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Self-determination is defined as a right of individuals with disabilities to have control over their lives and the combination of knowledge, skills, beliefs, and opportunities required to exercise this right. This study aims to address this issue, which has just started to take place in the field of disability in Turkey, from the perspective of educators and to reveal the knowledge, opinions and practices of teachers working in special education vocational schools. The study was conducted with qualitative research method and phenomenological approach. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 13 special education teachers working in five different special education schools in Istanbul. The data were analyzed using MAXQDA qualitative data analysis program under the themes of Knowledge on Self-determination, Views on Self-determination, and Views on Self-determination and School. As a result of the analysis, it was seen that most of the special education teachers are not familiar with the concept of self-determination and thought that most young people with mild intellectual disabilities in their school do not have the right, opportunities, and skills of self-determination. It was also revealed that there are individual, familial, and socio-political barriers to the self-determination of young people with mild intellectual disabilities and educational practices in special education vocational schools do not sufficiently support the self-determination. In line with these results, recommendations for service areas, research, interventions, and policies are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Turkish Educational Sciences is the property of Journal of Turkish Educational Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: The effect of Social Learning Theory on the Theory of Mind skill of children with mild intellectual disabilities was examined. The working group of this research consists of 30 children who continue their education in a private education institution in Beyoğlu District of Istanbul Province in the 2019-2020 academic year. A total of 30 children, 15 in the experimental group and 15 in the control group, were included in the study. Method: The study group of the research was conducted as a quasi-experimental, since it could not be chosen objectively to form participants with equal initial conditions. The research was designed as Pre-Test and Post-Test Unequaled Groups according to the control group model. Social Learning Theory was applied to children with mild mental disabilities in the experimental group for eight weeks, in a total of 16 sessions. As a data collection tool in the study, "Unexpected Content Change, First Order False Mind Attribution Task and Second Order False Consideration Attribution Task" were used in the Theory of Mind (ToM) measurements. Results: The statistically significant difference was found in favor of the experimental group between the total scores of the posttest theory of mind tests of children with mild mental disability in the experimental and control groups. Mild mental disability children in the experimental group were found to be statistically significantly higher than the post-test unexpected content change, first-order misconception attribution and second-order false belief attribution test pre-test scores. Conclusion: The results of the study, Social Learning Theory has a positive effect on the theory of mind of children with mild intellectual disabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Similar to essential air, water, and food, sleep is a basic physiological requirement for all living beings. Sleep is essential for growth and development in children. Sleep problems are considered to be a major challenge in physiological, psychological, and social dimensions, especially for children with intellectual disabilities as well as their mothers. Therefore, understanding and taking appropriate measures is necessary to address sleep problems that negatively affect these children and their mothers. This review aimed to identify sleep problems and provide solutions for children with intellectual disabilities and their mothers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) is a method used in patients with drug-resistant epileptic seizures. Apart from epilepsy, it has also been used in migraine, chronic pain and depression. Obstructive sleep apnea, aspiration of gastric contents, vocal cord paralysis, hoarseness, dyspnea and cardiac arrhythmias are common complications in patients with VNS and may cause problems in anesthesia applications. A 25-year-old male patient was scheduled for an emergency operation by orthopedics due to a deep incision and active bleeding in the right knee. The patient was mentally retarded and non-cooperative, and his cardiac and respiratory system examination was normal. The patient, who has had epilepsy since the age of 3, had a VNS device inserted 2 years ago. Blood biochemistry, hemogram and coagulation parameters, ECG, chest radiography and neurology consultation were requested. He was operated on without any intervention to the VNS device. General anesthesia was applied and the patient was intubated. BIS monitoring was applied, there was no problem in the intraoperative period, he was taken to the intensive care unit in the postoperative period. It is recommended that the VNS device be turned off or reprogrammed prior to elective surgery. In emergency situations, the device may not be intervened in any way. Using LMA is not recommended as it may cause airway obstruction. In intubated patients, stimulation of the vagus may cause damage to the vocal cord. Seizures may occur in the perioperative and postoperative period. In the postoperative period, the patient should be followed closely due to respiratory problems and obstructive sleep apnea. Anesthesiologists should be aware of the technical features of non-cardiac implantable electrical devices, side effects and problems that may be encountered during anesthesia applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Nursing Sciences is the property of Turkiye Klinikleri and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: In this study, it is aimed to investigate sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of children and adolescents who are under institutional care in Düzce city and the factors that may be related to mental problems. Methods: A total of 61 children and adolescents in institutional care were enrolled at the Düzce University Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department during the period of 2016¬2018 years. Clinical evaluations of the patients were made according to the DSM 5 diagnostic system and the patients were evaluated by the Depression Scale for Children, Beck Depression Scale, Scanning and Assessment Scale for Anxiety and Related Disorders, Beck Anxiety Scale, and also the Screening and Assessment Scale for Disruptive Behavioral Disorders Based on DSM-IV was filled by institutional staff and teachers. Results: The most common causes of institutional care were poverty, failure to provide basic care for the child, neglect and abuse. The median age for to be institutionalized was 96 months, and the median duration for the institution care was 36 months. At least one psychopathology was found to be diagnosed in 90.2% of 61 children. The most frequent clinical diagnoses were ADHD, MDD, DBD, MR and LD. The relationship between psychopathology presence and parental separation also between inattention, hyperactivity / impulsivity, oppositional behaviour and behavioral problems reported by both teachers and institutional officials was found to be significantly correlated Conclusion: Our findings may suggest that even if even if the child remains in the institution, the parents' ability to continue living together may have a protective effect. On the other hand, the behavioral problems reported by the institutional staff and the attention problems that teachers observe may be stimulating for different psychopathologies in these children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heterotopia, referred to as a limited or common neuronal migration disorder, may manifest clinically with mild mental retardation, epileptic seizures, psychiatric symptoms, or systemic disorders. Approximately 90% of cases have drug-resistant epileptic seizures. Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) is an epileptic encephalopathy with cognitive impairment; it is treatment-resistant and has a poor prognosis, with multiple patterns of seizures and specific electroencephalographic (EEG) patterns. In this case, the brain imaging showed band heterotopy, an EEG 2-2.5 Hz spike wave, and multiple spike and fast rhythms. This case of a 17-year-old male patient with drug-resistant tonic, atonic, myoclonic, atypical absence seizures, and behavioral abnormalities who was diagnosed with LGS was presented to highlight the difficulty in treatment management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Apert syndrome is an autosomal dominant craniosynostosis syndrome accompanied by limb anomalies. The fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) gene is responsible for the disease and two different heterozygous mutations, p.Pro253Arg and p.Ser252Trp, have been defined as responsible in the majority of cases of Apert syndrome. In this case report, two patients with Apert syndrome with two different FGFR2 gene mutations are presented. Case-1, a 4-month-old boy with craniosynostosis and syndactyly was referred to pediatric genetic clinic. The molecular analysis revealed p.Pro253Arg mutation in the FGFR2 gene, which confirmed the diagnosis of Apert syndrome. Case-2, a 16-year-old girl with developmental delay, cleft palate, syndactyly, and craniosynostosis, was also diagnosed as having Apert syndrome. A molecular diagnosis identified a p.Ser252Trp heterozygous mutation in the FGFR2 gene. Case-1 underwent surgery for craniosynostosis at age 10 months and he was developmentally normal during the 2 year follow-up period. As a conclusion, early surgical intervention should be considered in cases of Apert syndrome to prevent intellectual disability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: In this study, we aimed to investigate sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of children and adolescents applied to a university of child and adolescent psychiatry unit and referred to the Disability Health Committee. This study results were also aimed to contribute to the previous studies about child and adolescent psychiatry disabilities. Methods: 352 children and adolescents applied to Düzce University Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and referred to University Disability Health Committee between December 2016-2017 were analyzed retrospectively. Results: 58% (n=204) of patient group were female and 42% (n=148) were male. The mean age was 7.63±4.45. 38.1 % (134) of the cases were in the range of 0-6 years of age, 46 % (162) of the cases were in the range of 7-12 years of age and 15.6 % (55) of the cases were in the range of 13-28 years of age. The most common reasons for admission were special educational needs due to developmental delays and academic problems. (%74,7 n=263) and health status report for homecare-payment and salary (%25,3 n=89). The most common clinical diagnoses were mental retardation and developmental delay (%36,1 n=127), learning disorder (%20,2 n=71) and pervasive developmental disorders (%11,1 n=39) respectively. Conclusion: In pediatric population early diagnoses of developmental delays, autism spectrum disorders and learning disorders and developing medical and educational strategies would help to reduce disability ratios and also enhance academic and social functionality of children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) are a genetically and clinically heterogeneous group of upper motor neuron disorders. Although the primary feature of HSP is lower extremity weakness ("uncomplicated" form), sequelae and clinical features of this disorder may include other neurological deficits such as dementia, neuropathy, retinopathy, mental retardation, and seizures ("complicated" form). To date, more than 56 different genetic loci and 41 HSP-related genes have been described as causative for autosomal dominant, recessive or X-linked HSP. One such locus on chromosome 15q, also known as locus SPG11 (OMIM 604360), has been shown to link to a complicated autosomal recessive form of disease known as HSP with thin corpus callosum (HSP-TCC). Herein we describe the identification and clinical presentation of a new family from Eastern Turkey with autosomal recessive HSP associated with mental retardation, epilepsy and a thinned corpus callosum on MRI. Using array-based SNP genotyping, we demonstrate linkage to the SPG11 locus on chromosome 15q13-15. Array-based copy number variation (CNV) analysis was also performed. Our results not only expand the phenotypic heterogeneity associated with the SPG11 locus to include an earlier age of onset with epilepsy, but also confirm the linkage to a 13 Mbp interval on chromosome 15q. This data, when added to those previously reported, support the notion that SPG11 is a phenotypically and genetically heterogeneous disorder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Costello syndrome is probably an autosomal dominant inherited disorder that is characterized by postnatal growth retardation, developmental delay, coarse facies, loose skin, nonprogressive cardiomyopathy and friendly behavior. The aim of this study was to evaluate a variety of clinical findings and cardiac involvement of six patients diagnosed as Costello syndrome. Materials and Methods: Six cases that had a typical features of Costello syndrome admitted to pediatric cardiology department due to cardiac murmur between 2002-2013 years were evaluated. Their complaints, clinical findings, treatments and clinical courses were examined. Results: Three of the patients were male and the mean age of patients was 34±12 months (7 months to 11 years). All of the cases had coarse faces, deep palmar and plantar creases, hypertelorism, epicanthal folds, depressed nasal bridges and cardiac murmur at auscultation. Congenital heart disease was found in all patients. Five patients had pulmonary stenosis and balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty was performed in 3 of these patients. Atrial septal defect was detected in 3 patients and 1 of the patient had hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Mental retardation was found in 2 patients. Conclusions: Costello syndrome must be keep in mind in all patients with psychomotor retardation, coarse faces, sparse hairs, deep palmar and plantar creases, phenotypical features resembling a storage disease especially in association with pulmonary stenosis and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Pegem Journal of Education & Instruction / Pegem Egitim ve Ögretim is the property of Pegem Journal of Education & Instruction / Pegem Egitim ve Ogretim and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Beginning from the village monographs, it has not already been mentioned about the insane people, with whom we are able to come across in every village of Anatolia, at almost none of the studies concerning the folk life in rural living spaces. This situation has not been changed even at the studies about the urban culture, which have been processed frequently since the beginning of 1990's. Previously, the identically adaptation efforts of the methods of determination and analysis, which were followed at the studies, related with rural regions, into the oral culture studies of rural spaces, have already been the determinative factor in this aspect. Whereas the insane people and the growing culture around them, belief and the way of thinking have a quite important place, like a great many of facts which have not been noticed up to the present in the district life, where keeps cultural codes of city life in its structure. Besides the determination of the changing or unchanging facts in social perception towards to the people, accepted as "insane" with or without a mental disease, the other hints, gained from the telling narrations, of which place are mostly parts of urban living space, will provide possibility to the researchers of culture to obtain new researching subjects and to get different viewpoints. This study aims to emphasize the necessity to add new headings to the researchers of city culture by Giresun sample via the insane people, living in cities. It is tried to mention about the ways of perception of urban people in the narratives of insane that has got distinctive features by the narratives about themselves in Giresun urban life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of the present study is to identify the diagnoses of patients who referred to a child and adolescent psychiatry outpatient clinic. Method: Medical records of 538 patients referred to the Children and Adolescent Psychiatry outpatient clinic at Gulhane Military Medical School, between January 2009 and June 2009 were studied retrospectively. Results: It was found that the patients were mostly male and within 7 to 18 years of age. It was also determined that three quarters of patients had at least one diagnosis and the diagnosis rate in children between the ages of 0-6 was 50 percent. Comorbid diagnoses were found in 13.7 percent of all cases and they were mainly in the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) group. The most common diagnoses were ADHD, generalized anxiety disorder, mental retardation, depression and enuresis, respectively. The most common diagnosis in all age subgroups was ADHD. While the most common diagnoses in boys are ADHD, mental retardation, generalized anxiety disorder, enuresis and depression respectively, they were ADHD, generalized anxiety disorder, depression, mental retardation and enuresis in girls. Conclusion: To know the most common diagnoses, diagnosis differences within genders and possible diagnoses for certain age groups will be useful for improving child and adolescent psychiatry services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Selcuk University Social Sciences Institute Journal is the property of Selcuk University Social Sciences Institute Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of this study is to find out whether prospective teachers of visually impaired and mentally disabled reading the panel discussion of high credibility persons who had disability realistic information and to successfully interact with the mentally disabled children and visually impaired children in through delivering instruction in five times would be effective in changing attitudes toward disabled. Within the light of these purposes, a non control group pre test - post test model which is one of the semi experimental designs was used. The subjects of this study are the 4th year students in Gazi Education Faculty, Teaching of Visually Impairment and Mentally Impairment Department. The findings gathered at the end of the study showed that whether prospective teachers of visually impaired and mentally disabled reading the panel discussion of high credibility persons who had disability in ATDP (Attitude Toward Disabled Persons) Scale their positive attitudes in the beginning has lead to more positive attitudes on ATDP Scale. Whether prospective teachers of visually impaired and mentally disabled contact successfully with the mentally disabled children and visually impaired children in through delivering instruction in five times who had their positive attitudes in the beginning has not lead to more positive attitudes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sjögren-Larsson syndrome (SLS) is a recessively inherited disorder characterized by congenital icthyosis, spastic diplegia and mental retardation. The disorder is caused by mutations in the aldehyde dehydrogenase family 3, subfamily A2 gene on 17th cromosome. Patients exibit highly charecteristic bilateral, glistening yellow-white retinal dots from the age of 1 to 2 years onward. We report on ophthalmological features of SLS in our 9 years old female patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bezoar is a mass that cannot be digested and that is collected in the gastrointestinal system. Being the exact frequency still unknown; it is rare among children. Trichobezoar is especially encountered in young adolescent girls who have psychiatric/neurologic problems. In this report; a fifteen year old girl who has stomachache and vomiting is presented. A mass without pain on palpation was diagnosed as trichobezoar by performing an endoscopy. A mass which weighed 1.5 kilograms and which took the shape of the stomach was removed out of her stomach by laparatomy. On her psychiatric examination; she was diagnosed with mild mental retardation and obsessive compulsive disorder. Trichobezoar should be considered when adolescent girls with psychiatric problems come with gastrointestinal symptoms such as stomachache and vomiting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heterotopia is a localized or diffuse neuronal migration disorder. Clinically it may be associated with mental retardation, epileptic seizures, psychiatric symptoms or systemic disorders. Epileptic seizures are seen in about 90% of cases and are usually resistant to treatment. The disorder may present itself at any age, up to adulthood. In this paper, we report a case of heterotopia presenting with epileptic seizures and hemiparesis in which seizures were fairly well controlled with monotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]