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Mamluk Turkish constitutes a significant period of Turkish language in terms of having bilingual dictionary-grammar works and reflecting the limited existence of early Kipchak. Kitābu Bulġatu'l- Muştāķ fi Lugāti't-Türk we'l-Ķifçāķ is the only Turkish work with the phrase "Kipchak" in its title and is one of the significant dictionarygrammar works of the Mamluk field. Until recently, this work was known only in one copy, the Paris copy, however with the publication of Karagozlu and Salan's work in 2022, another and more extensive copy of the work was presented to the reader of Turkology. According to the authors, 759 words that are not found in the Paris copy are identified in this copy, which they call the Kastamonu copy. The vocabulary of the Paris copy was previously subjected to historical comparison by Ananiasz Zajaczkowski and Gulhan Al-Turk, and the vocabulary of the work was confirmed. Moreover, there is no systematic historical comparison in Karagozlu and Salan's study. In this study, 46 words which are not found in the Paris copy and are in the group of hapax legomenon and different variations of 22 words in the Kastamonu copy which are hapaxes before this work are discussed and etymological and lexicological interpretations of these words are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of BABUR is the property of BABUR and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Turkbilig/Turkoloji Arastirmalari Dergisi is the property of Turkbilig/Turkoloji Arastirmalari Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Typology is one of the linguistic disciplines that focuses on the problem of differences in languages and their genetic relationships. While linguistic typology deals with differences, it is close to researchers of language universals that study the similarities of world languages. In fact, it would not be wrong to claim that linguistic typology and language universals today act almost together. Actually, the fields of general linguistics and historical linguistics also dealt with the problem of natural human languages with similar approaches. However, today, studies that compare hundreds and even thousands of world languages with contemporary technical facilities and reveal their similarities and differences are generally carried out under the name of linguistic typology. The large-scale linguistic typology studies in the world acknowledge that world languages are even less similar to each other than assumed, culture makes language greatly different, and the typological characteristics of languages are not stationary. In this sense, attracting the attention of world typologists with its strong additive feature, Turkish always has the potential to develop new typological trends. As a matter of fact, it can be observed that contemporary Turkish tends to move away from the "typical" and develops some alternatives to itself in coding some morphological and syntactic categories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

False friends are a practical problem that occurs when two languages come into contact. On the theoretical level, this phenomenon occupies the intersection area of historical linguistics, semantics and lexicography. Practical studies on the matter aim to prepare dictionaries for such words in order to avoid mistakes during learning languages and translation. Theoretical studies, on the other hand, provide data, such as mapping the vocabulary, explaining historical processes by following the ways of lexicographic changes of languages descended from a proto-ancestor. This phenomenon in different languages has been long studied by the linguists offering some categorizations, as well as terminology. It is very common listing false friends between Turkic languages classifying them based on various criteria in similar studies addressing Turkology. Any study which addresses Turkic languages in terms of lexicology, language teaching, translation, etc. will be inevitably related with false friendship. However the theoretical background on which these studies are based seems vague for the present. The contemporary and historical vocabulary of Turkic languages is also needed to be examined and classified in terms of false friendship terminology and categorised according to meaning content of the words. Such a classification should be based on the origin and meaning, with the comparison of the use of common words. This study offers a classification and terminology proposal for studies on false friends between Turkic languages on the Kazakh and Turkish sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Marmara University Journal of Turkology / Marmara Türkiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of Marmara University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper investigates the origin of suffixes in Turkic languages with forms similar to -γaru ~ -gärü and -ra ~ -rä, -ru, -rü, -rϊ ~ -ri, referred to in grammars as markers of a "directive case". There has been considerable uncertainty about historical development of these suffixes as case markers, leading to a number of attempts to reconstruct their original form and function in both Proto-Turkic and Proto-Altaic, all of which have proven inconclusive. This study examines the problem from a new perspective. It begins with a reassessment of attempts at reconstruction, considering the various benefits and shortcomings of each approach. Then, based on morphological and syntactic data from Old-Turkic, it offers a reconstruction of the original form and function of the directive case in pre-Old Turkic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Electronic Turkish Studies is the property of Electronic Turkish Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Turkish is a rich language in terms of presence of vowels. There are eight vowels that originated from the relationship between palatalité, aperture and labialité in terms of their characteristics in general Turkish. These are /a/, /e/, /ı/, /i/, /o, /ö/, /u/ and /ü/. In general, /a/, /i/ and /u/ are considered as cardinal vowels in Turkish. According to this viewpoint, Turkish has a triple vowel system consisting of /a/, /i/ and /u/ in the periods when Turkish could not be pursued in writing. /e/, /ı/, /o, /ö/ and /ü/ vowels have also originated from these three cardinal vowels. Thus, our study is limited to a/, /i/ and /u/ vowels. Periodical restriction of the study is Historical Turkish Dialects Köktürk, Uighur, Karakhanid, Khorezmian, Kipchak, Chagatai and Old Oghuz Turkic languages) In this study we are aiming to determine the following; 1. Sources of /a/, /i/ and /u/ vowels in the historical Turkish dialects, 2. Presence of /a/, /i/ and /u/ vowels in the first syllables and other than first syllables, 3. Sound events taking place in the /a/, /i/ and /u/ vowels and their reasons, 4. relations of /a/, /i/ and /u/ vowels among themselves and with the consonants, 5. whether or not /a/, /i/ and /u/ vowels and sound events taking place in these vowels are determinative within a historical dialect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Article, field study within the borders of Lebanon, aims to share general information on issues to be spoken Turkish. Today, as much as 30000 citizens living in Lebanon for nearly 12000 to be registered. Most of these countries are settled in 1940 after the Turks to come to work. However, the Turks settled in Lebanon after 1940, as well as the more they leave any kind of Arabic language features that reflect the geography of this work is not subject to due. In this study, the number 13200 Turkmen living in this region in the 13th century, which approximate number 9000, 19th living within the borders of Lebanon since the end of the century the Turks and their language is focused on the muhajir of Crete. Turkish Arabic code to be very little in common other than being lived copying the two ethnic groups and languages, should be evaluated in this study suggest that under separate headings. The field of our work in the year 2013 in accordance with the data obtained from the first one into the dialect characteristics of Turkish spoken in Lebanon, and the general features of the language used in the submitted article. Thus, in order to map received Turkish Language in Lebanon, based on the contribution to the field study aimed to achieve. Because the Turkish language is spoken within the borders of Lebanon, UNESCO's intangible cultural heritage are evaluated according to the criteria in the endangered languages program, "critically endangered" we have to mention that. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Dil Araştırmaları is the property of Journal of Dil Arastirmalari and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The process of language learning/teaching dates back past as long as the history of language. The dictionaries that were written in old times should be taken into consideration while several new language teaching methods have been developed. An undated work that was found in the Gazi Husrev Bey Library in Bosnia Herzegovina has been converted into a dictionary of Turkish-Italian. Although not all the words were defined in Italian language, about 85 words/phrases/sentences out of 1315 were defined. While the dictionary was examined in terms of language teaching/learning, the whole words were classified and analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Electronic Turkish Studies is the property of Electronic Turkish Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Electronic Turkish Studies is the property of Electronic Turkish Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Electronic Turkish Studies is the property of Electronic Turkish Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Electronic Turkish Studies is the property of Electronic Turkish Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Diyalektolog - Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi is the property of Diyalektolog and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Electronic Turkish Studies is the property of Electronic Turkish Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In a folk song that was compiled by Cahit Öztelli there is a saying as "to give the shalwar for wine" which means "to give up the last and the most important thing owned to buy wine". To express "giving up the most valuable thing owned", there are different sayings. In Turkish folk literature it is "to sell the shalwar for wine", in Divan and Persian literature it is "to give the cardigan or the notebook for wine", in Arabic literature it is "to give the camel or the cardigan for wine". In this image the teller is mostly the poet. However the teller changes in some occasions. He might be different persons like "abdal, sufi, zahit, rint", wine drinkers (ayyaş, harabat ehli, müflis, mest), religious-historical figures (Bey Bayezit, Şeyh-i San'an) or a transcendental figure like the soul. The object that the teller sacrifices for is mostly wine but according to its importance in society it turns to a shalwar, a cardigan, a book, or a camel in different occasions. A similar expression as "to give the cardigan for wine" can be seen in the 14th century texts of Divan literature. Very same phrase can be read in the Persian verses of Eastern famous poet Hâfız-ı Şirazî (1318-1389). Furthermore this expression can be traced to the 6th and 7th century Arabian literature. The vastness and the depth of this image throughout history give us hints about the sources of Divan literature, the relation among Divan, Arabic and Persian literatures, and common elements in Divan and folk literatures. By using the diachronic method this study aims to find out how far an expression in a Turkish folk song can be traced throughout history and by which means it was transferred to this folk song. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The process of development of the Azerbaijani language has a very interesting word combinations. Determination of compounds in the name of this historical background, non-specific feature is of the evolutionary path. However, this time to name the nondetermination of compounds on the basis of language, ancient and medieval written sources that were not the object of research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Electronic Turkish Studies is the property of Electronic Turkish Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Electronic Turkish Studies is the property of Electronic Turkish Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Richness of languages evaluates by its vocabulary. Some of these words occures with synonyms, which have got same meanings. While investigating oldness of languages, the presence belongs to these language synonyms are also important. Some of synonyms as well taken from other languages. Presence of borrowed words in a language has importance in the way of the language history. Commercial, scientific, literary, etc. relations which are established with the other nations also reverberates to the presence of vocabulary. In the period of the Old Anatolian Turkish, works were given in many fields in addition to orientation of scientific work also as mentioned. Hand scripts in medicine subject point out in the works which proved by the influence of Anatolian Bey’s. Turkish Terms and their synonyms which used in these hand scripts had contributed to comprise Turkish scientific language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this communiqué again we preferred to present some examples from the effects of Turkish Cypriot Culture. For a few years, we have concentrated on our culture’s effect on other cultures in Cyprus. Bearing in mind that we have lived together for hundreds of years with other societies, we have seen fit to give examples of the cultural interaction between other cultures and Turkish Cypriot culture. Our communiqué mostly comprises the effects of Turkish Culture. We have found it convenient to present idioms rather than words. As it can be seen from the examples, in every Greek saying there is a Turkish word. For that reason, we have chosen our title as “Turkish Idioms in Greek Cypriot Language”. These idioms which have the clear evidence of the effect of Turkish Culture have been limited with only 71 examples due to shortage of time. We are happy to be able to contribute to our culture. Now with our best regards we would like to start presenting the examples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Part of Turkish people who settled in Anatolia before 1071 had accepted Christianity and learned Hellenic script. Thus, they have generated a literature with this script. Turkish people who lived in Anatolia and didn’t know any other language except Turkish and members of the Eastern Orthodox Church are called Karaman Turks or Karamans. It has been understood that Seljuks and Ottomans have not interference to their religion. Besides literature, Karaman Turks have been used Hellenic scripts on house appliances, gravestones, religional and civilian structures. Turkish inscriptions that typing Hellenic script are so important in terms of Turkish language, culture and history. Accordingly, we have made case studies in Konya, Niğde, Kayseri, Ankara, Mersin, Isparta, Antalya, Nevşehir, İstanbul, Antalya, Tokat, Ordu, Zonguldak etc. and tried to evaluate and read situated inscriptions. Also we have tried to determine the script they used and texts’ language characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Electronic Turkish Studies is the property of Electronic Turkish Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Türk Dünyası Araştırmaları is the property of Turk Dunyasi Arastirmalari Vakfi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Electronic Turkish Studies is the property of Electronic Turkish Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article contains some evaluations on the Quranic language and expression by moving from two concepts used in rhetoric. Insha and habar deal with the way of word's being uttered in rhetoric. These are conceptualisations that appear with the distinction of expression form or adressing forms. Insa means sentence whose meaning is tied to its utterance or means utterance (kalam) which has no external referance. When we look at Quranic language from this point its said that it has inshâî character. For this reason, in the forms of Quranic utterance and expression styles, content and utterance are inseparable parts of each other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Electronic Turkish Studies is the property of Electronic Turkish Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Electronic Turkish Studies is the property of Electronic Turkish Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Selcuk University Social Sciences Institute Journal is the property of Selcuk University Social Sciences Institute Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article is mentioned that relation written language of Old Anatolian Turkish with Anatolian dialect that spoken 13-15 th. İt is explained source of written language of Old Anatolian Turkish. In the end of this article is claimed that written language of period of time is based on Middle Anatolian dialect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]