the control group. Conclusion: In women with high anxiety sensitivity, psychotic and neurotic personality traits, this may affect the development of PMDD or the course of the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Premenstrual syndrome is a frequently encountered psychological and physiological disorder in adolescents between 15 and 18 years of age. The aim of this study is to analyze the relationship of premenstrual syndrome with quality of life, level of anger and depression. One hundred fifty-six female high school students were recruited for the study. All completed sociodemographic form, Premenstrual Syndrome Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, Quality of Life Scale for Children (Adolescent Form) and The State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory. Results indicated that whilst the severity of premenstrual syndrome increases, depression and level of anger significantly increase, however, quality of life decreases. The partial mediation effect of depression and anger on the relationship between quality of life and premenstrual syndrome were found to be significant when examined separately. Moreover, anger had a significant partial mediation effect on the relationship between depression and premenstrual syndrome. In conclusion, in the treatment of individuals with premenstrual syndrome, the dimensions of depression, anger and quality of life should be controlled first and the relationships between these variables should not be ignored.

This study was conducted descriptively and correlationally to examine the relationship between premenstrual syndrome and healthy lifestyle behaviors among university students. Premenstrual syndrome is one of the problems seen in women of reproductive age. A descriptive correlation study. The study was carried out with 677 female students at Mehmet Akif Ersoy University. The data were collected using personal information form, Premenstrual Syndrome Scale, Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors Scale-II. In the analysis of the data; percentage distribution, Chi-square test, Independent Samples t-test, and Logistic regression analysis were used. Average age of students included in the study is 20:27±1.60. 73.3 percent of the students were menarche age 13-15 years, mean menstrual period 27.65±3.68 years, 76.4 percent menstruation period between 5-7 days, 87.6 percent stated regular menstruation, 81.4 percent had experienced dysmenorrhea. Premenstrual syndrome was found in 62% of the participating students. Students' scores of Premenstrual Syndrome were 121.30 ± 34.02, scores of Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors Scale-II were 123.50±18.63. In this study, the presence of dysmenorrhea, using salt before tasting the dish, the mother’s premenstrual syndrome were determined as factors affecting the premenstrual syndrome prevalence of female students. Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors Scale-II showed that spiritual development, feeding behavior lower sizes affected the premenstrual syndrome prevalence. As a result, it is seen that prevalence premenstrual syndrome prevalence is high and healthy lifestyle behaviors are at the medium level among university students. Women need to be addressed from ages of adolescence to cope with premenstrual syndrome, to promote healthy lifestyle behaviors.

This study was conducted to determine the cultural practices of nursing students who experience the premenstrual syndrome to reduce their complaints. The study population of this descriptive type research consists of the female students studying in the nursing department of a university. The study was carried out with the students who agreed to participate in the research voluntarily, without any sample selection. The data were collected online between June 1st and 15th, 2020, after obtaining the approval of the ethics committee (reached 93.1% of the population). The 'Personal Information Form' and the 'Premenstrual Symptoms Questionnaire' were used in the collection of the data. In the evaluation of the data, the number, percentiles, average, standard deviation and chi-square test were used. In the interpretation of the analyses, 95% confidence level and 0.05 error margin was taken into account. It was determined that 76.4% of the students was nervous/anxious, 72.7% had swelling, 70.8% had symptoms of fatigue/exhaustion, 60.2% had symptoms of pain, and 53.2% of the students benefited from cultural practices in order to reduce their complaints. While the socio-demographic characteristics of the students did not affect the use of cultural practices in the premenstrual period, the complaints during this period affects the use of cultural practices. Complaints in students during the premenstrual period are common problems and cultural practices for these complaints are frequently used. Information and advice should be provided on the use of evidence-based cultural practices for the control of the complaints during this period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Izmir Katip Celebi University Faculty of Health Sciences Journal / İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Izmir Katip Celebi University, Faculty of Health Sciene Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acibadem Saglik Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Acibadem University Medical School and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acibadem Saglik Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Acibadem University Medical School and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acibadem Saglik Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Acibadem University Medical School and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi is the property of University of Cumhuriyet, Faculty of Sciences & Arts and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Fe Journal: Feminist Critique / Fe Dergi: Feminist Elestiri is the property of Ankara University, Women's Studies Center (KASAUM) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of SPORMETRE: The Journal of Physical Education & Sport Sciences / Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of SPORMETRE: The Journal of Physical Education & Sport Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Premenstrual syndrome is a common health problem for women. Premenstrual syndrome is a clinical condition that occurs during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, and which spontaneously diminishes a few days after the onset of menstruation, including some physical, psychological and behavioral symptoms. Psychobehavioral and social factors play a role in the development of premenstrual syndrome as well as physiological factors related to interactions between gonodal steroid hormone and central nervous system neurotransmitters. Besides, significant changes in the prevalence of premenstrual syndrome in studies conducted in different countries of the world are explained by the fact that premenstrual syndrome is affected by some social and cultural characteristics of societies. This review is prepared for intention to debate current information on social and cultural factors affecting the premenstrual syndrome in women. These factors affecting premenstrual syndrome are covered under three headings: the effect of gender roles and attitudes, relationship structure in different sexual orientations and violence on women's premenstrual syndrome experiences. It is thought that this review will contribute to know the nurses that the relevant social and cultural factors are effective in the development of premenstrual syndrome, and to the planning of interventions to reduce or eliminate symptoms by evaluating patients in terms of these risk factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The purpose of the present study was to investigate autonomy nervous system activity during the menses and premenstrual period of the menstrual cycle using heart rate variability in women with prementstrual syndrome. Materials and methods: The study included volunteer women (n= 68), who were determined to have premenstrual symptoms according to the premenstrual syndrome diagnostic scale (ACOG), and who were between the ages of 18-30, students and assistants of Inonu University Medical Faculty. during the menses (1-3 days) and premenstrual (24-27 days) periods of the menstrual cycle, 5-minute ECG was taken and blood pressure measurements were made for one day heart rate variability analysis. In the statistical analysis of the data, normal distribution test was applied. Paired t test was used for repeated measurements of data providing normal distribution and Friedman test was used for analysis of data that did not provide normal distribution was used for the comparison of both phases of the menstrual cycle. p <0.05 values were accepted significant. Results: It was determined that time between two heartbeats and duration of QRS complex intervals, which are time dependent parameters, were statistically lower in premenstrual period than menses (p <0.05). High frequency (normalized) and % high frequency were statistically lower in the premenstrual period, while the frequency dependent parameters were statistically higher in the low frequency (normalized) and log low frequency/ high frequency premenstrual period than menses (p<0.05). Conclusion: Heart rate variability parameters reflecting sympathetic activity increased during the premenstrual period of the menstrual cycle. According to the findings changes in sympathetic activity may affect premenstrual symptoms to occur. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Traditional Medical Complementary Therapies is the property of Turkiye Klinikleri and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Anatolia Nursing & Health Sciences / Anadolu Hemsirelik Ve Saglik Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Ataturk University Coordinatorship of Scientific Journals and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between premenstrual syndrome (PMS) frequency and healthy lifestyle behaviors of university students. Material and Method: The universe of this descriptive study consisted of 341 female students studying at the Faculty of Health Sciences of Hitit University in the 2017-2018 academic year and the sample were 188 female students. The data of the study were collected between 01-30 March 2018 through a 28-Questions Personal Information Form and Premenstrual Syndrome Scale (PMSS), which were developed by the researchers in the light of literature. Results: PMS frequency of students was determined as 64.89%. The average score PMSS was determined as 121.38±33.36 and average score Healthy Promotion Lifestyle Profile II (HPLP-II) was determined as 126.70±20.46. In the study, a two-way correlation was found between the sub-dimensions of PMS scale and also sub-dimensions of healthy lifestyle behaviors. Conclusion: PMS complaints of students are moderate. Adoption of healthy lifestyle behaviors in young girls was found to be effective in reducing the frequency and severity of PMS. It is suggested that young girls should be educated about ways of coping with healthy lifestyle behaviors such as nutrition, sleep and stress management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a health problem that occur physical and psychological symptoms that be present about five days before menstruation, end within a few days after the onset of menstruation. The most common symptoms are appetite changes, edema, breast tenderness, abdominal pain, back pain, headache, fatigue, insomnia, depressive affect, irritability, angry outbursts, anxiety. Most women's half of life go through with premenstrual problems and quality of life is affected negatively. PMS prevalence is notably high in the world and our country. In this respect, it is important that increasing awareness of health professionals and women about PMS. The aim of this review is to explain current approaches of PMS management in the context of international guidelines. Getting detailed anamnesis for the diagnosis of PMS, if necessary, consultations and laboratory investigations are carried out. In addition, the diagnosis of PMS is confirmed by assessing women's symptom records for at least two months that the type of symptoms and the time of appearance these in the menstrual cycle. PMS management is carried out gradually by multidisciplinary team that adopted an integrative holistic approach in the direction of individualized plan. In the first step, creating awareness about PMS, teaching to women self-screening, lifestyle changes, regulation of diet, methods of coping with stress. In the second step, cognitive behavioral therapy and complementary alternative therapies are implemented. If the problem continues, pass on pharmacological treatment in the third step. Finally surgical treatment is applied in the fourth step. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of the study is to examine the life-long relationship between premenstrual syndrome (PMS) symptoms and mania/hypomania symptoms and declared personality structure among girls who are university students. Methods: A total of 294 volunteers selected by random sampling method from 13 universities located in Fatih (4), Sisli (5) and Uskudar (4) districts of Istanbul were included in the study. The inventories used in data collection phase of the study are Premenstrual Assessment Form (PAF), the Mood Disorder Questionnaire (MDQ) and a Sociodemographic Form developed by the research group. Results: %5.1 of the participants (n=15) are between 17-19 years of age, 83.7% (n=246) are between 20-23 years of age, 5.1% (n=15) are 24-26 years of age and 6.1% (n=18) are 27-28 years of age. There is a significant correlation between depressive affect, anxiety, fatigue, irritability, depressive thoughts, pain, appetite changes and sleep thoughts which are the dimensions of PAF and MDQ scores. There is a significant relationship between the age variable and depressive affect, depressive thoughts and MDQ scores. There is a significant relationship between depressive affect, anxiety, fatigue, irritability, depressive thoughts, pain, appetite changes and sleep thoughts which are the dimensions of Premenstrual Assessment Form and declared personality structure. Conclusion: According to the findings of our study, there is a statistically significant relationship between hormonal changes in PMS and mania/hypomania symptoms. Additionally, there is a statistically significant relationship between PMS and declared personality structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is defined as physical, behavioral and e motional disorders seen in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. It is reported that the prevalence of PMS changes in a wide range such as 5.9-76% in Turkey. PMS affects interpersonal relations negatively and it is associated with decreased productivity. The approach which of some changes in the balance of gonadal steroids and neurotransmitters may cause PMS is in the foreground although the etiology of PMS is not clearly known. Thyroid dysfunctions, fluid retention, psychological factors, hypoglicemia also may affect it. Not only hormonal changes, but also sociocultural factors such as the culture in which the person belongs, mother occupational and educational status, attitude towards to menstruation or dysmenorrhea have a role in the etiology of PMS. The most common symptoms in PMS are irritability, depressive mood, anxiety, tendency to violence, fatigue, feeling alone, enlargement and sensitivity in breast, edema in body, headache, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, increased appetite, acne formation or increasing, excessive thirst, pain in muscles and joints. It has been shown that the symptoms are associated with excessive consumption of tea, coffee, coke and alcohol beverages, chocolate, snacks rich in simple sugar, and inadequate milk consumption. Furthermore, an increase in energy and carbohydrate intake related to PMS and dietary calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, zinc and also thiamine, riboflavin, vitamin B6 and vitamin D and phytoestrogens intake is shown to be associated with PMS symptoms. Further studies on the nutritional status of individuals in premenstrual period are needed to determine the relationship between PMS and nutrition with a holistic approach, and to develop nutrition protocols both decreasing the incidence and alleviating the symptoms. In this review, the effect of nutritional status on the development and symptom severity of PMS has been discussed using the recent literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study aims to determine the prevalence of Premenstrual Syndrome and to evaluate associated factors in nursing students. Methods: 184 female students responded to participate in this cross-sectional study. The dependent variable was the existence of Premenstrual Syndrome. The data was collected through a Personal Information Form (formed by the researchers) and the Premenstrual Syndrome Scale. The data was analyzed by SPSS 16.0 statistical package program and t test, Mann Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis variance analysis and logistic regression analysis were used. A p-value <0.05 was accepted as the significance level. Results: The average total score of the students in the Premenstrual Syndrome Scale was 110.49±32.62. According to logistic regression model, Premenstrual Syndrome in students who stayed at the dormitory was 4.19 times greater than the students who stayed at their homes (95% CI: 2.12-8.32). In addition, it was 6.69 times (95% CI: 1.24-6.01) greater in the students who had gynecologic diseases than those who did not have such diseases and it was 2.96 times (95% CI: 1.31-6.73) greater in students that consumed fast-food than those who consumed a diet with fruits and vegetables. Conclusion: The average mean Premenstrual Syndrome scores of the students were greater and every other student has Premenstrual Syndrome. The students' awareness of Premenstrual Syndrome needs to be improved and there should be efforts in order to introduce methods for dealing with the problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study was carried out descriptively to determine the frequency and affecting factors of perimenstrual symptoms in reproductive women living in Ödemis. Material and Methods: This study was conducted on 273 women between 15-49 years of age who were registered to Number 1 Primary Health Center in Ödemis district of Izmir. The data were collected by using a questionnaire form and Menstrual Distress Questionnaire (MDQ) developed by Rudolf H. Moos and face-to-face interview technique was used. In the analysis of data was performed by "t" test and variance analysis. Results: The mean age of women was 30.05±9.13. Women had experienced mostly negative sensibility and pain which were in MDQ sub-groups during both the menstrual and premenstrual periods. The most common premenstrual complaints were tension (76.6%), breast pain sensitivity (74.4%), and the most common menstrual complaints were abdominal cramping-pain (76.6%), back-lumbar pain (73.3%). It was determined that 46.4% of the women used drugs to cope with perimenstrual complaints. It was concluded that there was a statistically significant relationship between premenstrual period MDQ total scores and working status, smoking, excessive consumption of tea and coffee, disruption in interpersonal relationships, using the method of coping with complaints. It was also detected that there was a statistically significant relationship between menstrual period MDQ total scores and age, marital status, working status, parity, family members with perimenstrual complaints, disruption in interpersonal relationships, using the method of coping with complaints. Conclusion: As a result of the research, it was determined that women experienced more perimenstrual complaints among sub-group of negative sensibility and pain did not use efficient methods of coping with complaints. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study was carried out to investigate the effects of the education given to cope with PMS on symptoms and life quality. Material and methods: Fifty subjects as experiment group from Konya Health Care High School and 50 controls from Akşehir Health Care High School, totally 100 individuals, were included into the study. All data in the study were accumalated using a questionnarie with 23 questions prepared by the researcher, Premenstrual Syndrome Scale (PMSS) and WHOQOL-BRIEF (Short Form) were used. Results: The difference between the mean pretest and posttest PMSS scores of the experiment group was found to be statistically significant. When life quality sublimits were assessed in experiment group before and after the education, a significant difference was seen in the scores before and after the education in terms of the sublimits of psychological health status and social contacts. Conclusion: Consequently, it was concluded that PMS is a significant health problem during adolescent period and affects life quality of the students. It was determined that education plays a role to deal with PMS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This research was conducted to examine the variables associated with postpartum depression and the prevalence. Method: In a cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in three different health centers. 221 women participated in the study voluntarily. Data Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale was collected by using a face-to-face interview method. Evaluation of the data points and percentage distribution, "t" test, analysis of variance was used. Findings: 26.2% of women were high levels of depressive symptoms according to Edinburgh Postnatal Dep-ression Scale. Women who were less educated, not working anywhere, low income, having a depression his-tory previously, having a family history of depression, using alcohol, assess the negative relationship with his husband, unintentionally become pregnancy, engaged in vaginal deliveries, or had previous premenstrual syndrome symptoms, had a fever of giving birth, living postpartum distress, have a boy baby, have a unhealthy baby, not take family support, tended to report higher levels of depressive symptoms. Discussion and Conclusion: The results of this study are important because it shows the variables associ-ated with postpartum depression. Factors associated with postpartum depression, taking into account mainly the development of maternal and child health, including community mental health services for women du-ring pregnancy and the postpartum period, psychosocial evaluation and monitoring is recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This research was conducted to investigate the premenstrual syndrome symptoms in university students, the factors affecting premenstrual syndrome and the relation between premenstrual syndrome and somatization. Methods: The research was performed on 890 students who study at Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University and accepted to take part in the research. Data were collected by a Descriptive Information Form developed by the researchers, the Premenstrual Syndrome Scale (PSS) and the Somatization Scale. In the analysis of the data Student t test, ANOVA and Pearson correlation analysis was used. Results: Premenstrual syndrome was detected in 57.2% of the students. Somatization score significantly higher in students with premenstrual syndrome. There were significant relations between the subscale scores of PSS (pain, sleep changes, fatigue, depressive thoughts, anxiety, depressed mood, irritability, and bloating and appetite changes) and somatization score of the students. PSS total mean scores were significantly higher in students who smoke and drink alcohol, who have long menstruation process and menstrual cycles, who have pain in menstruation process, who affect daily life, school attendance and school performance because of menstrual problems, who have a negative perception about menstruation, who have problems related to menstruation in other women in their families and who have admit to doctor because of menstrual problems. Conclusion: Our study shows that PMS is common among university students. Somatization tendency of students with premenstrual syndrome was higher than non-premenstrual syndrome students. Premenstrual syndrome should be addressed through a holistic approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a condition which appear at the late luteal phase of menstrual cycles with physical changes include breast swelling, fatigue, headache, weight gain and psychological changes include depressive mood, irritability, and tension. These changes remit after the onset of menstruation. This syndrome can occur 80% of women population but it is severe form can only be seen 5% of women and called premenstrual dysphoric disorder or late luteal phase syndrome. In this review, current literature about diagnosis, etiology and treatment of premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder is examined. We searched Pubmed Medline (1950-2011)using the terms "premenstrual syndrome," "premenstrual dysphoric syndrome,". The exact cause of PMS has not been identified, but several theories were proposed to explain this disorder. Biological etiology of the disorder explained by the sensitivity of some women's to normal biological fluctuations of gonadal hormones. Psychosocial factors also influence the severity of symptoms. These biological and psychological vulnerability presented as somatic and psychological symptoms of the premenstrual dysphoric disorder. Current evidences suggested that this disorders stem from the interaction between hormones and the central nervous system and pharmacological agents and psychosocial interventions can alleviate the symptoms of this disorder. For many women with mild symptoms, lifestyle approaches are enough to control symptoms. In severe cases, hormonal treatments and antidepressants may be helpful. Combined oral contraceptive drugs and selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors are used to treat premenstrual symptoms. Cognitive behavioral therapy may be an alternative psychosocial treatment to drug treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Objective: Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) occurs frequently in women during the reproductive period. The serotonergic abnormality is thought to be in foreground etiologically, because of the characteristics of its symptoms. We aimed to study, whether thrombocyte serotonin levels are different between PMDD and healthy control groups. Methods: Twenty patients who were daignosed with PMDD after two months follow up and 20 healthy controls were included the study. Depression and anxiety levels of the subjects were determined in follicular and luteal phases. Venous blood samples were obtained during both phases. Thrombocyte serotonin levels were measured by High Pressure Liquid Cromotography-Electrochemical Detector method. Results: Depression and anxiety levels of PMDD group were higher than control group in both phases. Thrombocyte serotonin levels were not different between PMDD and control groups in both phases. Thrombocyte serotonin levels were higher during follicular phase than luteal phase in both groups. Conclusion: According to our results the serotonergic abnormality, that was claimed to be important in PMDD etiology, was not in thrombocyte serotonin levels which reflect the serotonin levels in central nervous system. This abnormality may be associated with serotonergic postsynaptic receptor response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]