Search

ABSTRACTVirtually every major medical advance of the last century and at still has depended upon research with animals. Zebrafish's journey from the ocean to the laboratory leads to major scientific breakthroughs. Transparency structure of zebrafish helps in monitoring their internal structures and are permitting scientist to see effectes of nano particles in fish. Their organs share the same main features as humans and so can be used to study human developmental processes. Zebrafish congruence 70% of their genes with humans, and 84% of ailment-depended genes have zebrafish congruence. The zebrafish embryos can also genetically modified. Certain fishes like zebrafish are able to regenerate damaged retinal nerve cells. Müller galia cells in retina of zebrafish can transform in response to injury and act like stem cells to regrow the retina and replace all damaged neurons. Though humans have the same exact Müller galia cell, they don’t respond to damaged in the same way. Zebrafish are also very responsive to having their genomes edited. Zebrafish regenerate some tissue such as heart in during larval stage. In additionaly zebrafish are used as an animal model to study pharmocology – how drugs work and what they do to an organism’s body. Aim of this review, here, we review current knowledge of how these specialized structures and model organism by focusing on cellular behaviors and molecular mechanisms, highlighting findings from in vivo models and briefly discussing the recent advances in tissue cell culture and organoids. Review discusses the applications of human organoids models of disease on model organism and outlines the ailment treatments.

Copyright of Ege Journal of Medicine is the property of Ege University, Faculty of Medicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Ustilagomaydis DC (Corda) is a plant pathogen that causes swellings called gall (tumor) on above-ground parts of the maize plants in particular on cobs and reduces yield and quality of maize. However, it is used as a model orgamism in genetic studies in research laboratories with complex life cycle and cultured in nutrient media. Smut galls, formed by the fungus on the cobs, also have been consumed as a delicacy in Mexico and Latin America since Aztecs times. Smut galls, named as huitlacoche or cuitlacoche in Mexico, are also known as the names, maize mushroom, Mexican truffle and maizteka. This review was prepared to reveal smut fungus in detail and raise awareness about evaluating the galls formed by the fungus as food in the World. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]