Search

5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is a widely used agent in chemotherapy. This study was aimed to investigate the effects of Rutin on 5-FU-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. In our study, 40 male adult rats were used and the rats were divided into five groups as Control, 5-FU, Rutin50+5-FU, Rutin100+5-FU, and Rutin100. According to the experimental protocol, rats were administered 50 and 100 mg/kg doses of Rutin and a single dose (200 mg/kg) of 5-FU for 14 days. On the 15th day of the experimental study, intracardiac blood samples were taken from rats under anesthesia, and rats were decapitated to obtain kidney tissue samples. Urea, creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) values in serum samples were analyzed in an autoanalyzer. Kidney tissues were detected in 10% formalin and hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was performed. Histopathological examination was performed to determine the effects of 5-FU and Rutin application on kidney tissue. In the 5-FU group; serum urea, creatinine and BUN levels increased significantly compared to other groups. It was observed that an especially high dose of Rutin prevented 5-FU-induced increases in kidney function tests and histopathological changes caused by 5-FU in kidney tissue. In consequence of this study, it was determined that Rutin significantly prevented 5-FU-induced kidney toxicity in rats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Firat Universitesi Saglik Bilimleri Veteriner Dergisi is the property of Firat Universitesiu, Saglik Bilimleri Enstitusu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: For 2019 and 2020, SARS-CoV-2 has been a sensational virus. Unfortunately, a treatment agent specific for SARS-CoV-2 has not been developed yet. Favipiravir is one of the antiviral agents used experimentally in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2. This study aimed to determine the frequency of side effects seen in patients hospitalized in our hospital and received favipiravir at any stage of their treatment. Methods: Our study is a retrospective observational study. Definite and probable COVID-19 cases hospitalized in our hospital between March 23, 2020, May 31, 2020 were determined, and those receiving favipiravir as initial or secondary therapy were included in the study. The demographic data, laboratory tests, observed side effects of the patients were recorded and analyzed statistically. Results: A total of 134 patients, 37.3% using favipiravir at the beginning and 62.7% as secondary, were included in the study. The mean age of the patients was 66.8±15.7 years. 38.1% (n=51) of the group were female. Side effects were detected in 17 (13%) patients in the whole group. Hepatotoxicity (4.5%), increased serum uric acid (4.5%), nephrotoxicity (1.5%), gastrointestinal side effects (1.5%), cardiac side effects (0.7%) were detected. There was no statistically significant difference in terms of adverse events between the patients who received favipiravir initially or later on disease course. Conclusions: Although some results support the short-term safety of favipiravir, more studies are needed for its long-term effects. Studies on hyperuricemia, QTc prolongation, use in pregnancy, use during lactation and use in children are insuf- ficient. Therefore, although Favipiravir appears to be a good alternative in the treatment of COVID-19, it should be used carefully because the data on its safety is still insufficient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Colistin is a concentration-dependent antibiotic which belongs to the polymyxin group of cyclic cationic polypeptide antibiotics. Clinical use of colistin varies due to its complex pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic features. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the use of colistin in multidrugresistant Gram-negative bacterial infections. Methods: 193 patients aged ≥18 years who were hospitalized from May 2014 to January 2015 and who received colistin were included in the study. Patient's data were retrospectively evaluated. Pathogens, their resistance rates, dose of colistin, its duration and route of administration, its side effects, and clinical and microbiological responses were recorded. Results: Colistin was administered to the patients with confirmed or suspected infections due to multidrug-resistant Gram-negative organisms approximately on the 20th day of hospital admission. Another antimicrobial was used in combination with colistin administered by IV or intrathecal route in all patients and a carbapenem was the drug most used for combination therapy. IV colistin doses varied widely among patients and a loading dose was not administered in 98% of patients. Inhaled and intrathecal treatment doses were administered in accordance with the literature. Intrathecal colistin administration was always with IV colistin, however inhaled colistin was occasionally administered without IV form. When inhaled colistin alone and combined with IV form were compared, no difference was found in cure rates. The most common side effect of colistin was nephrotoxicity in 33 (25.4%) patients and neurotoxicity in 7 (3.6%) patients. Analyses revealed that advanced age was the only factor which affected the development of nephrotoxicity (p<0.001). Colistin treatment was terminated in 19 patients out of 193 due to side effects. Rate of colistin resistance among infectious agents was 4.3%. Colistin resistance developed on the 19.9±9.4 days of treatment. Cure rate in colistin receiving patients was 56% and the most crucial factor determining the mortality was advanced age (63.9±2) (p=0.001). Conclusions: Nephrotoxicity is the most common side effect of colistin which is one of the treatment options for multidrug-resistant Gramnegative bacterial infections. It has been observed that there were different modes of administration in the same hospital regarding the application of colistin, and the loading dose recommended in the drug package and in the literature was not applied in almost all patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turkish Journal of Public Health is the property of Turkish Journal of Public Health and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: The aim of our study, is to determine the nephrotoxicity rates and risk factors for the development of nephrotoxicity by retrospective evaluation of patients who were given colistin therapy oncology hospital intensive care unit. Material and Method: Total of 33 adult patients were included in the study. Renal function tests and hemodialysis requirements were recorded. In addition, patients age, gender, concurrently used drugs with colistin therapy, duration of colistin therapy and total colistin doses were noted. RIFLE criteria (risk, injury, failure, loss, end-stage kidney disease) were used for evaluation of nephrotoxicity. Results: Nephrotoxicity was observed in 69,7% of patients (23 patients). According to RIFLE criteria nephrotoxicity rates were; risk 36,36%, injury 15,15% and failure 18,18%. In patients who developed nephrotoxicity, creatinine and blood urea nitrogen values were observed to rise significantly on the 5th day of colistin treatment (p⩽0,05). In patients with malignancy, nephrotoxicity rate was 5.4 times higher than those without the diagnosis of malignancy. Concurrent use of diuretic, aminoglycoside, vancomycin and carbapenem did not increase the risk of nephrotoxicity. Conclusion: In our study, the rate of nephrotoxicity was higher than those in the literature. We found that underlying malignant tumor diagnosis increases the rate of nephrotoxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Cisplatin is a widely used anticancer drug. The aim of this study is to investigate biochemical biomarkers that can be used for-identification of cisplatin cardiotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Methods: This study was conducted on female Wistar Albino rats weighing 200-300 g. Rats were seperated into two groups as cisplatin administered group (n=5) and the control group (n=6). intraperitoneal cisplatin (cumulative dose 16 mg/kg) was administered to the first group and the second group received physiological serum. All rats were sacrificed on day 14 of the study. BNP, troponin I, CK MB, urea, creatinine levels were measured in rat blood samples. All blood samples were stored at -80°C until measurement. Results: Troponin I, urea and creatinine concentrations of cisplatin administered rats were significantly higher from those of the control rats. Conclusion: Urea and creatinine values may be used for identification of cisplatin nephrotoxicity and troponin I may be a good biomarker for detection of cisplatin cardiotoxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Cisplatin is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent The most important side effect due of cisplatin is nephrotoxicity. N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), is a lysosomal enzyme that has low urine levels in healthy individuals. The urine NAG excretion increases in renal disorders. The increases of serum NAG levels in cases like diabetes mellitus, proteinuria due to the renal involvement of systemic lupus erythematosus, some nephrotoxic medications like cisplatin, are demonstrated in several studies. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the acute nephrotoxicity due to cisplatin. Material and Method: Thirty patients were included in the study. The urine NAG levels are measured 24 hours before and 24 hours after the administration of 75 mg/m2 cisplatin in the 24 hours urine sample. The serum urea, creatinine levels are also measured before and after the medication. Results: The median age of the study group was 54 (26-75). The median administrated cisplatin dosage was 130.13±8.01 mg. The urine NAG excretion was 6.98±4.49 U/L before the treatment and 10.09±5.50 U/L after the treatment (p=0.001). The blood urea level was 28.33±9A8 mg/dl before the treatment and 30.03±7.19 mg/dl after the treatment (p=0.107). The blood creatinine level was 0.75±0.27 mg/dl before the treatment and 0.78±0.29 mg/dl after the treatment (p=0.229). After therapy, there was no significant correlation between the total dosage of cisplatin and NAG level (r=-0.048, p=0.80) and creatinine level (r=-0.218, p=0.23), and also after therapy, there was no significant correlation between NAG and creatinine levels (r-0.301, p=0.10). Conclusion: For the evaluation of acute nephrotoxicity of cisplatin we suggest, to use the measurement of 24 hours wine NAG excretion, as a non invasive test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin type with important toxic effects including nephrotoxicity, and its exposure route is through different sources of food. The aim of this study is to determine the levels of OTA concentrations in children from different parts of Turkey, to assess the variances in different regions and to examine the possible relationship with sex, dietary habits and body mass index. Material and Method: Ochratoxin A levels were determined in the blood samples taken from children between 7-17 years (n=37) from Central Anatolia, Black Sea and Mediterranean Regions using ELISA technique. Serum OTA levels were determined as 0.59±0.08 ng/ml and daily OTA intake was determined as 0.82±0.11 ng/kg/day in whole study group. No differences were found in OTA levels in relation to sex. Results: Statistically significant differences were found between the regions and serum OTA levels were lower than the other regions in children living in Mediterranean Region. Conclusions: The OTA intake levels were below the levels of tolerable daily intake levels given by World Health Organization. However, the overall effect exposure to mycotoxins including OTA must be taken into consideration and this can have an impact on the nephrotoxicity seen in children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Determination of renal function in patients with childhood cancer by a simple and accurate test is crucial. The aim of this study is to determine the incidence of nephrotoxicity in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and evaluate the importance of serum cystatin-C for an early predictor of impairment of renal function. 27 patients (ages varied from 1.5 to 16 years, median age 10 yearold) were enrolled to this study. Serum urea, creatinine, cystatin-C concentrations and calculated creatinine clearances of the patients were determined during the treatment. Twenty (74%) of patients were male and seven (26%) were female. The frequencies of the diagnosis for ALL, AML and NHL were 13 (48.1%), 8 (29.6%) and 6 (22.3%), respectively. The mean values of cystatin C during the treatment were 0.77±0.3 mg/l, 0.86±0.5 mg/l and 0.81±0.3 mg/l, respectively. The values of urea, cystatin-C, and creatinine clearance did not differ statistically by duration of the treatment. We did not observe any renal impairment in our study group by the treatment. Cystatin-C has high values of sensitivity and specificity to predict the glomeruler filtration rate. Therefore cystatin C might be useful for determination glomeruler filtration rate in children with cancer; especially who have difficulties in collecting 24-hours urine sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Viperidae species snakes cause serious local tissue toxicity, and systemic poisoning states such as disseminated intravascular haemolysis. Rarely, acute kidney insufficiency may be seen due to snake bites. An eighteen year old male patient was transported to our clinic due to snake bite in the left f ankle. On admission he was administered three vials of antivenom with respect to his local and systemic poisoning signs. All coagulatioan parameters were normal after antivenom therapy and he was hospitalized. On the second day of hospitalisation his haematocrit and haemoglobin values were decreased and urea and creatinine values were increased and it was thought that these were due to intravascular haemolysis. Additional antivenom administered and fluid therapy was begun. During his hospitalisation renal function tests and hemogram of the patient were followed. He was discharged on the fifth day of hospitalisation with normal urea and creatinin levels. Intravascular haemolysis is an independent risk factor for nephrotoxicity in patients admitted with snake bites. Additional antivenom and aggressive fluid treatment may be beneficial in acute kidney insufficiency in these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]