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Purpose:This study aimed to determine the atypical localizations of extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH) in patients with hemolytic anemia, most of whom were diagnosed with hemoglobinopathy and are followed in our region. Materials and Methods: The files and imaging examinations of hemolytic anemia patients in the Pediatric Hematology Clinic of our hospital between 01.07.2020-28.02.2022 were retrospectively scannedPatients who were imaged for complaints or for other reasons were evaluated for lesions. Some of the patients were over the age of 18 and the cases were mostly detected at this age. Results: A total of 247 patients were scanned in the study, and EMH was detected in atypical localization in 5 patients as a result of imaging studies, firstly with lung films and then with more advanced methods (such as chest computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging) when necessary. Unilateral or bilateral thoracic paraspinal EMH was detected in the patients. One patient had an additional right kidney EMH focus. Conclusion: Clinical and radiological evaluation of the probability of a mass lesion detected in patients with hemolytic anemia to be EMH at atypical localization will protect the patient from unnecessary diagnostic and interventional procedures. During the regular follow-up and treatment of the patients, the presence of these lesions should also be predicted.

Copyright of Türk Radyoloji Seminerleri is the property of Galenos Yayinevi Tic. LTD. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Türk Radyoloji Seminerleri is the property of Galenos Yayinevi Tic. LTD. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Türk Radyoloji Seminerleri is the property of Galenos Yayinevi Tic. LTD. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The choroid plays an important role in the pathophysiology of the eye. Multimodal imaging offers different techniques to examine the choroid. Fundus fluorescein angiography offers limited visualization of the deep layers of the fundus due to the barrier property of the retinal pigment epithelium. Therefore, indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) is widely used in the angiographic examination of the choroidal structure. ICGA is an important component of multimodal imaging in the diagnosis and treatment of many degenerative, tumoral, and inflammatory diseases of the choroid and retina. This review presents the general characteristics of ICGA and a practical approach to its clinical use.

Copyright of Yedi is the property of YEDI (Dokuz Eylul Universitesi Guzel Sanatlar Fakultesi Yayini) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objectives:To present the clinical and demographic characteristics, imaging findings, diagnosis and treatment approach in cases of cat scratch disease (CSD) with ocular involvement.Materials and Methods:The records of 19 patients followed-up and treated between 2010 and 2020, including detailed ophthalmological examinations, imaging findings, and treatment approach, were evaluated retrospectively.Results:Twenty-three eyes of 19 patients, 7 female (37%) and 12 male (63%), were included in the study. The mean age was 34.1±13.3 (range: 11-56) years, and the mean follow-up duration was 12.6±18.0 (range: 1-81) months. Unilateral involvement was observed in 15 cases (79%). Cat contact was reported in 14 cases (74%). In 6 cases (32%), flu-like symptoms were present before the ocular complaints. The mean visual acuity (VA) at presentation was 0.42±0.36 (range: 0.001-1.0). Anterior uveitis was observed in 3 eyes (13%). Posterior segment findings included neuroretinitis in 14 (61%), superficial retinal infiltrate(s) in 8 (35%), papillitis in 3 (13%), branch retinal artery occlusion in 2 (8%), and cilioretinal artery occlusion in 1 (4%) of the eyes. All cases were positive for Bartonella henselae immunglobulin (Ig)M and/or IgG. Systemic antibiotic therapy was administered to all patients. Intravenous pulse or oral corticosteroids were given, especially in cases with optic disc involvement. The mean final VA was 0.80±0.25 (range: 0.01-1.0).Conclusion:CSD may present with different ocular involvement patterns. Apart from the classical neuroretinitis and macular star appearance, patients may present with isolated optic disc edema, branch retinal artery occlusion, and retinal infiltrations. In such patients, cat contact history and Bartonella serology should be evaluated to differentiate CSD.

Copyright of Türk Radyoloji Seminerleri is the property of Galenos Yayinevi Tic. LTD. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objectives:To evaluate the demographic characteristics, clinical findings, and treatment approach of patients with sympathetic ophthalmia (SO).Materials and Methods:The records of 14 patients with SO between 2000 and 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. The patients’ Snellen best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), detailed ophthalmological examination, optical coherence tomography (OCT), enhanced depth imaging-OCT (EDI-OCT), fundus fluorescein angiography findings, and treatment approaches were recorded.Results:The study included the 14 sympathizing eyes of 14 patients with SO (7 female, 7 male). The mean age was 48.5±15.4 years (range: 28-75), and the mean follow-up duration was 55.1±48.7 months (range: 6-204). Ten patients (71%) had a history of ocular trauma and 4 (29%) had a history of ocular surgery. The time to symptom onset in the sympathizing eye after trauma or ocular surgery ranged from 15 days to 60 years. The most common posterior segment findings were optic disc edema (36%) and exudative retinal detachment (36%). In the acute period, the mean choroidal thickness value on EDI-OCT was 716.5±63.6 μm (range: 635-772) and decreased to 296±81.6 μm (range: 240-415) after treatment. Treatment with high-dose systemic corticosteroid was given to 8 patients (57%), azathioprine (AZA) to 7 (50%), AZA and cyclosporine-A combination to 7 (50%), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitors to 3 patients (21%). Recurrence was observed in 4 patients (29%) during follow-up. At last follow-up, BCVA values were better than 20/50 in 11 (79%) of the sympathizing eyes. Remission was achieved in 13 patients (93%), but 1 patient (7%) lost her vision due to acute retinal necrosis.Conclusion:SO is a bilateral inflammatory disease that presents with granulomatous panuveitis after ocular trauma or surgery. Favorable functional and anatomical results can be obtained with early diagnosis and initiation of appropriate treatment.

Copyright of Türk Radyoloji Seminerleri is the property of Galenos Yayinevi Tic. LTD. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: We aimed to analyze imaging tests and findings in a series of geriatric trauma patients admitted to emergency department (ED) at different time intervals. Materials and Methods: Two groups of 300 randomly selected patients over consecutive five-year periods were compared. Patients admitted in the first and second five-year periods were recorded as group I and II, respectively. A comprehensive comparison was carried out between two groups regarding the age, sex, reason for admission, comorbidities, Revised Trauma Score (RTS), Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), radiological findings and number of radiological examinations, dose length product (DLP) values and duration of hospital stay. Results: The number of patients who underwent X-ray and CT examinations and total number of X-rays and CT scans in group II was higher than those in group I. CT scans were negative for a trauma-related finding in 49% of patients in group I and 55% of patients in group II. In patients with radiological evidence of trauma, no significant difference was observed between two groups regarding the major trauma related change. However, the trauma-related minor findings on CT were more common in group II than in group I. Conclusion: Despite the increasing use of imaging tests, there was no difference in imaging findings suggesting major trauma or requiring a longer inpatient stay. This may be related to the increasing use of radiological examinations over the years as a result of the orientation towards defensive medicine.

Aim:Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer diagnosed in women. Screening programs to diagnose breast anomalies increase the likelihood of early diagnosis and survival. This study describes the most extensive breast cancer screening program in Istanbul/Turkey between 2018 and 2019 and offers recommendations for nationwide programs.Methods:We collected data from the Istanbul Health Directorate’s cancer surveillance database from May 2018 to December 2019. We analyzed data on patients referred for further investigation due to suspicion of possible tumors in their screening radiography. The database included socio-demographic information and further examination details (tests, outcomes, and planned treatment).Results:The mean age of the 3,577 women who were invited for further examination was 52.3 [standard deviation (SD): 7.5]. The age group with the highest percentage of further investigation invitations was between 50 and 54. The mean time between the results of screening mammography was 16.2 days (SD: 15.3). 5.1% of the women referred were diagnosed with some sort of cancer. Women who went to the place of scheduled appointments, instead of getting an appointment in another place of their choosing, were diagnosed and treated earlier.Conclusion:For a breast screening program to reach the entirety of the target population, a comprehensive approach to every step of the process (screening, diagnosis, treatment) needs to be considered together.

Aim:Acute pancreatitis is an inflammatory disease in which the pancreas is affected at different levels. It is often reversible. The diagnosis of pancreatitis is made by evaluating the anamnesis, physical examination, laboratory and radiological examinations together. Usually ultrasonography (USG) and contrast-enhanced abdominal tomography (CT) are needed for diagnosis in emergency services. The aim of this study is to contribute to the use of imaging techniques used for the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis patients in the emergency department with the correct indications.Materials and Methods:Our study is retrospective. All patients over the age of 18 years who were admitted to our emergency department between 01.01.2019 and 01.01.2020 and diagnosed with acute pancreatitis were included in the study. The demographic characteristics, laboratory findings, imaging procedures and imaging findings of the patients were determined by examining the files of the patients included in the study.Results:A total of 63 patients were included in the study. The mean age of the patients was 59.69±17.33 years and 38 (60.3%) of them were women. Of these 63 patients, 54 (85.7%) had abdominal USG and 37 (58.7%) had abdominal CT imaging with contrast. The mean amylase value of the cases was 958.01±1051.69 and the mean lipase value was 1051.28±1340.92. There was no statistical relationship between Ranson score and lipase level (p=0.681). When the Ranson scores of the patients with biliary and non-biliary pancreatitis were compared, there was not a statistically significant difference (p=0.844).Conclusion:We think that USG imaging should be used in all patients for acute pancreatitis in the emergency department, its main indication is for gallbladder and intra/extra hepatic biliary tract pathologies. In addition, we think that the indications for contrast-enhanced abdominal CT imaging should be clarified, except for the exclusion of severe acute pancreatitis and other possible emergency pathologies.

Purpose: We aimed to investigate the role of mean Hounsfield Unit(HU) values measured on enhanced or unenhanced Computed Tomography(CT) images for the differentiation of benign and malignant kidney lesions. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study, CT images, demographic features, and histopathological results of the patients with renal lesions were reviewed from the hospital database. The pathological results were classified as benign and malignant. Mean attenuation values of the lesions were measured as HU on enhanced or un-enhanced CT images. The mean HU values of benign and malignant lesions were compared by using the student’s t-test. Results: The mean HU value of lesions who have enhanced CT scan with malignant histopathological results (17 males, 11 females) was 83,7±39,4, with benign histopathological results (5 males, 4 females) was 81,0±52,9. There was no statistically significant difference between malignant and benign lesions regarding the HU values on enhanced (70. Second delay) CT images (p:0.8704). The mean HU value of lesions which has unenhanced CT scan with malignant histopathological results (12 males, 9 females) was 29,3±8,1 with benign histopathological results (1 male, 4 females) was 9.4±42,0. The mean HU value of malignant lesions was higher than those of benign lesions on unenhanced images, and this difference was statistically significant (p:0,0426). Conclusion: The mean HU values of kidney masses on unenhanced CT images were found to be useful for the differentiation of benign and malignant lesions but values on enhanced (70 second delay) images in our study did not achieve such discrimination.

Aim: The late elderly, are the leading group of non-survivors infected with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Computed tomography (CT) imaging has been recognized as an important diagnostic method for COVID-19. This study aimed to determine the prognostic performance of CT imaging in patients above 75 years old. Material and Methods: After meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria 56 elderly patients, 28 male, and 28 female were included in the study. Two radiologists interpreted CT imaging and a third experienced radiologist was in charge of reviewing the data and imaging findings in the controversial and disagreement cases. The lung score was determined for each patient, and radiologic signs were also examined. Results: The mean age of the patients was 81.4±5.0 years. Thirty-six patients survived, and 20 did not. 28 (50.0%) patients had central involvement, while 25 (44.6%) patients had diffuse involvement. Radiologic signs such as consolidation and air bronchogram were more common among non-survivors than survivors (both p=0.001). The mean lung score for the survivors was 8.75±6.21 and 13.45±6.41 for non-survivors, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (p=0.010). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for a cut-off score of 12 was 0.714 (95% CI, 0.577 to 0.827, p=0.003). Conclusion: It seems that using lung scores can play a very important role in predicting the condition of hospitalized patients over 75 years old. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The anterior ethmoidal artery course and the height of the ethmoid roof should be determined in paranasal sinus surgery to avoid complications. In this study, the relationship between anterior skull base height and anterior ethmoidal artery (AEA) anatomy was tried to be determined in children and adolescents. Methods: The cranial magnetic resonance imaging of participants between 24 months and 18 years of age, who had no cranial pathology between 2014 and 2018, were re-examined. Of the participants, 101 (50.5%) were male. The participants were divided into age groups. All measurements were made in the section on the T2-weighted coronal plane images. The AEA’s entry points into the nasal cavity were determined. The ethmoid roof height was determined according to the line drawn on the medial rectus muscle from the roof. Results: The ethmoid roof was type II in 97 (48.5%) of all cases. The AEA entry was on the skull base in 131 cases (65.5%) on the right and 154 cases (77%) on the left. In the 25 cases (12.5%), the AEA entry point was asymmetrical. No significant correlation was found between the ethmoid roof depth and AEA entry (p = 0.553 and 0.504). Conclusion: No relation was found between ethmoid roof height and sex or age. In adults, however, it was found to differ by sex. In MRI examination, the ethmoid roof depth is not a guide for AEA placement in children, which should be considered to avoid complications during operations.

Behçet’s disease is a chronic, multisystem inflammatory disorder characterized by relapsing inflammation. Although its etiopathogenesis has not yet been clarified, both the adaptive and innate immune systems, genetic predisposition, and environmental factors have all been implicated. It is more frequent and more severe in males in the third and fourth decades of life. The eye is the most frequently involved organ in the course of the disease. Ocular involvement (Behçet’s uveitis) is characterized by bilateral recurrent non-granulomatous panuveitis and occlusive retinal vasculitis. Recurrent inflammatory episodes in the posterior segment may lead to permanent vision loss due to irreversible retinal damage and complications such as macular scarring, macular atrophy, and optic atrophy. Early and aggressive immunomodulatory treatment and the use of biologic agents when needed are crucial for preventing recurrences and improving visual prognosis.

Copyright of Current Retina Journal / Güncel Retina Dergisi is the property of Anadolu Kitabevi Basim Yayim Medikal Turizm Kirtasiye Tic. Ltd. Sti. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Many Central Nerve System (CNS) tumors and even non–tumoral lesions may show a very similar imaging appearance; therefore, routine Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) are lack of specificity to differentiate these lesions. The key points in the differential diagnosis of CNS tumors are the location of the lesion (intra- or extra-axial, infra- or extra-tentorial) and the age of the patient. Multiparametric MRI techniques (Spectroscopy, Diffusion Weighted Imaging, Diffusion Tensor Imaging, Perfusion Weighted Imaging, Functional MRI) reveal the information about the microscopic and functional behaviors of the tumor (cellular density, neo-vascularization, capillary leakage and metabolites, etc). Advanced multiparametric imaging tools support the diagnosis, management and follow-up of patients with CNS tumors as an accurate and reliable noninvasive technique.

Copyright of Ege Journal of Medicine is the property of Ege University, Faculty of Medicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Spondyloarthritis (SpA) is currently evaluated as predominantly peripheral or axial according to the current classification. The definition of axial SpA (axSpA) has been included imaging findings (X-rays or magnetic resonance imaging) or associated clinical findings in addition to chronic back pain. New bone formation is the most important predictors of disease progression. Therefore it is the main target of disease management. Prevention of new bone formation might control an important cause of morbidity. X-rays are currently the standard method in evaluating the new bone formation. Sacroiliac joint graphs are recognized as key imaging in the diagnosis and classification, but its importance is limited in progression. Spinal X-rays are used in the follow-up of disease progression. Various radiographic scores, which are consisted of defined lesions, are used for progression. In this review, the imaging methods and scoring systems which are used to evaluate the disease course or progression of axSpA will be evaluated. In addition to the contribution of these methods used to follow up, the limitations also will be discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is known that artistic creations exist with man. It has been observed that these creations have triggered creative processes and have offered them new perspectives which allowed them to have the ability to exist as new artistic creations on their own. One of the most important things that emphasizes an artist's place and importance in a society is the fact that the development of the creational phenomena that is attached to the artist has influences on numerous other fields. From this point on, due to the scope of our research, the creation of artwork formed in the context of imagery, imaging and imagining within the periodic processes, the variable attributes of imagery and artwork based on imagery were mentioned. The concepts of imaging and imagining based on the imagery and the imagery's role was mentioned to emphasize the importance of the work. Descriptive method was used in this study. Concepts related to the subject; qualitative data were evaluated and the factors and causality of an art work in the formation processes of an art work were examined by adhering to the concepts of imagery, imagery and imagery. The purpose of this work is to observe the images used in the works of art, ones that reflect which periods it has been through and according to this, reflect events and phenomena based on the certain societal activities at the time. This reflection allows us to understand the imagery's purpose and the creational processes it offers to the artist. During the creation of an artwork, the variables in the societal fundamentals and differences between cultures, which reflects a civilization's socio-cultural attributes, also prepares a ground for the reflection of daily rituals specific to these societies. The imagery and the concepts bound to it; indicator, symbol, theme and subject, which carry the attributes of the societies of the past form a unity and play a crucial role which reflects certain differences belonging to these societies. Imagery, imaging and imagining concepts were examined to understand their place in the artwork under this subject. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Different guidelines are used to assess the response to contemporary radioembolization treatment. Nonetheless, striking heterogeneity of patients and especially tumors larger than 5 cm or infiltrative in nature may pose tremendous problems. Moreover, radiation effects on imaging in early stages complicate confirmation of local recurrences/residual tumor. Therefore, multidisciplinary approach that will take into account the patient's pre-/post-treatment radiological and laboratory data is indispensable. In this review, our personal experience on evaluation of radioembolization treatment response is discussed in the light of data based on literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide and account for the substantial proportion of global health burden. Since early diagnosis and treatment are important in disease course, numerous preclinical studies are being conducted to develop diagnostic and therapeutic alternatives. In preclinical studies, small or large animal models of cardiovascular diseases are created using surgical methods or toxic agents to the cardiovascular system. Imaging is essential in these models. Imaging of animal models provides a non-invasive way of evaluating the biological structure in vivo with scintigraphic methods and positron emission tomography being used often. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Disease models are often used to obtain new information on the etiology and biology of human diseases and/or neoplasms and to develop new treatments. Although technological advances in clinical diagnosis and genetic analysis have further increased our understanding of the biology of diseases in recent years, models created with the contribution of genetic and tissue engineering to provide new biological perspectives to cellular and molecular etiology can provide a new platform. With the development of disease models that accurately reflect the mechanisms and results of tissue biology, data on the clinical features and genetic background of diseases are increasing day by day. Models that simply re-summarize diseases are indispensable to translate animal model-based research into a clinic and to contribute to the treatment strategies of these diseases. In this review, we present the models of common endocrine diseases and we emphasize the extent to which these models outline human biology and the main ideas collected from recent studies. We also presented the imaging modalities used in the diagnosis of these diseases in the light of recent studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Takayasu arteritis (TA) is a rare systemic vasculitis, grouped in large vessel vasculitis (LVV) that mainly involves the aorta and its main branches. There are no valid follow-up parameters in the assessment of disease activity in TA. In daily rheumatology practice, clinicians benefit from acute phase response, imaging techniques and some new tools developed for clinical findings, and also their combinations to assess the disease activity. Conventional angiography, accepted as standard method for TA, has been replaced by new imaging techniques as magnetic resonance (MR), computer tomography (CT) angiography, B-mode Doppler ultrasonography (USG) and 18F-FDG positron emission tomography (PET). All these imaging modalities have some superiority in terms of detection of active disease with TA. In this review; we aimed to discuss the role of imaging techniques in assessing disease activity in TA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Health Sciences of Kocaeli University / Kocaeli Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Institute of Health Sciences of Kocaeli University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objectives: To describe the ophthoselfie, a method by which everyone can take detailed self-images of the cornea and anterior segment with a smartphone. Materials and Methods: A 90-diopter non-contact double aspheric lens was attached to posterior camera of the smartphone by clear tape. Images of one eye on the screen of the smartphone could be seen with the other eye in the mirror and images were taken. Results: Accurate and detailed images of the cornea and anterior segment of the eye could be taken. Conclusion: The ophthoselfie allows everyone to take their own detailed anterior segment images by smartphone. To create a clear and detailed self-image of the cornea and anterior segment on the screen of a smartphone may lead to the development of new applications and facilitate patients’ early recognition of certain conditions like keratoconus, refractive errors, corneal rejection, and uveitis. This method may also be useful in some urgent situations by allowing patients to take self-images of the eye and share them with a physician.

Meme parenkimasında biriken kalsiyum ya da kalsiyum tuzları doğal olmadığı gibi Meme Kalsifikasyonu olarak bilinen anormalliğe yolaçar. Böyle kalsifikasyonlar normal kalsiyum düzeyleriyle mineral depolarında ortaya çıktığı zaman bunlara distrofik kalsifikasyon adı verilir. Bundan farkli olarak normal dokularda kalsiyum düzeyinin artmasıy içinse Metastatik Kalsifikasyon terimi kullanılır. Meme kalsifikasyonları meme kanseriyle birlikte bildirilmelerine rağmen iyi huylu olarakda görülebilir. Bunlar çıplak gözle farkedilemeyebilir. Sonomamografiyle bir çok kez görülmelerine rağmen, mikrokalsifikasyonlar farkedilmez. Bu durumlar için en iyi tanı X-RAY Mamografidir ki burada beyaz leke ya da nokta şeklinde görülürler. Bu makalede bir Patologun Meme Kalsifikasyonuyla ilgili görüşüne yer verilmiştir.

Accumulation of calcium or calcium salts in breast parenchyma; where it does not belong naturally leads to an abnormality known as Breast Calcification. When such calcifications occur due mineral deposits in individuals with normal calcium levels, these are called as dystrophic calcifications. As against this, metastatic calcification is the term used when calcification occurs in otherwise normal tissue with elevated calcium levels. Although calcifications in breasts are reported with breast cancers; they can also be seen in benign conditions. They cannot be directly seen by the naked eye. Although sonomammography can demonstrate them many times; often the microcalcifications can go un-noticed. X-ray mammography is the best diagnostic tool to show them reliably; on which they appear as white specks or dots. This article puts forth a Pathologist`s purview of breast calcifications. [Cukurova Med J 2014; 39(3.000): 413-421]

The extent of left atrial (LA) wall structural remodeling (fibrosis) detected by late gadolinium enhancementmagnetic resonance imaging (LGE-MRI) is correlated with advanced atrial fibrillation (AF). The concomitant occurrence of AF and left ventricular (LV) dysfunction is not uncommon. We studied the effect of LA fibrosis, a confounder of both AF and LV dysfunction, on LV ejection fraction (EF). For the analysis, we identified and included 384 patients from our retrospective AF database who underwent LGE-MRI and transthoracic echocardiography prior to AF ablation. Based on the degree of LA fibrosis, patients were categorized into four stages as: Utah 1 (35% fibrosis). The average pre-ablation LVEF was 60.5%+-8.5% (n=24) in Utah stage 1 patients, 55.7%+-10.3% (n=240) in Utah stage 2 patients, 51.7+-11.5% (n=90) in Utah stage 3 patients, and 48.9%+-11.6% (n=30) in Utah stage 4 patients (p

Yeni doğanlarda bir veya iki memenin büyümesi rastlanabilir bir durumdur. Bu durumun gebeliğin son üç ayında düşük östrojen seviyelerine cevap olarak oluştuğuna inanılır. Bu input yeni doğanın hipofiz bezinden prolaktin salınımını uyararak yeni doğanda geçici meme büyümesine yol açar. Bu olgu yeni doğanın cinsiyetinden bağımsızdır. Bu durum yaşamın ilk bir kaç haftasında ortaya çıkar sonrasında zamanla normal haline döner. El ile memedeki şişliğin boşaltılmaya çalışılması ise lokal iritasyon, büyümenin artması, hipertrofinin uzun sürmesi veya mastitin oluşması gibi istenmeyen etkilere yol açabilir. Burada cinsiyeti kız olan yedi günlük bir yenidoğan vakası sunulmaktadır ve çalışmamızda uygulanan görüntüleme yöntemide daha önce konulan teşhisi desteklenmektedi

Prominence or even enlargement of one or both breasts is known in neonates. It is believed to be a physiological response to falling levels of maternal estrogen towards last trimester of pregnancy. This input stimulates prolactin release from the newborn's pituitary leading to transient neonatal breast enlargement. This phenomenon is independent of the gender of the neonate. It presents in the first few weeks of life and resolves subsequently. Often fluid discharge is noted from the prominent or swollen breast that resolves without treatment in subsequent weeks. Manual breast manipulation for discharge removal may lead to undesirable effects like local irritation, enhanced enlargement, prolonged tissue hypertropy or even mastitis. A case of such 7-days female neonate is presented here backed with imaging evaluation for confirmation of diagnosis. Typical sonomammographic findings are described. [Cukurova Med J 2015; 40(Suppl 1): 22-24]

Preseptal and orbital cellulitis are relatively more common in children than adults. If left untreated orbital cellulitis is more serious, and can cause vision loss and life-threatening conditions. Thus, it's early differentiation from preseptal cellulitis is critical for initiating prompt treatment. In this study, contrasting features of preseptal and orbital cellulitis are highlighted to aid physicians in the management of these infections. Medical records of 62 children admitted to hospital with the diagnosis of preseptal or orbital cellulitis between January 2011 to July 2015 were retrospectively evaluated. In this series, preseptal cellulitis (81%) was observed more commonly than orbital cellulitis (19%). The average age of the patients with orbital cellulitis was higher than that of the cases with preseptal cellulitis (8.1±4 v.s 4.8±3 years, p=0.009). Ophthalmoplegia and proptosis were observed in the 58% of the patients with orbital cellulitis. Sinusitis was the most common predisposing factor. Orbital magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed subperiostal abscesses in three cases who were previously diagnosed as preseptal cellulitis by orbital computerized tomography (CT). Antibiotherapy with ampicillinsulbactam with or without ceftriaxone was successful in 95.2% of the patients. The longer treatment period was required for orbital cellulitis when compared to preseptal cellulitis (median duration of 14 vs 29 total antibiotic days, respectively, p<0.001). Sinus abscess drainage was needed in two cases of orbital cellulitis and abscess drainage in one case of preseptal cellulitis. During follow-up, any serious complications were not observed. Accurate diagnosis and prompt treatment of orbital cellulitis can prevent its serious complications, MRI can aid in difficult cases so as to differentiate orbital cellulitis from preseptal cellulitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tubercular lymphadenopathy is a common entity. Etiologically it can be divided into primary tubercular lymphadenopathy and secondary tubercular lymphadenopathy. Ultrasound can satisfactorily demonstrate the involved lymph nodes. Hence we reviewed the ultrasound findings in all fine needle aspiration cytology proven cases of tubercular lymphadenopathy that presented in the imaging department in the last 12 months. Nine different criteria on Grey Scale ultrasound imaging and three different criteria on Color Doppler ultrasound imaging were used to different tubercular nodes from metastatic lymphadenopathy. Matting, presence of intranodal necrosis-caseation, intranodal calcifications, minimal vascularity and reduced Doppler Pulsatility and Resisitivity Indices were the hallmarks of tubercular lymphadenopathy which enabled correct diagnosis with a sensitivity of 85.25% and a specificity of 98.36 %. Thus ultrasound can satisfactorily differentiate between tubercular and metastatic lymphadenopathy. [Cukurova Med J 2013; 38(2.000): 189-195]

Metastatic Lymphadenopathy is a common occurrence now with the earlier detection possible due to advances in imaging sciences. Although, at times the site of original malignancy is known; there are instances when the primary source of malignancy remains unknown. Ultrasound has the potential to non invasively evaluate the affected lymph nodes. Hence we reviewed the ultrasound findings in all fine needle aspiration cytology proven cases of metastatic lymphadenopathy that presented in the imaging department in the last 12 months. Multiple criteria on Grey Scale ultrasound imaging and on Color Doppler ultrasound imaging were used to label metastatic lymphadenopathy. Round nodes without any matting, presence of intranodal necrosis, intranodal calcifications, increased vascularity and elevated Doppler Pulsatility and Resisitivity Indices were the hallmarks of metastatic lymphadenopathy which enabled correct diagnosis with a sensitivity of 85.25% and a sensitivity of 98.36 %. In our review, the most sensitive and specific criteria was the Roundness Index on Gray scale imaging and Resistance to Perfusion on Color Doppler imaging. This review shows how, ultrasound can satisfactorily diagnose metastatic lymphadenopathy and can therefore be used in the diagnosis as well as follow up of such cases. [Cukurova Med J 2013; 38(2.000): 196-201]

Tuberculosis (TB) is still an important health problem in Turkey as well as in the world. Although rare, neurological involvement may be encountered in disseminated TB. TB meningitis and to a lesser extent, intracranial tuberculomas may accompany neurotuberculosis. Herein, we present a case that developed neurological symptoms a short while after being diagnosed with miliary TB due to the fact that rarely seen intracranial tuberculomas accompanied meningitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the clinical and pathological outcomes of the patients with complex renal cysts managed surgically. Materials and Methods: Records of 108 patients with Bosniak type III and IV cystic renal masses managed with partial or radical nephrectomy between 2008 and 2014 were reviewed. Renal cysts were classified according to Bosniak classification system by using the preoperative computed tomography (CT) images. The pathology results of the operated complex renal cysts were analyzed and the clinical data of malignant and benign cystic renal masses were compared. Results: A hundred and eight patients were operated for complicated renal cysts and 98 patients whose clinical data could be obtained were included in the study. The mean age was 57.3±12.3 (27-82) years and the mean cyst size was 6.6±3.6 cm (2-28 cm), 53 (54%) patients were males and 54 (55.1%) cysts were on the left side. According to the preoperative evaluation of cysts; 21 (21.4%) cysts were diagnosed as Bosniak type III cysts and 77 (78.6%) cysts were diagnosed as Bosniak type IV. Of the 98 patients, 74 were asymptomatic and the most common symptom was flank pain (16.3%). Malign cyst was diagnosed in 76 patients (77.6%). Malignancy rates were 52.4% and 83.1% in Bosniak type III and type IV cysts, respectively. Of the 76 malign cysts 54% showed clear cell renal carcinoma. Of the 22 benign tumors 50% were benign cyst and 27.3% showed angiomyolipoma. Of the 68 renal cell carcinomas 36.8% was in T1a stage and 62.5% were Fuhrman grade 2. Risk factors for the malignancy potential of the complex renal cysts were advanced age, higher cyst size, male gender and higher Bosniak score. Conclusion: Big-sized cystic renal masses especially in male patients with advanced age should be considered for malignancy and surgical management should be kept in the forefront. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Primary liver cancer is one of the most common and lethal type of tumors in the world. Hepatocellular forms compose about 80% of all primary liver tumors. Our aim is to evaluate the patients with hepatocellular carcinoma admitted to our clinic retrospectively. Methods: First we identified viral hepatitis serology and whether antiviral treatment was administered before the diagnosis and the period until the development of hepatocellular carcinoma for each case with hepatocellular carcinoma. Child-Pugh stage in cirrhotic cases, the stage of viral hepatitis in non-cirrhotic cases, and the treatment method suggested for hepatocellular carcinoma and the average life expectancy (for the patients whose life expectancy is known) were evaluated. Alpha-feto protein levels and computerized tomography, ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging findings were evaluated retrospectively. Correlation between alpha-feto protein levels and tumor numbers were evaluated statistically. Results: Total of 69 patients were evaluated. The median age at presentation was 62.8 (ranging from 25 to 80) years. Median (overall survival) OS was 7.0 (ranging from 0 to 145) months in all patients. 18 patients (41.9%) were Child-Pugh Class A, 12 (27.9%) patients were Child-Pugh Class B and 13 (30.2%) patients were Child-Pugh Class C. It was found that patients with severely high alpha-feto protein levels (>200 ng/ml), have 4 fold risk of multiple liver masses (OR: 4.05, 95% CI: 1.22-13.42). For the characterization of a liver mass as hepatocellular carcinoma, the diagnostic effectiveness of computerized tomography was 54.3%, and that of magnetic resonance imaging was 55.8%. Conclusion: As a result the patients with hepatocellular carcinoma can be diagnosed with combination of laboratory findings and imaging techniques. Alpha-feto protein levels are important for follow up of such patients and identifying the multiple mass presences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is a dynamically inducible neurovascular compression syndrome. Clinical diagnosis is often difficult and requires the use of imaging procedures. Imaging is essential in determining the anatomic stuctures undergoing compression, the location of the compression and the anatomic structures responsible for it. Radiographs of cervical spine should be obtained to assess for bone abnormalities. Computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and sonography in association with dynamic maneuvers are valuable techniques in analyzing the neurovascular compression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nuclear medicine plays an important role in the assessment of a multitude of infectious and inflammatory processes. Functional scintigraphic procedures are part of the noninvasive diagnostic armamentarium and give complementary knowledge over anatomic modalities such as ultrasound, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for assessment of infection and inflammation. A number of conventional scintigraphic modalities have been used for imaging of infection and inflammation. The widest experience has been gained with gallium-67 (Ga-67), leukocytes radiolabeled with either technetium-99m (Tc-99m) or indium-111 (In-111). Immunoscintigraphy using various labeled antibodies has also been used in recent years. Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (PET/CT) which is the most technological method of nuclear medicine give significant information with combined anatomical and metabolic assessment for the diagnosis of infectious and inflammatory diseases. With the increasing use of the glucose analog radiopharmaceutical named fluorine18-fluorodeoxyglucose (F–18 FDG) for assessment of malignancies, uptake of this positron-emitting tracer in nonmalignant processes especially in infectious and inflammatory lesions has also been described. The aim of this review is to summarize the role of PET/CT for the assessment of infectious and inflammatory processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Positron emission tomography (PET) has the unique ability to image bodily functions, such as blood flow, oxygen use, and glucose metabolism. PET imaging in combination with computerized tomography (CT) offers a high sensitivity scan for metabolic activity with precise anatomical localization. PET/CT with the glucose analog 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) has become an essential tool for the work-up of patients with cancer for clinical practice. F-18-FDG PET/CT provides valuable information about differential diagnosis, staging and therapy response of oncologic disease. Lung cancer remains the most common cause of death from malignant disease in the world. In this article, the role of F-18-FDG PET and F-18-FDG PET/CT in lung cancers have been reviewed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Primary epiploic appendagitis (PEA) is a rare and self-limiting disease that can mimicking acute apendicitis and diverticulitis because of the clinical symptoms. The present retrospective study was discussed to clinical and radiologic characteristics of PEA. Methods: We reviewed the clinical, laboratory and computed tomography (CT) findings of 10 patients with PEA between August 2010 and December 2012. Results: Ten patients (1 female and 9 males) were diagnosed with PEA. The average age was 37.1 (15-63) years. Abdominal pain was localized to the right (2 cases, 20%) or left (7 cases, 70%) lower quadrants and generalized (1 cases, 10%). All patients were afebrile. Only two patients showed leukocytosis. There were gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea (3 patients) and vomiting (1patient). In all cases, a pericolic fatty mass with a hyper attenuated ring was observed on CT. All of the patients were treated symptomatic. Conlusion: In patients have atypical symptoms and laboratory values with abdominal pain (especially left lower abdominal pain), PEA should be considered in differential diagnosis. For correct diagnosis and avoid unnecessary surgery, CT must be used in diagnosis because imaging findings characteristic of the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Sciences is the property of Turkiye Klinikleri and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Turkish Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation / Turkiye Fiziksel Tip ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi is the property of Turkish Society of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Branchial anomalies are the developmental anomalies of the branchial apparatus which consist of six mesodermal arches seperated by invaginations of the ectoderm called as clefts. Second branchial arches anomalies are the most common branchial anomalies. There is no gender predilection. These are clinically diagnosed. We present a case of rare bilateral branchial fistula in a young lady with a distinctive emphasis on imaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]