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Konak Asarı is located in a plateau and forested area in the southeast of Eşme district in Uşak, Central Western Anatolia. In the settlement located on a high ridge to the east of Asar Hill, various pottery shards and chipped stone tools that contribute to prehistoric research in the Uşak region were identified. This settlement, dating back to the Neolithic Age, has cultural relations with the settlements in its immediate surroundings and in the Upper Menderes valley. It is also connected to Sarıgöl, Alaşehir plains and Manisa-Gediz region. There is little diversity in form among the brown, red and grey slipped pottery dating back to the 7th millennium BC. Apart from the bowls and pots consisting of undecorated examples, many flint tools were identified. Three flint cores were found, indicating the production of chipped stone tools in the settlement. Additionally, 2 obsidian tools were identified. The settlement findings are similar to the Upper Menderes Valley, Lakes Region and Western Anatolian coastal settlements. Konak Asarı provides descriptive data about the Neolithic Age settlements of the Uşak Region, specifically Western Anatolia, and its pottery typology and chipped stone tool technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Black Sea / Karadeniz is the property of Black Sea / Karadeniz and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Obsidiyenin, tarihin en eski dönemlerinden itibaren uzun mesafeli dağıtımı çeşitli takas modelleri ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu bağlamda, tarihöncesi dönemlerdeki bölgeler arası ilişkileri ve dönemin sosyal yapısını belirlemede en ideal arkeolojik malzemelerden birini obsidyen oluşturmaktadır. Aydın ili, Çine ilçesi sınırları içinde yer alan Çine-Tepecik Höyük’te şimdiye kadar yapılan kazılar sırasında toplam 10,070 adet yontmataş buluntu ele geçmiş olup bunların 6113 tanesi obsidiyenden meydana gelmektedir. Çine Tepecik Höyük’te Kalkolitik Çağ’dan itibaren alet yapımında obsidiyen kullanımının diğer kayaçlara oranla daha fazla olduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Bu makalede, Çine-Tepecik Höyük’ün Kalkolitik, Erken, Orta ve Geç Tunç Çağı tabakalarından ele geçen obsidiyen buluntuların genel yapısı ve buna bağlı olarak bu dönemlerdeki obsidiyen tedarik ve takas ağındaki yeri belirtilmeye çalışılmıştır. Söz konusu obsidiyen buluntuların kaynak yerlerinin anlaşılması amacıyla XRF analizleri yapılmıştır. Bunun yanı sıra, obsidiyen endüstrisinin genel yapısının anlaşılması için, söz konusu buluntular üzerinde tekno-tipolojik incelemeler yapılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler, Çine Tepecik Höyüğün obsidiyen dağılımındaki rolünü belirlemede kullanılmıştır. Bu analizler sonucunda, obsidiyenin Melos ve Giali Adaları ile Orta Anadolu’daki Nenezi, Göllüdağ ve Acıgöl kaynaklarından farklı şekillerde tedarik edilmiş olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Birden fazla kaynaktan elde edilen obsidiyenin farklı takas modelleri ile yerleşim yerine getirilmiş olduğu görülmektedir. Stratejik pozisyonlarına bağlı olarak Çine-Tepecik Höyüğün, Kalkolitik Çağ’dan itibaren Menderes nehri vadisi aracılığıyla obsidiyen dağıtımını yapan önemli bir yerleşim yeri olduğu düşünülmektedir. Bu açıdan bakıldığında, Çine-Tepecik Höyük Batı Anadolu’daki çağdaş yerleşimleri arasında oldukça önemli bir yere sahiptir.

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Zayıf zeminlerin mühendislik özelliklerini iyileştirmek için doğal malzemelerin kullanımı günümüzde daha yaygın hale gelmiştir. Bu durumun temel sebeplerini ekonomi, sürdürülebilirlik ve çevresel etki oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışmada özellikle, Doğu Anadolu Bölgesinde yayılım gösteren volkanik bir kayaç olan obsidiyenin (volkanik cam) taneli zeminlerin iyileştirilmesi ve donma-çözülme olaylarının sıkça yaşandığı bölgelerdeki mühendislik yapılarının temel ve alt temel uygulamalarında kullanılabilirliğinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Taneli zemine, %5, %10 ve %15 oranlarında öğütülmüş obsidiyen ilave edilerek elde edilen numunelerin donma-çözülme öncesi ve sonrası serbest basınç mukavemetleri belirlenmiştir. Deneyler standart proktor enerjisi altında sıkıştırılması ile hazırlanan taneli zemin numuneleri üzerinden yürütülmüştür. En yüksek serbest basınç mukavemetin elde edildiği 28- günlük kür sonunda, taneli zemin+%5 Obsidiyen karışımı, ana malzeme olan taneli zemin ile karşılaştırıldığında donma-çözülme öncesi %63.50, donma-çözülme sonrası ise %52.62 oranında mukavemet artışı meydana gelmiştir. Sonuç olarak, en yüksek mukavemet artışlarının elde edildiği taneli zemin+5% obsidiyen karışımının özellikle soğuk iklim bölgelerinde kullanılabileceği kanaatine varılmıştır.

The aim of this study is to investigate the geomorphological characteristics of Meydan Volcanic area located in the Van province north of Lake Van. Factors such as tectonic volcanic, hydrographic, which are effective in the geomorphological evolution of the study area were investigated, radiometric aging (40Ar/39Ar) methods were applied for the aging of volcanic rocks and Geographic Information Systems were used for thematic mapping studies. Radiometric dating was performed on the samples taken from volcanic rocks (obsidian) and the results were compared with the ages given in the literature. Origin and features of volcanic products were determined by geochemical analysis (LA-ICP-MS). As a result of the study, it was concluded that Meydan Caldera had collapsed before the formation of the Gürgürbaba obsidian dome (420±24 ka). The later extrusion of the dome has been and destroyed the eastern slope of Meydan Kalderası during the formation of Gürgürbaba Dome It is understood that the source of all obsidian spread in the volcanic area of the Meydan is Gürgürbaba Dome. In addition, Meydan volcanism caused a change in the drainage network. The drainage type of the rivers formed according to the old topography has changed and a radial type drainage network compatible with the new volcanic topography has developed.

The region of Volcanic Cappadocia in Central Anatolia is home to the most important obsidian sources of Anatolia. As a knappable volcanic glass that could be transformed into sharp-edged tools, obsidian was intensively exploited as a raw material for tool technologies by the prehistoric communities. The rich obsidian sources in the region should have had influenced the location choices of the early sedentary communities. The circulation of the Central Anatolian obsidian throughout the Near East and Cyprus hints at a direct or indirect interregional network of communication from the early prehistory onwards. With the aim of documenting evidence on the interaction between communities and regions during prehistory, detecting the movement areas of communities, and locating new findspots, a survey was conducted on the northern slopes of the Niğde Massif that form the southeastern part of Volcanic Cappadocia. The Niğde Prehistoric Survey Project took place from 2016 to 2018. Following an introduction of the history of research in the region and a general overview of the geological and geographical characteristics of the Niğde Massif, this paper discusses the possible inter-regional interaction mechanisms based on the findspots detected during this survey project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Eastern Anatolia region of Turkey, where the owner has the geological structure as an important source of obsidian. One of the important obsidian source areas of the region is Bingöl obsidian beds. Obsidian beds within the geographical boundaries of Bingöl province are mostly located in the volcanic areas between Bingöl city centre and Solhan and Karlıova districts. Bingöl origin obsidians have been one of the important raw material sources traded in prehistoric times. That source of raw materials spread over large areas, mostly to the southern regions, as a result of commercial relations. However, field studies on these obsidian beds are limited despite the awareness of the obsidian beds in the provincial geography. For this purpose, in order to obtain more detailed data on obsidian beds in Bingöl, We initiated new archaeological studies in 2019. As a result of these studies, new obsidian sources were detected within the borders of Sarı Başak, Kulan and Efendi River hamlets of Yenihan Village of Solhan District, as well as Alatepe Village of Bingöl city centre. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Journal of Faculty of Letters / Edebiyat Fakultesi Dergisi is the property of Hacettepe University Faculty of Letters and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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The use of natural materials to improve the engineering properties of poor soils has become more common today. The main reasons of this situation are the economy, sustainability and environmental impact. The aim of this study is to determine the usability of the obsidian, which is a volcanic rock that is spreading mostly in the Eastern Anatolia Region, on the soils and foundation strengthening in the areas where the freeze-thaw events are frequently experienced. %5, %10 and %15 pulverized obsidian were added to the granular soil and unconfined compressive strengths were determined before and after freezing. Experiments were carried out on granular soil samples prepared by compression under standard proctor energy. At the end of the 28-day curing period where the highest unconfined compressive strength was obtained, the granular soil + 5% Obsidian mixture increased 63.50% before the freeze-thawing and 52.62% after freezing-thawing compared to the granular soil which is the main material. As a result, it was concluded that the highest strength increase of granular soil+ %5 obsidian mixture can be used especially in cold climatic zones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The first traces belonging to humankind in Muş geography go back to the Paleolithic period. By the movement of the obsidians of the Eastern Anatolian region, which were obtained from the sources such as Van, Suphan mount (in Tatvan), Bingöl and Muş, into the Mesopotamia geography, an increase in human type activities in Muş geography in the Neolithic age. In the Chalcolithic period, when sociological changes such as the emergence of the city and state type economies and emergence of bureaucracy class, Muş province fell under the influence of the cultures such as Halaf and Uruk which were incident to Mesopotamia. With the beginning of the Bronze Age, Muş geography located at the range of Karaz culture defined as the cultures of shepherds' groups which had a nomadic lifestyle and whose people lived generally through the livestock sector. Moreover, it had maintained until the end of the Bronze Age. However, the nomadic clan structure of the past which was very effective in the regional geography transformed into the forms of Uruadri and Nairi confederations politically and socially by time, in this way, Muş geographical area remained inside the area of Nairi country. By the establishment of the Urartian Kingdom, an increase in military and human mobility was seen in the region. After the sovereignty of the Urartians, Muş witnessed the spreading activities of the states such as Med, Seleukos, Part, Roma, and Sassanid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The way of life of mobile human groups began to change radically with changing climatic conditions during the onset of Holocene. The once mobile hunter-gatherers gradually experienced a more permanent sedentism, accompanied by new tools and economic solutions. It is not an easy task to understand this transitional period that lasted for hundreds of years in diverse contexts with different parameters, resulting from the unique behaviours of communities. This period of transition nestles traces of both mobility and sedentism. The region of Cappadocia is home to a vital source of raw material, obsidian, alongside different geological formations such as valleys, water sources, high cliffs and crests, and salt. The landscape allowed hunter-gatherers an easy access to a variety of resources. However, in contrast, this unique structure creates disadvantages to researchers aiming to understand the earliest inhabitants of the region. It is difficult to define Epipalaeolithic campsites, which were occupied for a short period of time with little in situ accumulation of archaeological remains. Natural erosion in the region and similar habitation preferences of the early Christian settlers caused further destruction of what the Epipalaeolithic communities left behind. Our current knowledge on the transition to settled life is thus still enigmatic. However, new data gathered through systematic research on Karasu Basin and the steep areas of Ihlara Valley already suggests a unique Epipalaeolithic tradition for the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of International Social Research is the property of Journal of International Social Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)