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Copyright of RAST Musicology Journal / Rast Muzikoloji Dergisi is the property of RAST Musicology Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The XIXth century was a sharp turning point in the modernization adventure of the Ottoman Empire. This process can be called as the submission to the West. Not only the technology but also institutions, laws, even traditions were adopted. The state was being rebuilt while at the same time being Europeanized. One of the most important factors was the theatres. The pioneers of Western-type Turkish theatre were the Armenians. The first civil society organization which had been established by the Ottoman elites was the Cemiyyet-i İlmiyye-i Osmâniyye (Ottoman Science Society). The Organization (Cemiyyet) established in 1861 and whose aim has been expressed as "to provide the expansion of the natural sciences and technology by the Authority of State Elites (Memâlik-i Mahrûsa-i Şâhâne). The leadership and pioneership of the Armenians for the theater, civil society, science and journalism as well as the emerging process of a new social life and literature has been summarized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]