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Urogenital myiasis cases occurring with the settlement of larvae of flies belonging to the order Diptera are facultative and are rarely encountered in humans. In this study, urogenital myiasis caused by Psychoda albipennis in a 20-year-old female patient was presented. The patient was admitted to our hospital with complaints of nausea, vomiting, and dysuria and claimed that she saw motile larvae in her urine. Five larvae collected from the patient's urine were microscopically examined, and they were identified as fourth-stage larvae of Psychoda albipennis. Complaints of the patient ceased after the application of an antibiotic and urinary antiseptic. It was concluded that myiasis should be considered in patients with urogenital complaints.

Auricular tumors constitute 6% of all head-neck tumors. Malignant tumors of the auricula are generally squamous or basal cell carcinomas. Myiasis rarely occurs in healthy individuals. In general, it is a parasite that is seen in patients with mental retardation or psychiatric disorders, elderly individuals, those with poor self-care and hygiene, and those with immune system disorders. In humans, it is mainly seen in tropical and subtropical regions; however, in rare instances, it may be seen in other regions of the world. In the literature, there are limited numbers of myiasis cases reported from Turkey. In this study, we aimed to present a myiasis case (Wohlfahrtia magnifica) involving cutaneous and subcutaneous tissues with an underlying head-neck cancer, which, to the best of our knowledge, has not been reported before in the literature.

We present the case of a 12-year-old boy with furuncular myiasis living in an area with continental climate. The boy was admitted to our clinic with a wound on his nape, which started as a little acne and progressed to a large wound in which pus flowed continuously. He complained of itching and was treated with penicillin, clarithromycin, terbinafine, and ibuprofen in the last 2 months, with no big success. Otherwise, the patient was healthy, and his hygienic conditions were within normal standards. The dermatologic examination revealed an off-white ulcer measuring approximately 1x2 cm in the occipital region with regular contours, elevated borders, and purulent flow, while the skin surrounding the ulcer was normal. In the course of the examination, a living larva was removed using a forceps. The ulcer and the surroundings were washed with polyvinylprolidone iodine solution, while fusidic acid pomade was topically applied. The ulcer regressed significantly after 15 days of treatment.

Myiasis is defined as a parasitic infestation of tissues and organs in living vertebrates with dipterous larvae. Infestation with dipterous larvae can occur when flies deposit their eggs or first stage larvae on the host's tissues. Myiasis is seen more frequently in tropical and subtropical countries, especially in rural regions where people are in close contact with animals. Diagnosis of myiasis depends on the demonstration of larvae on the host's tissues or organs. Correct identification of the larvae is important for the initiation of appropriate treatment and establishment of preventive measures. In this report, a case of diabetic wound ulcer complicated with myiasis was presented. A 68 years old male patient with a diabetic wound was admitted to the Hacettepe University Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Ankara in July 2013. The patient had a history of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus over 10 years and hypertension, coronary artery disease and chronic renal failure for several years. His left leg under the knee and his right toe were amputated because of diabetic foot. The infection on his right heel had started as a single, painless ulcer 5 months ago. He had medical advice from a health care provider and used ampicilin-sulbactam for 3 months. However, the wound progressed in spite of the treatment and upon admission to our hospital, he was hospitalized with the diagnosis of diabetic foot ulcer. The C-reactive protein, sedimentation rate, white blood cell count and HbA1c values were found to be high. Piperacillin-tazobactam therapy was started and debridement of necrotic tissue was planned. During the debridement prosedure larvae were observed under the necrotic tissue. Two larvae were collected and delivered to the parasitology laboratory. After morphological examination the larvae washed in distilled water and killed in 70% alcohol and they were taken to the Ankara University Veterinary Faculty, Department of Parasitology for identification. The morphological characteristics of cephalopharyngeal skeleton, anterior spiracles and slits of the posterior spiracles were examined and the larvae were identified as third stage of Sarcophaga spp. Diabetes, coronary artery disease and low socio-economic level as well as the presence of an open, neglected wound were attributed as the most important predisposing factors that led to the development of myiasis in this patient. It should be kept in mind that the diabetic patients with open wounds may develop myiasis especially in the summer months and larvae can cause progressive wound infection.

Myiasis cases are often encountered in humans, especially in tropical and subtropical regions. Urogenital myiasis is one of the facultative myiasis cases that may be seen in humans. Psychoda albipennis is an insect species that causes urogential myiasis in humans Adults of this species, belongs to the Psychodidae subfamily, lives especially in humid toilets and domestic bathrooms. This case, presented as urogenital myiasis caused by P. albipennis in a fifteen year old male. The person, who was a student, was living in the city center reported to have passed five-six larvae for three months. The patient had normal urinalysis, stool microscopy and urine culture. Larvae were examined under a microscope and were identified as fourth period larvae of P. albipennis. Therefore, it should not be forgotten that P. albipennis may be an agent in urogenital myiasis.

Myiasis which is a parasitic disease of humans and vertebrates, is caused by dipterous fly larvae feeding on the host's necrotic or living tissue. Although infestation by fly larvae is much more prevalent in animals, it occurs relatively frequently in humans in rural, tropical and subtropical regions of Africa and America. Myiasis is usually associated with poor general health and hygiene, restricted mobility and ulcerating lesions. The pathophysiology of the human infection differs depending on the fly species and where the larvae are located. It could be external or internal, and the invasion by the maggot could be obligatory, facultative and sometimes acci-dental. Myiasis is a self-limiting infestation with minimal morbidity in the vast majority of cases. Urogenital myiasis, associated with urinary obstruction, poor hygiene of the local site and ulcerating lesions has been infrequently reported. In this report, a case of 29 year-old male patient who presented with genitourinary myiasis caused by Psychoda albipennis (Diptera: Nematocera), was presented. The patient was admitted to the hospital with the complaints of urinary incontinence of one week duration and presence of small, thin, motile, grayishwhite objects in his urine. Physical examination, blood and urine examination and stool microscopy revealed no pathology. No growth was detected in his urine culture. The examination of discharged larva in urine sample at Refik Saydam National Public Health Agency, Parasitology Laboratory led to the diagnosis of urogenital myiasis. No risk factor was identified in the patient who had proper hygienic conditions, was living in urban area and was of high socioeconomic status. This case was presented to withdraw attention to myiasis which is frequent in Turkey, however, is usually overlooked.

Lucilia sericata is known as a facultative ectoparasite and it often causes myiasis in open wounds, mouth, nose and eyes of animals and rarely in humans. This case report concerns a 56 year old woman who had right breast cancer surgery. Approximately 10 months after surgery, swelling, pain, redness occurred in the incision site. About two weeks later the site turned into an open wound then fly larvae (97 live larvae) were found. Under t operation conditions, a large surgical wound debridement and debulking were performed on the open wound. The patient was followed for three weeks after the operation. The wound dressings were carried out daily and it shrank partially. Medical treatment was given to the patient and she was discharged. The collected larvae were identified as Lucilia sericata by microscopic examination in the parasitology lab.

This work consists of a case report on a zebra presented to our institute for the determination of the cause of death. The animal was subjected to necropsy before it was presented to our institute. During examination, ascarids in the intestines and myasis agents in the stomach were observed. The parasites seen in the stomach and the intestines were identified according to the identification key and afterwards counted. In this work, the ascarids were identified as Parascaris equorum, myasis agents in the stomach were determined to be the third stage larvae of Gasterophilus intestinalis. In the intestines, 344 P. equorum were counted, while in the stomach there were 20 third stage larvae of G. intestinalis. As a result, it is concluded that these parasites should not be overlooked in zebras that start vomiting without any prior symptoms, aspirate the stomach contents and show signs of colic.

We report two cases with external ophthalmomyiasis due to infestation with the larvae of Oestrus ovis. During an ophthalmologic examination, motile larvae were seen on the conjunctiva, which were removed and sent to the Department of Parasitology for identification. Microscopic examination of the specimens revealed that both patients were infested with the first stage larvae of O. ovis. The patients were treated with topical antibiotics and steroids and recovered without any complications. O. ovis larvae are the most common cause of ophthalmomyiasis worldwide. They are usually seen in underdeveloped, agricultural areas with high numbers of livestock, especially during Spring and Summer. These kind of infestations should be kept in mind in cases of conjunctivitis in the warm months of the year.

Myiasis is a cause of urogenital parasitosis. In this study, a 29 year-old male patient who was admitted to our hospital with urinary discharge of worms has been presented. Larvae were examined parasitologically and urogenital myiasis caused by Psychoda albipennis larvae was diagnosed. No other pathological findings were detected in the patient and the symptoms resolved spontaneously within a few days. Despite the fact that urinary myiasis is very rare in humans, it should be considered in patients with urinary complaints. Apparently, a quick recovery without treatment is possible in most cases.

Oral myiasis was found in a dog that was brought to the pet clinic of Veterinary Faculty of Harran University in bad condition and with a wound in its mouth. During microscopic examination, the larvae were identified as the first stage larvae of Lucilia sericata.

Gingival myiasis was found in a 4-5-months lamb which was brought to the surgical clinic of the Veterinary Faculty of Kirikkale University due to a wound in its mouth. Eleven larvae were collected from lamb's gums. The larvae were identified as the third stage larvae of Wohlfahrtia magnifica.

Genital myiasis was diagnosed in a cat which was brought to the clinic for therapy six days after giving birth. Ten dead larvae were collected from its genital organs. During the microscopic examination, the larvae were identified as the third stage larva of Lucilia sericata.

We report the case of urogenital myiasis caused by Psychoda albipennis in a 50-year-old female patient who had a urinary bladder surgery at Osmangazi University, Faculty of Medicine. After the surgery she returned to the hospital claiming that she had seen small, white colored, active particles in her urine. The examination of the material revealed the presence of 3 larvae, which were identified as the fourth stage of the moth fly Psychoda albipennis. The complaints of the patient disappeared after antibiotic and antiseptic treatment of the infested area. This case is of special interest due to the fact that parasites were seen after urinary bladder surgery.

When the head of a sheep was split into two along its longitudinal axis during a pathological examination, a large number of Oestrus ovis larvae were found in the nasal cavities, middle nasal meatus and sinuses of the sheep. A total of 114 Oestrus ovis larvae were collected, including 87 (76.32%) first stage larvae, 25 (21.93%) second stage larvae and 2 (1.75%) third stage larvae from the regions given above.