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The novel Yaban, which has shaped the character of many discussions since its publication to the present day, has been interpreted in different ways by researchers or readers depending on the group they belong to. At times, it has been valued as a symbol of the dark side of the Anatolian peasant, while at other times, it has been criticized for its elitist approach to the Anatolian peasant. This study does not address the issue of Anatolian peasant reality or the intensity of elitism in Yakup Kadri's attitude. Rather, we are interested in the Anatolian peasant's characterization with dull and static motifs, which is the novel's main subject. Further more, the question of which Dynamics influenced the author's design of these motifs is being investigated. Using his adopted epistemological tradition, the authorsees a clear distinction between the peasant and himself. As a result of the influence of Western thought traditions, Yakup Kadri portrays the peasant on the stage of history in a dull and static manner. However, because the author lifse in a non-Western environment, these same thoughts traditions exclude him. This discussion questions the distinctions established in Yaban and addresses it as a problem of history philosophy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taxes are the most important source of public revenue. Therefore tax policies have great importance for public economy. Despite the modern tax theories and policies of 20th century, no permanant success has yet been achieved in solving the problems related to tax collection. For this reason, problems related to this field remain current on the agenda. Examining the substainability of the tax farming system, has great importance in terms of solving the tax problems of the 20th century. The main aim of this study is to examine the substainability of this tax system. For this aim, analysis is realized by a repeated game theoretical model. The findings of the repeated game theoretical model reveals that this tax system has an unsustainable structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Humanity questions its existence in the historical process in order to make sense of history. This questioning continues in the context of past, present and future. With modern times, history has become an important tool in the construction of common memory, social identity and future of nations. In this context, today, nation states consider it important for teachers to provide students with historical literacy in their curriculum. In order to achieve this, social studies teachers are expected to be competent in historical literacy skills. This study aimed to determine the opinions of social studies teachers regarding history literacy skills. In this study, qualitative research method and phenomenology pattern were used as research methods. The study group of the research consisted of 12 social studies teachers working in public schools in Aksaray in the 2022-2023 academic year. The criterion sampling strategy of non-random purposive sampling was used in the study. The data obtained in the research were analyzed with the descriptive content analysis method. In this research, it was concluded that social studies teachers have history literacy skill competencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It can be said that the accumulation of scientific anthropological knowledge of the Turkish Republic have been undertaken for almost a century by two journals: The Turkish Review of Anthropology, published between 1925 and 1939, and its successor Antropoloji, or as mistakenly known as Ankara University Faculty of Languages, History and Geography Anthropology Journal, that has been persevering since 1963 up to the present day. Even though this peculiar characteristic of Antropoloji is slowly fading out with the recent publications of Istanbul University Anthropology Department’s and the Turkish Anthropology Association’s journals, the historical accumulation, and its background, which has even been the focus of academic, and at times even political disputes, still make the journal to be deemed the flagship of Turkish anthropology. With this study, I aim to leave a mark, albeit small, primarily to the journal’s and then to the discipline’s institutional historiography, or lack thereof, as a part of its unfortunate recordkeeping tradition in Turkey. To achieve this goal, I analyze the number and types of texts, their yearly and affiliative distributions, the self-citations of authors, the citations to the journal, as well as to several important journals in the discipline, and lastly the funding information associated with the published texts in the journal. To conclude, I modestly, yet meaningfully, present that Antropoloji caters to a very diverse readership, attracts authors from diverse disciplines and academic backgrounds, and the journal’s significance along with its broader impact on Turkish anthropology, despite the emergence of the said new journals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the revelation of the Qur'an, Hz. Prophet (s.a.v.) from the time of the, the activity of interpreting the Qur'an, both orally and in writing, has begun. To understand the divine will in the verses, many studies have come into being. However, the need for the classification of these works has arisen. These studies are historical period, place, Tafsir method, sect, etc. historiography of Tafsır has been done by classifying according to the criteria. In this context, the author, who determined that the Maghrib region, which served as a bridge between the Eastern Islamic world and the Andalusian Civilization, was neglected, aims to write a regional history of exegesis by classifying them within in a system the tafsir studies in the Maghreb region. The book; consists of an introduction, two main parts and a conclusion. The introductory part of the study consists of two main titles: "Importance, Scope, Method and Sources of Research" and "Political, Social and Scientific Structure of the Maghreb Throughout History". In the work, the Tafsir History of this region is handled chronologically and its historical process is classified into the Classical Period and the Contemporary Period. The period before the 19th century refers to the Classical Period for the Tafsir History of this region, and the period after the 19th century refers to the Contemporary Period. In the First Chapter titled "Tafsir in Maghrib: Classical Period", the author classifies the works that were copyrighted until the 19th century as "Lost Tafsırs", "Manuscript Tafsırs", "Printed Tafsırs", "Hashiyahs", "Ihtisars" and "Studies on Qur'anic Sciences". This titling is largely maintained in the second part of the book. As a result, the work; mentions the tafsir activity and copyrighted works, which started with the conquest movements in the Maghreb region and have survived to the present day, and introduces them in general terms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to review the book titled "Allah, İnsan ve Tarih: Kur'an da Tarihin Kavramsal ve Meta-Paradigmatik Temelleri [God, Human, and History: Conceptual and Meta-paradigmatic Foundations of History in the Qur'an]". The Qur'an constructs the future by providing examples from past experiences and reveals its own worldview. In this process, certain concepts undertake the task of being the building blocks of constructing the future. The concept of history is one of them. This work at hand deals with the concept of history in the Qur'an in detail. Additionally, it explores other concepts in the Qur'an related to history in accordance with its integrity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent days, it has been observed that the number of discussions on the phenomenon of nationalism and religion has increased all over the world, both in the national and international arena. This situation arises from the urge to reactivate the consciousness of being a nation in the memories of societies. The same is true for the Russian Federation. Looking at their historical traditions, autocracy, nationalism and Orthodoxy in the Russian land are inseparable parts of a whole. Christianity, which is one of the most prominent components of the Russian land, constitutes the subject of our research. Our study is based on the assumption that Russian governments and people do not always approach the concept of religion in the same way. In order to clarify this situation, the religious policies and their reflections on the society in the Russian lands were examined from the acceptance of Orthodoxy until the XXIst century. The wide time span created limitations in detailing the developments. On the other hand, it contributed to illuminating the events on the basis of a holistic view and cause-effect connection. While conducting the research, the principles of the holistic approach, historical, descriptive and comparative methods were used. As a result of a large-scale examination, it is striking that there were different approaches to religion in Russian geography at various times. The acceptance of Orthodoxy as the official religion at the end of the Xth century completely changed the way of life of the Russians. Traces of this change could be seen in many fields such as culture, art, literature, craft and trade. Slavs living on different lands came together and the foundations of the Russian state were laid. The principality of Moscow, which formed the main core of the new state, was built on a religious unity, that is, founded and raised on the basis of Orthodoxy. The Russian Orthodox Church became one of the few institutions that survived during the Mongol invasion (1243-1480). Religion gained the identity of being the main element feeding the desire and feeling of being a nation at that time when the lack of central government was felt. Since the middle of the XVth century, the Russian Orthodox Church gained its freedom when it started to appoint its own clergy without asking the Byzantines. The exit from the Time of Troubles (1598-1613), in which there was an administrative gap and a crisis in the country, was again realized with the help of religion. The process of schism (raskol) that started in the 1650s was the first major blow to religion. These separatist views in the church also paved the way for secularization to be experienced in the future. With the abolition of the patriarchate and the establishment of the Holy Synod in 1721, the power of the church decreased and it turned into an institution dependent on the tsar. Although a secular management approach was adopted, Orthodoxy continued to maintain its importance for the Russian people. During Catherine II’s period, the policy of religious tolerance was followed for the first time in Russia and the other religions and sects were approached moderately. The tsarist regime, which left secularism aside in the XIXth century, used religion to establish its own power. Religion, which directed the movements of thought in the country, was seen as indispensable by the Slavophiles against the Westerners. The advances in science, the politicization of the church, the worsening of economic conditions, and the spread of movements of thought such as nihilism and Marxism led to the questioning of religious feelings in society. As a matter of fact, with the Bolsheviks taking over the government, the biggest blow was dealt to religion. It was determined that the Communist Party administration, which adopted the scientific atheism doctrine, applied oppressive religious policies even though they were flexible from time to time, and tried to remove the concept of religion not only from the public sphere but also from private life, but these efforts did not find a full response in the society. It’s interesting that although the Communist Party leaders were mostly criticized for the fight against religion, it was seen that the previous administrations also used religion as a tool to implement their own policies with different methods. In fact, the aim was not a direct struggle against religion, but a struggle with religion. The common goal of all of them was to increase the power and dominance of the central authority. Thanks to the findings, answers were sought to the questions of why Christianity was brought up for discussion with the schism process, why politics turned into one of the main administrative areas and tools, whether religion was included in the gap between the public and the palace, and in summary, it was tried to illuminate the way for Russia to have a bipolar Christianity understanding, from spiritual to material. After the schism process, two different understandings of Christianity settled in the Russian belief system: ‘spiritual Orthodoxy’, which had historical, traditional foundations and Russian people followed, and ‘material Orthodoxy’, which was guided by the tsarist, imperial or communist regime rulers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As in the whole world, fin fish culture is developing rapidly in our country. Trout has taken the place of the first among the cultivated species in Türkiye. Although it has been reported that commercial investments for trout production in Türkiye started in the 1970s, it is noteworthy that the first trial productions and fisheries in lakes were carried out in the 1950s. With the trials conducted under the leadership of Prof. Dr. Curt Kosswig in 1954 in Abant lake, Salmo trutta abanticus Tortonese 1954, juveniles were produced from trout eggs and released into the lake. Later on, trout were produced with increasing interest in the 1980s and 1990s and gained significant importance in aquaculture, with its production facilities increasing in number in the 2000s. Production, which started with eggs brought from abroad initially, has become a developed and important sector, especially with the increase and modernization of hatcheries. In addition, with a critical production move for the Black Sea under the name of Turkish Salmon, it has become a product that creates a valuable added value in exports. With this study, information about the historical development of trout farming, which is an important species, has been compiled. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

History is one of the means that social, political and religious structures use to build their present and future. In order to achieve their goals, these organizations deal with historical data ideologically and build a blessed past. This is also true for sectarian structures and biographies of important figures in the history of Islam. In this study, it has been tried to reveal the comprehension problems caused by the ideological perspective in the example of Muʿâwiya ibn Abî Sufyân, one of the most controversial names in Islamic history. Mu‘tazila and Hanbali authors made Muʿâwiya the subject of examination due to the social structures they belong to and the conditions they were in. Although the authors of both sects dealt with the same person and benefited from the same sources, two diametrically opposite portraits of Mu‘âwiya ibn Abî Sufyân has emerged. On the one hand, Mu‘âwiya, who is claimed to guarantee paradise; Mu‘âwiya, who is claimed to be in hell on the other hand. Each group has read history in line with their ideological values and built history backwards. Is it possible to find the real Muʿâwiya among these approaches? How did these approaches affect Islamic thought? How should today’s historian behave in the face of these materials? Is it possible to construct an objective history or understanding of history despite the ideological data of the past? This study aims to draw attention to the ideological understanding of history and the importance of source critique in the example of Muawiya. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this research is to explore on Ibn Khaldun's historiography methodology, which contributes to historical philosophy and attempts to develop history as a science. History, according to Ibn Khaldun, is a true account of events that occurred within a certain era or civilization. However, mere knowledge is insufficient for the logical recording and transmission of specific, particular, and genuinely lived historical events. Ibn Khaldun presented the science of umran as this science of principles and frameworks, believing that a science of principles and frameworks is as important as knowledge. For the science of Umran to produce examples/models, history supplies data material. The Umran scholar also provides the historian with the examples/models of causal explanations that he need in order to scientifically analyze the evidence he has. With the methods he proposed, Ibn Khaldun established the study of history on a scientific basis, rather than on spiritual advice-based story. In the 14th century, Ibn Khaldun, whose grasp of history impacted many major philosophers after him, became the practitioner of the causal/inductive concept of science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The word "ethnos" first appeared in Ancient Greek texts. It has passed through various definition stops during its journey from that date to the present. However, when the scientific studies carried out are examined, it is striking that a clear semantic framework cannot be drawn for the concept of ethnos. In order to contribute to the solution of this problem, in the study, the word ethnos has been discussed together on the chronological and geographical levels. First, an etymological analysis of the word was made, then until XXI. century all the meaning changes in different geographies were determined by descriptive and comparative analysis methods from the perspectives of various scientists. In the light of the examination, it has been concluded that ethnos, which was used in close meanings with words such as state, group, people, tribe, clan, class, nation before, has been more frequently used together with the words ethnic origin, ethnic structure and ethnicity in recent years. In addition, it has been noticed that the word reflects various ideological approaches in different geographies. It is thought that, thanks to the results, it has contributed to the formation of a conceptual framework of the word to be used in many fields, especially in sciences such as anthropology, archeology, ethnology, ethnography, geography, and history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article we will focus on a famous rawī, named Ibn Lahīʿa. It is possible to find Ibn Lahīʿa, whose lineage is mentioned as ʿAbd Allah ibn Lahīʿa b. ʿUqba al-Miṣrī, frequently in early jarḥ-taʿdīl sources and muṣannaf works. But, especially from the view of ḥāadīth narrations and rijāl criticism, he is often mentioned negatively. For example, among the statements about his jarḥ-taʿdīl status, we find such expressions as "He is ḍaʻīf (weak).", "He is ḍaʻīf al-ḥadīth.", "His ḥadīths do not qualify to be used as evidence.", "He is not qawī." or similar expressions which have become widespread, and he is mostly considered majrūḥ. Also, we can see that some prominent scholars who are considered experts in this field said about him, "Do not even take a letter from him!", and "More or less, I never take ḥadīths from him!" and they have warned us to stay away from him and his ḥadīths. However, we can learn from the rijāl sources of the first period and the recent academic studies about him that there are also scholars who say laudatory words about him. For instance, the addressee of these laudatory words is the same person: "Ibn Lahîʻa has first-hand sources."; "There are even those who go on pilgrimages many times just to meet him."; "His memory was solid."; "When someone says the muḥaddith of Egypt, he comes to mind." These two different approaches about him show that it would be useful to reestablish Ibn Lahīʿa's situation in all aspects and with an unbiased eye. We think that the way to get to know him in a way that is free from prejudice and impartial is to take a closer look at him and focus on the environment in which he grew up. Therefore, in this article, the geography of Ibn Lahīʿa's life, the widespread madrasas, and the scholarly life in that region have been briefly discussed. Our aim in doing this is to try to get clues about whether the provisions given about Ibn Lahīʿa, who grew up in an environment where Sunni-Shiite differences of opinion reigned, where fanaticism of faith occurred quite a lot in the geography and century where he lived, where there were sectarian bigotries and mostly there was no calm scholarly environment. From the earliest periods, the region of Egypt, the geography in which he lived, attracted attention as a place where the ṣahaba often visited, especially in terms of ḥadīth, fiqh, and history of Islam, where there is an intensive scholarly working environment. It is safe to say that the following names are at the forefront among ṣahaba who were residents in Egypt or passed through it at any time: ʿUthmān, Abū Ayyūb al-Ansārī, Abū Hurayra, Ibn ʿAbbās, ʿAmmār b. Yāsir, ʿAmr b. al-ʿĀṣ, ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿUmar, ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿAmr b. al-ʿĀṣ, al-Zubayr b. al-ʿAwwām, Saʿd b. Abū Waqqāṣ, ʿUbāda b. al-Ṣāmit, Jābir b. ʿAbd Allāh al-Anṣārī, Khāṯīb b. Abū Baltaʿa, Abū al-Dardā, Abū Ḏar al-Ghifārī, Diḥyah b. Khalīfa al-Kalbī, Muʿāwiya b. Abū Sufyān, Mughīra b. Shuʿba, Miqdād b. al-Aswad, ʿAbd Allāh b. Khuzāfa, ʿAbd Allāh b. al-Zubayr b. al-ʿAwwām, Rāfiʿ b . M ālik, S alama b . a l-Akwaʿ, Sahl b. Saʿd al-Sāʿidī, Shuraḥbil b. Ḥasana, Sila b. al-Haris al-Ghifari, ʿAbd Allāh b. Ḥārith b. Caz' al-Zubaydī, ʿAbd Allāh b. Saʿd b. Abū Sarh, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Abū Bakr al-Ṣiddīq, ʿUqba b. ʿAmir al-Juhanī, Muḥammad b. Maslama. Among these names, it appears that ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿAmr b. al-ʿĀṣ mainly directs the scholarly activities of Egypt. Here, an investigation of the effects of Egyptian geography on Ibn Lahīʿa, which has been the scene of mobility in scientific, intellectual, religious, political, and social aspects since the time of the ṣahaba, will be able to help us to get to know him more closely. The fact that there are not enough studies in the Turkish literature that deals with the scholarly environment in the second century of the Hijra in which Ibn Lahīʿa lived and the idea that new research to be done will lead to better recognition of him have led to the emergence of the present article. Unlike other studies conducted on him, this article mainly examines the scientific district and somewhat influential madrasas in Egypt during Ibn Lahīʿa's upbringing. The present study shows that Egypt was very dynamic city politically, culturally, and scientifically in the age of Ibn Lahīʿa; especially that madrasas of history, fiqh, and story/preaching carried out an intensive activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Ifriqiya region, which refers today to Tunisia, is the first region in the Fiqh basin of Maghrib where fiqh sects were transferred. For this reason, it is regarded as a central point in the history of fiqh. Hanafism, which was the first sect to migrate to the region together with Malikis, became widespread in Tunisia in a short time. It continued to rise until the 5th century Hijri. Until the end of the 10th century, its existence gradually decreased. After Tunisia came under the political administration of the Ottoman Empire, it became stronger and widespread in the region. It has preserved its existence to a certain extent until today. In this study, the factors that were effectiveness of Hanafism in Ottoman-era of Tunisia will be discussed. In this period, information will be given about the Hanafi ulama who took the responsibility of the iftâ institution. It aims to present a general point of view about the situation of the sect in this period from the perspective of the history of fiqh. This study hopes to make a modest contribution to the history of fiqh. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mecmû'a-i Nevresîdegân was a periodical published for children/youth in Istanbul in the last period of the Ottoman Empire (1298/1882). The periodical was published by three young friends named H. Tayfur, A. Âsaf and A. Vasfi, who introduced themselves with the signature "Rüfekâ-yı selâse-yi tahririyye" and was offered for sale for two piasters. There are only two issues of the periodical, copies of which are displayed in three different libraries. Both issues comprise four sections. These four sections are diversified subjects, calculus, geography, and history. Eight pages are allocated to each section of the periodical, which consists of thirty-two pages. When we look at the design of the periodical, it is seen that it was planned more like book chapters than a periodical. Mecmû'a-i Nevresîdegân was designed as a single column. The main features that distinguish Mecmû'a-i Nevresîdegân from other periodicals for children/youth are twofold: it is composed of four different sciences that can be collected as a supplementary source book, and it is possible to see the publication as a supplement and supporter of education in schools. With the article, Mecmû'a-i Nevresîdegân, which was the first to use the word "mecmua" in its name, was introduced and presented to the attention of those interested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the Islamic scientific tradition, there have been personalities who set the agenda, set the direction, and differed from their peers or equivalents thanks to their wide area of influence. The differences of these personalities were not only felt in their own time, but also their influence and power became more noticeable in the following periods and centuries. The lives of the people whose existence and difference are felt in any field of life have always been a matter of curiosity and were found worthy of research and learning. In the religious traditions, the prophets and the personalities who served as a brigde to their teachings were wondered, and details of their life adventures became the focus of attention. In the Islamic tradition of narration, the age of the subordinate who came after the companions and those who lived in that century performed a very important task in the transmission od religious/prophetic knowledge. The son of a very important family, one of the first muslims, Urwah b. Zubayr also stands as a figure that is dealt with in this contaxt. Because he took his place in the sources as a scholar of hadith, fiqh, tafsir and prophetic biography/maghâzî fields. Both in religious sciences and in the information about the life of Hz. Prophet, Urwah b. Zubayr covers a very large area. Our study, ‘’ A Personality of High Point in Science: Urwah b. Zubayr’’ is to explore and learn about Urwah’s life more closely; it is intended to touch on the unknown aspects of his life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Imperial Edict of Gülhane in 1839 marked a new era in the history of Ottoman modernization. As in almost all fields, reform movements heavily influenced by European ideas showed their effects in the field of law. While new criminal laws were being enacted with a Western approach, the Nizamiye [guardhouse] courts were being established that would carry out trials based on these laws. This article addresses the crimes that were committed between 1876-1880 in the Ottoman capital of Istanbul as based on the Dersaadet, Beyoğlu, and Üsküdar Nizamiye court records. For this purpose, the article analyzes statistical information regarding crimes such as homicide, larceny, extortion, bodily harm, rape, and forgery that were committed in Istanbul during the specified period as well as the individuals who committed these crimes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Tonyukuk Inscriptions, located in the Baín-Tsokto region, hence also known as the Baín-Tsokto Inscriptions, were erected by Bilge Tonyukuk in the first half of the 8th century. The inscriptions have come to the fore with their historical value and have been examined in terms of linguistic features, even if it is mentioned that they have a literary quality. As an example of the narrative history genre, although the historical narrative seems to be in the foreground, the narrative has been deliberately constructed because it was written to make the reader adopt a certain thesis. The composition was determined from the very beginning, and it was not messy thanks to a tight plot. Since Bilge Tonyukuk, the author of the inscriptions, is also the narrator and main character of the narrative, the text can be considered as a "historiographic autobiography/fictional autobiography". In the inscriptions, elements such as plot, narrator, people, and setting are conspicuously processed in a way that serves to reveal and emphasize the message of the text. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review contains the evaluation of the book set titled The History of Muslim Women. The History of Muslim Women consists of 5 volumes: Muslim Women in History, Muslim Women in Geography, Muslim Women in Politics, Muslim Women in Thought, and Muslim Women in Science. The work is the product of a collective work that aims to look at the Muslim woman from the inside among the studies on the subject. The work, which was written by Muslim women thinkers who are all experts in their fields, represents a first in its field in this respect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A chronogram in the form of poetry is the art of writing a verse, a couplet, a stanza, or a ghazal using the gematria to show the date of an important or notable event. The art in question has been used in almost all areas of life such as birth, death, appointment, dismissal from a duty, circumcision, marriage, construction of some important structures, their repairment, war, and peace. In literary works created with the Arabic alphabet, sometimes emphasis was placed on their numerical value, rather than on the sound expressed by letters or the meaning of words. One of the most important features of such poems is that it records the history of an important event in the period when they were written or confirms the history of an event recorded by historians. In this art, a word or verse that requires dexterity and mastery is expressed in a way that gives the date of an event by calculating the numerical values of the letters according to the gematria. It requires intense mental effort, as elements such as meaning, measure, and rhyme should also be paid attention to besides the gematria in the chronogrammatic poems, which are mentioned among the bedi‘ arts in the science of rhetoric. In classical Arabic literature, art products related to chronogrammatic, which can be called letter engineering and word architecture, have quite interesting examples. These artifacts, which we can often come across in private or public libraries, mosques, madrasahs, on minaret signboards, tombstones, and at the entrances of caravanserais, inns, baths, mansions, and palaces, carry the identity of a historical document along with the feature of a semantic table created by a skillful poet. Depending on the reason for writing, the poems in question were first expressed orally by ghazal citers or mourners, then engraved on paper by calligraphers, and finally engraved on marble or stones by the etchers and were handed down to the centuries to come. Scholars, writers, and poets from Siirt who produce works of compilation, translation, commentary, and annotation in every field of Islamic sciences did not remain indifferent to the heritage in question and wrote poetic works on various occasions in this field, which we can also call "numerical poetry". They gifted literary works that are valuable as historical documents to future generations by transferring many subjects such as important events affecting the society and period in which they lived, zoning and construction activities, death of prominent figures of the era. In our study, first of all, we will focus on the definition of the art of chronogrammatic, its features, its literary face, as well as its importance in terms of history, then a general framework will be drawn about the "gematria calculations", which expresses the numerical values given to the letters in the Arabic alphabet, and its features and the main points to be considered in the poems written based on the gematria. In the second part, after giving information about the main topics and usage areas of the chronogrammatic poems, the subject will be discussed in detail by giving examples from the works of scholars, writers, and poets from Siirt who were born in the age of Ottoman Empire. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although modern aviation has a history of more than a century, it has developed at a rapid pace with the influence of unlimited military demands. After the first taking off was achieved in 1903 with a controlled, self-propelled, and heavier-than-air vehicle developed by the Wright Brothers in America, aircrafts began to be used for military purposes from 1912. This situation doubled production and development. In the First World War, aviation started to be talked about production speed, and in the interwar period, distance, altitude, and speed records. As a result of the increase in the power and number of engines used in aircraft, passenger and freight transportation emerged. The armed forces, transporters, pilots, and aircraft factories have directed the industry. In the early days, Turkish aviation developed simultaneously with international developments, and while it came into existence early in 1912, it was unfortunately interrupted after a 47-year period due to wrong attitudes and policies. In the study, it is aimed to deal with the interruption of the first period of Turkish air industry in the historical perspective because of the obstacles against the opportunities that emerged in the installation process between 1912-1959 that started in parallel with the world. It has been mentioned that what happened in the development process of the Turkish aviation industry before and after the Republic was due to personal negative attitudes, close-mindedness and not believing in what was achieved. In the study, by using the literature review and analysis method, it has been tried to present a suitable perspective for the construction of the future by examining the reasons that stopped the development of Turkish aviation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As revealed by Allah (c.c.), Hz. It should be said that the Qur'an, which was revealed to all humanity through the Prophet (pbuh), had a meaning far beyond being just a book for Muslims after its revelation. Because the Qur'an is both a guide for MusIims and a book that makes them exist in history and aIso gives them personaIity whiIe maintaining their existence. The Qur'an has functioned as a source of nutrition and a vital value for Muslims since its revelation, in all past historicities as weII as in the one we Iive in. Therefore, it is cIear that this is again a miracIe of the divine text. When viewed from this perspective, some soIutions shouId be produced based on the Qur'an for the deadIocks of today's historicism. Because it is conscientiousIy true that aII kinds of scientific and eye-opening ideas shouId be evaIuated. However, imprisoning the Iofty word in history is the greatest injustice that can be done to it. DeveIoping different arguments about the validity of its provisions, especially by postponing the text of the Qur'an, both casts a shadow over the universality of the Qur'an and opens the subject of the divine text to discussion. In this sense, it is quite possible that it wouId be more meaningfuI and accurate to deveIop a method taking into account the IsIamic tradition and acquis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article contains a critique of the book series “History of Muslim Women”. The status of women in Islam is one of the most emphasized issues in today’s world, where women’s rights debates are frequently made. In the series, this issue is discussed through the original sources of religion and the results obtained in this way are evaluated in comparison with the approach of Muslims to the matter in the historical process. In this way, the changes and transformations in the minds of Muslims regarding women are revealed. In the series, the prominent attitudes and discourses accusing Islam in the Western literature regarding the position of Muslim women are criticized and it is stated that Muslims often defend themselves based on false grounds and arguments against these discourses. The book series, which is based on the claim that the position of women in Islam can be understood with an objective and holistic approach, not a patriarchal perspective, consists of the writings of female academics who are experts in their fields. In this study, which extensively examines the adventure of Muslim women in the themes of history, geography, thought, science and politics, each theme was examined in a separate book and planned in a way that would ensure the integrity of the subject. In our study, each theme of the book named “History of Muslim Women” was handled separately. And finally, a general evaluation of the book was made. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Greeks have a distinctive status in historiography. In fact, some historians declared the Greeks as the "inventor of history" and Herodotus, the Greek historian called as “father of history. Following the Greco-Persian Wars, the Greeks gained self-confidence and described the non- Greek- speaking peoples as “barbarian”. This might be the first “othering” movement in historiography. The Scythians, one of the ancient societies of Turkish history, between the 8th and 4th century BC in history timeline. When the Greek historiography began, the Scythians were the neighbors of the Greek societies. Because of this adjacency, many Greek authors and historians depicted much information on the Scythian society in addition to Persian, Assyrian and Chinese sources about Scythian history. In our study, the Greek historiography was examined in the context of "barbarian and the other", by attributing the inability to be "objective" in historiography. Then, a portrait of the “the other (marginalized) Scythians” was searched in the works of Greek authors and historians. In Greek historiography, it has been observed that the Scythians were marginalized at least as much as the Persians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The most important factor that enables the people of Mecca to turn to trade is the land structure and climate of the town, which does not allow agriculture and animal husbandry. Despite this negativity in its geographical conditions, the fact that the holy place Kaaba is located within the borders of Mecca brought the people of the town to a different and privileged position in the eyes of the people of the region. Taking advantage of this prestige that they have, the people of Mecca have determined various rules regarding the dimension of faith and worship of religion. An important part of these rules consists of elements that contribute to the economy. So much so that they have established various markets based on economic activities during the pilgrimage season, where all people in the region can travel safely. In order to be able to participate more in these markets, they postponed the haram months, where war and bloodshed are prohibited, to the time periods of the year that are suitable for shopping with the practice of nasî. At the same time, they turned the Kaaba into a temple of idols belonging to various tribes in the region, making it compulsory for those who visited the idols to present gifts. There are traces of the understanding that provides resources for the economy in the rules that people who come to Mecca to perform their pilgrimage must apply. With this aspect, the article aims to determine the relation and interest of religious life and rituals in Mecca before Islam with economic activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Historical figures, who occupy an important place in educating a good citizen, in gaining historical awareness and in the development of the national identity sense, are figures that have proven themselves in one or more areas, have transcend the boundaries of time and place and have been accepted by the society. In this study, it is aimed to determine teachers' views on the role of historical figures in Social Studies course. The study has been conducted in a qualitative phenomenological design. In this context, 15 social studies teachers who actively work in state schools in Elazig province center have been selected. As the study group, purposive sampling method has been used in accordance with the nature of qualitative research. For this purpose, one-on-one interviews have been conducted with the participants. According to the findings, teachers play a key role in teaching students on historical figures. It has been determined that teachers' mention of a writer, scientist and philosopher in lessons is become effective in terms of students' internalizing these personalities. In addition, it has been shown that historical figures are of effective in gaining concepts and values such as patriotism, justice, national identity. While the patriotism of individuals such as Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, Fatih Sultan Mehmet, Metehan and Corporal Seyit has been emphasized, the justice of the Ottoman State and the Ottoman State came to the fore within the concept of justice. In the sense of aesthetics, the most emphasis has been placed on art and architectural areas, while the most mentioned historical figure is become Mimar Sinan. The guiding influence of television series has been prominent in general in the fact that students take historical personalities as role models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

National holidays are one of the means that nourish the sense of unity and solidarity, aim to transfer the national culture from generation to generation, and provite to best remembering as a nation. Ceremonies, competitions, speeches, recited poems and performances during the feast support the consruction of national identity, ensure that the participants have fun and increase the number of participants in the next feast. While these activities remind the common past, they also help shape the future. While the sacrifices and achievements the ancestors of the pasta re commemorated with national holidays, the national feelings of the nation are revived and their pride is flattered. Another function of national holidays is to express the regime revolution and to instill the consciousness of being a citizen of the republic. National holidays which took place with the wide participation of the people, also strengthened the legitimacy of the political power. Especially 1933-1945 with the insructions of the General Secretariat of the Republican People's Party, holiday celebrations were carried out within a certain plan and program, until they reached the cities, towns and villages throughout the country. The subject of this study is the effect of national holidays in nationalization and modernization and the explanation of this effect with the example of Isparta province. While giving information about how the national holşday celebrations were held in Isparta between 1925-1940 which promrams the interest and socia-cultural impact of the people of Isparta in the celebrations were tried to be determined. The subject has been discussed by making use of archive documents, local press and research works between the specified dates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Egypt, which has preserved its quality as one of the important centers from past to present, became a part of Ottoman Empire in 16th century, but only two centuries later it turned into an international problem. It has been given importance due to its changing structure over time and many studies have been written about Egypt. Among these, chronicles have a special place. Because these works, in which the events are written day by day in a chronological order, are among the rarest sources of historians to describe history better. Two of the chronicles that written about Egypt belong to ‘Abd al-Rahman al-Jabartī (d. 1825), an Egyptian historian. The first of these is Aja’ib al-Athâr fi’l-Tarâjim va’l-Akhbâr which includes the general history of Egypt and the other work of the author is Mazhar al-Taqdîs bi-dhahâb Davlat al-Fransîs focusing on the French expedition to Egypt in 1798 under the leadership of Napoleon Bonaparte. After it was completed, Selim III wanted Mazhar al-Taqdîs to be translated into Turkish and the work was translated by Mustafa Behcet Efendi (d. 1834) in a short time. Our study comprises this translation known as Târîkh-i Mısır. It was published in Cerîde-i Havâdis and repeatedly copied that we detected fourteen of these copies during our study and we had the opportunity to examine twelve of them. Within the scope of our study, we aimed to analyze the general structure of Târîkh-i Mısır and to evaluate the scientific value of the work. Along with the main axis of our research the Târîkh-i Mısır, in our study, we briefly included the life stories and works of Abd al-Rahman al-Jabartī and Behcet Efendi. Then we have detailed the characteristics of the translation such as the copies, the reason and date of writing, its content, writing method, literary features, deficiencies and scientific value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is the village Institutes, which was established by the 'Village Institutes Law' dated 17 April 1940 and numbered 3803 and officially closed by the 'Law on the Unification of Village Institutes and Teacher Schools' dated 27 January 1954 and published as the third program in the village institutes in 1953. and the examination of the 'social studies' lesson according to certain criteria within the framework of the Teacher Schools Program. How the term "social studies", used for the first time with this program, is handled in this program has been examined according to the determined criteria. In this framework, the weekly course distribution schedule, general purposes, explanations, units and topics to be covered and course tools to be used in the program were used as criteria. For this purpose, the study was designed in accordance with the historical research model, one of the qualitative research methods. The data were collected using the document review technique. Descriptive analysis approach was used in the analysis of the obtained data according to the criteria determined in accordance with the aims of the study. In this context, the Village Institutes and Teacher Schools Program published in 1953 was examined according to the determined criteria and the weekly course distribution schedule, general purposes, explanations, units and subjects to be covered and the course materials to be used in the program were presented in tables. As a result, the program in which the term social studies was used for the first time in Turkey was the Village Institutes and Teacher Schools Program, social studies were included in the first cycle of the village institutes by a teacher to cover the subjects of history, geography and citizenship, and in the second period, under the name of social studies, geography and citizenship courses are seen as independent courses and planned to be taught by branch teachers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The poem "Bülbül" [The Nightingale] was written in a dark section of our recent history, upon the occupation of Bursa by the Greeks in July of 1920. In the seventh book of Safahat named Gölgeler [Shadows]; "Bülbül" was written by Mehmed Âkif Ersoy, who also authored the national anthem, while he was in Taceddin Lodge, Ankara as the deputy of Burdur. It was later published in the Sebilürreşad journal dated May 7, 1921. While the occupation of a part of the country was figured and narrated as the main idea, the sadness and reaction of the poet of this catastrophic situation was symbolically reflected through the metaphor of the 'nightingale' in the poem, which has a significant place in Turkish poetry. The poem can be read in two parts. In the first part of the poem, where artistic and aesthetic concerns come to the fore, Âkif describes his pessimistic mood around the nightingale image, which as an element of nature, with various means of expression. In the second part, the cruelty done by the enemy forces in Bursa were explained with a clearer articulation. As in his other works, the framework of the milieu of values of Âkif, who deals with two different worlds with different beliefs and cultures on the axis of "East-West", is determined by the religious and national references shaped by Islam. In "Bülbül", it is observed that the values and characteristics of the Turkish nation are exalted, while the negative attitudes and behaviors of the invading Western powers take on demeaning expressions, and also in this context, it is clear that Mehmet Âkif tried to seek solace by considering the situation of the Turkish-Islamic nation in the face of the West within the framework of the 'values' system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Islamic law has an essence that will never change and the principles and principles that will keep that essence alive. Although these principles are generally outside of ijtihad issues, they cover both religious and moral issues. Although this situation gives the appearance of a dogmatic structure to Islamic law, it is actually a natural consequence of its divine origin. Because, Islamic law is accepted as the ideal law for every Muslim, that is, the law that should be. Actually, they are partially private general law principles that are the criteria for the rules and laws of natural law. With these principles, a person will establish and maintain the most appropriate and closest positive law to the ideal law in the wide and empty field in front of him. Modern law, on the other hand, is a legal system that can function mostly through socialization, education and social psychology mechanisms. This can only be possible with mechanisms such as separation of powers, hierarchy of norms and constitutional institution. Consequently, modern law, with a structure that has less content and values, presents a more formal and neutral legal system appearance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At the beginning of the issues that people are most interested in from the past to the present about living environments is the topic of place names and what they mean. Names of residential centers often make sense of what happened in the past, the present, and the natural environment. Place names contribute quite a lot, especially to the study of cultural geography. Names of a settlement often give us clues about the history of that region, its geographical features, human characteristics, and ways of thinking. In other words, as the past re-finds and revives in space, place names become flesh and bone in that residential center. In this study, the emergence and changes of the nomenclature of the village settlements in and around Eleşkirt from the past to the present in the historical process were emphasized. In addition, a toponomic examination of existing village names was conducted to show how and according to what the names were made. In this study with the case study pattern, the document review method was used when examining the historical change process of village names. The criteria used by Gülensoy (1998) in the classification of names of life centers in Anatolian geography were used when making toponomic examination and classification of current village names. So, which hosted many civilizations from the past Eleşkirt a result of the review of the names of the surrounding villages and an 84% rate is changing and the old names with new names were found to be significant semantic differences between. A toponomic analysis of the names of the villages in and around Eleşkirt shows that the natural environment is very effective. Water Resources, lithological features, topographic features, climatic conditions, plant and animal features occupy an important place in the village names. In addition, the social life, cultural characteristics and historical factors of the local people have been found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the 19th century, Nietzsche was worried that human and life in Europe lost their meaning, devalued and faced with nothingness. For this reason, Nietzsche, who turned to a total opposition to his age, set out to come to terms with the traditional cultural values of his age. Because Nietzsche was aware of the collapse that was felt in the whole culture of the age. Historicizing everything in life and keeping everything captive in history were among the traces of this collapse. This extreme devotion to history posed great dangers for human, life and culture. However, Nietzsche spoke of the need for history to the extent that it serves life and action. In this study, according to Nietzsche, what kind of history is necessary for human and life and what kind of history will poison human and life will be examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some theories in science are like living organisms. They are born from each other, formed into each other, or continue their scientific lives together. It can be mentioned that there is such a relationship between the most famous works of the Soviet scientist Lev Gumilev (1912-1992), the theories of ethnogenesis and passionarnost. Although they are named with two different names, the connection between the aforementioned theories of the scientist should be examined in order to get to know Gumilev better and to understand his theories better. For this purpose, first of all, Gumilev's life and scientific studies will be briefly mentioned in our study. Then, theory of ethnogenesis will be examined in detail. Afterward, the phases of ethnogenesis will be presented as a table and the theory of passionarnost will be introduced. The word passionarnost will first be examined semantically, and the meaning that the scientist wants to express will be revealed by using the word, which is a Gumilev's specific term. Finally, the symbiotic relationship between the theories of ethnogenesis and passionarnost will be analyzed. To reveal the relationship between the theories of ethnogenesis and passionarnost will provide a holistic perspective on a number of historical events and a better analysis of the systematic connections between events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is known that holy scriptures play the dominant role in the story of humanity. Al��- though the Quran, which is the last of the holy scriptures, did not end up with the previous ones’ fates, there were also those who voiced exceptional views about it. There will always be those who consider disturbing Muslims to be ingenious and scientific by presenting historical views as if new. However, the fact that no deficiency can be attributed to the Quran until today has demonstrated its perfection and bad intentions of those who attempt wrong and biased accusations. In our study, it has been shown that the current discussions consist of repeating the old, by drawing attention to some wrong opinions put forward in history about the Quran. In terms of usul al-fiqh, the essence of the Quran and some of its famous names are emphasized. By explaining what doubt is in the context of the provision, it has been tried to explain why there is no doubt in the Quran by the usul al-fiqh and other related branches of science. In addition, in the usul al-fiqh, it is discussed that a holistic approach is aimed by naming the Quran as “al-Kitab”. Although a lot of words are said about the purpose of the Quran, in our study, the understanding of the purpose of the alfaqui was examined with an understanding of general purpose. It has been pointed out that the understanding of the purpose of the alfaqui is based on creed, ethics and judgment and that other purposes are tried to be given within them. It is tried to be mentioned that both understandings of purpose act with the inductive method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The foundation is an institution that offers the best examples of cooperation in our social life. Foundations played a pioneering role in Ottoman social life in many areas from education to health, from shelter to employment. Foundations turn into valuable resources that convey information from the past to the present when the records kept are also involved. The waqfiyas in which these records are kept provide us with information that will enable us to get to know the Ottoman society. This information includes the identities of foundation founders. In the Ottoman period, anyone could establish a foundation regardless of social class and gender. In foundations, women could both work as managers and take positions such as teacher and mullah in these charities. Women could also become trustees at the request of the founder of the foundation. The wives and daughters of the sultans have an important place among the founding women of the foundation. The members of the dynasty offered their wide range of opportunities to the use of people in need in different fields such as social, cultural and education. The purpose of this article is the nature of the waqfiyas of Fatma Hanım Sultan, the granddaughter of IV. Murad. Information about Fatma Hanım Sultan's life is limited. From the information in the waqfiya, it is understood that Fatma Hanım Sultan's mother İsmihan Sultan has undertaken the foundation works that she could not complete because her life did not pass. Among those who are endowed, there is a school where forty poor students are taught. The waqfiyas includes detailed service terms for meeting the needs of the school, school officials and students in cash and in kind. In addition, it is understood that service conditions that will provide income for a large number of people are stipulated. In the light of this information, it is seen once again that women members of the dynasty are active in many areas from education to economy and play a serious role in the statesociety meeting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We could bring a gender history perspective to bear on the history of war, on politics and kingship as well as on revolutions. Gender history entered the historical mainstream. It was about power and about how sexual difference was constructed, through language and through a series of social behaviours. In short, through what we learned from the French philosopher Michel Foucault to think of as 'discourse'. What did it mean, for instance, to talk about the rise of democracy and the rights of the citizen, if you didn't look at how the very idea of political participation was constructed in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries as male? Gendered political history was about far more than when women won the vote. We are now at an exciting historical moment. So this is an ideal time to be thinking historically about what all these changes mean. History, is a really helpful way of opening these questions up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scorpions are arthropods covered with a thick layer of chitin, whose adult individuals have a length between 11.5 and 220 mm. Since they cause situations of poisoning and due to their predatory nature, humans usually fear them. In scorpion envenomation, it is necessary to apply anti-venom especially for patients with severe symptoms. Turkey is a suitable country for scorpion life in terms of climate. Today, it is reported in the world that there are 2512 species of scorpions in terms of 21 families and 195 genera. In addition, when the recent increase is taken into account, it is reported that the number of Scorpion species in Turkey has reached 50 and will continue to increase. Although the most venomous scorpion species known in Turkey is Leirus abdullahbayrami, scorpion anti-venom is obtained from Androctonus crassicauda. The studies show that the antivenom from A. crassicauda in Turkey which had been produced in a continuous manner since 1942 gave better results than other anti-venoms. A. crassicauda, which is shown as one of the five most poisonous scorpions in the world, is about 90 to 100 mm in length, has dark brown or black color, and has claws which are very chunky and a very curved tail. It is one of the most important species regarding medical terms in Turkey. A. crassicauda is mainly found in the regions of Southeastern Anatolia and in the areas of the cities of Iğdır and Kars which have low altitude levels, located in Eastern Anatolia in Turkey. It is stated that the responsible scorpion is the A. crassicauda with respect to the majority of patients who are admitted to the hospital with complaints of scorpion stings especially in the Southeastern Anatolia Region. Scorpion sting events, occurring mostly during the summer period still continues to be a major problem both in Turkey and the world's other countries. The scorpion anti-venom produced from A. crassicauda has taken its place as a national monograph of the Turkish Pharmacopoeia, which was prepared for the first time after many years. This review aims to provide detailed information on the history of anti-venom preparations in Turkey, starting from the foundation of the Turkish Republic up until the present day. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to determine the opinions of history teachers about ensuring their professional development. The sample of the research, in which qualitative research method was used, consisted of 37 history teachers working in different high schools affiliated to the Ministry of National Education in Antalya. The research data were collected with the help of an open-ended questionnaire prepared by the researcher, taking the opinions of field experts. The collected data were analyzed by using the descriptive analysis method. When the results of the study were considered in general, it was concluded that the pre-service training contributed to their professional development, but the in-service training activities provided were lacking in the application dimension Also, professional development activities and related cultural activities exhibited variation, but, in terms of the professional development, history teachers could not actively participate in scientific activities at the desired level, It was found that the high school history teachers followed scientific publications and were aware of the obligation to upgrade themselves for their professional development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When we look into the existing literature on Ottoman Armenians, it is seen that one of the main problems we encounter is the scarcity of the academic publications on the Ottoman Armenian community's literary, cultural, historical and philological works. Especially when it comes to Armenian epigraphic works, there has been negligible academic work. In order to fill this gap, this article examines the Armenian tombstones found in the Ottoman Empire since the second half of the 19th century. It first briefly discusses the related works in the field of epigraphy in Turkey. Then, it looks into the epigraphic works held in Turkey in the field of Armenian to find out the problems in the area. The article demonstrates the density of the Armenian tombstones in Turkey and provides examples of Armenian tombstones found in provinces such as Ankara, Mardin, Aydin, Afyonkarahisar and in various museums. In doing so, it includes a brief information on how these tombstones should be examined. Finally, the article provides the Turkish translation of Armenian texts on tombstones and analyses the content of these articles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In different periods of history, it was determined that a lot of natural phenomena has occurred in a variety of places in the world. The natural phenomena that occurred in the past and had no effect on people have not been seen significant. Nevertheless, this situation has been evaluated as disaster in the event of affection of people directly or indirectly from these incidents. The natural disasters that has happened in a variety of ways may not only be regional but also in large scales. The incident which can be defined as disaster may rise to loss of life and property. It has been detected that there occurred natural disasters happened in a variety of ways in Ottoman State. In the frame of period in question, similar natural disasters can be seen. Having a lot of detrimental effects, the earthquakes and meteorological events have an important place among other natural disasters. The earthquakes and meteorological disasters cause loss of life and property to the extent of their impact. In addition, as a result of these disasters, various problems in the functioning of the state and the difficulties in providing the needs are reflected in the sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phrases formed with the word of üzere discussed among prepositions in grammer studies in both historical Turkish and Turkey Turkish is used in often as adverb in syntax. In this study, it is aimed to emphasize the usage and functional features in terms of collacation preposition of üzere in noun element + preposition in Turkey Turkish. In the examination made for this purpose, it has been seen frequently to use with -mAk gerund suffix in the context of collacation features of preposition of üzere in Turkey Turkish. Preposition of üzere in verb + -mAk structure is used frequently with functions of approach, purpose, reason, condition. Other than these functional features, there are also functional features of structure of -mAk üzere such as sequencing, detailing / explanation, continuity in the action that takes place or is desired to take place. Usegas in structures of --DIğI üzere and -AcAğı üzere of preposition of üzere are less common. In direct proportion to the frequency of use functional diversity in -mAk üzere structure is not seen in sequence of - DIğI üzere and -AcAğı üzere. Preposition of üzere in Turkey Turkish often used with gerunds. The examples on which the preposition of üzere is based directly on the noun type words are not encountered much, but according to the meaning of the noun, in sequence of noun + üzere, it is seen that it is used with the function of reporting continuity / invariance in situation / style / form. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies on historical texts occupy an important place among the studies of Turcology. Historical texts; readings on them, translating text, edition critical of translating into Turkish, phonology and morphology investigations, grammatical index, additional directory is brought to the attention of the published scientific world with different pursuits such as dictionary studies. Various difficulties and unknowns are encountered while conducting historical text studies in the related field of different disciplines such as Turkish language and literature, history, economics, medicine, theology, law, astronomy, and anthropology. It is possible to talk about many problems at this point. One of these problems is getting to know the text correctly. Because a work that is not correctly recognized / introduced could challenge many confusions. At this point, inaccurate or incomplete evaluations experienced in the cataloging process of the work will have a large share. Historical texts are kept with information notes introducing themselves in the collections in which they are stored. This stage takes place with the work of experts in the field of librarianship. Errors or deficiencies to be made at this stage will lead to erroneous data that may be disrupted. In this article, the manuscript recorded with the name "Tabirü'r-rüya" will be emphasized as an example of its related situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Piri Reis leads the study of historical geography by Kitab-i Bahriye, one of the most important books in geography. Piri Reis explained and mapped all of the Mediterranean coasts and islands with their geographical features in the Kitab-i Bahriye that he navigated by following anticlockwise route, starting and ending at Canakkale-Turkey. This unique work is a source for determination of the geographical, economic, social and cultural features of the period, and it is also example of Turkish and World historical geography. Kitab-i Bahriye is an official document of its era that it was presented to the empire, by the information it contains about the geographical information of all the Mediterranean coasts, and the seas, oceans, navigation, maritime, cartography, astronomy and climate. By these features, it can be said that it was the first geography book in Ottoman civilization. Kitab-i Bahriye is a pioneering and innovative work; therefore, it was reproduced in large numbers as parts, chapters and books. Despite it is not known which of these copies is the original book, it is considered that two copies were second-copyright dated 932/1526 and presented to Sultan Suleyman I. In the study, the copies of Kitab-i Bahriye, Istanbul Suleymaniye Library Ayasofya 2612 (A.2612) and Istanbul Topkapi Palace Museum Treasure Collection 642 (TSMK.642) were taken as basis. Two copies of Kitab-i Bahriye were evaluated for determination in terms of language, map drawings, content and technique, and differences. As a result of the research it was concluded that, A.2612 copy was made before, the copies were copied from each other and the text sections were the same; considering that both copies were prepared close to each other, they were prepared to be presented to the two sultans, Sultan Suleyman I. and Sultan Selim II. or Sultan Murat III. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hadith is one of the vacational lectures educated in Anatolian Imam Hatip Highschools. In teaching program of Hadith, it is aimed that defining hadith and sunnah in conseptual level, introduction of its development in history, and teaching its place in religious culture and importance in social life. To regard an education program as successfull, it is required that the students who take the classes should gain the aims of program. Nevertheless, it may not always be possible. Therefore, in consequence of application of the program, insufficient parts of lectures must be detected and the program and its outputs must be evaluated for necessary amendment. In this study, it is aimed to investigate that affinity of students taking Hadith lectures and their learning outcomes of required aims. This research is performed with the students who took Hadith class in 2018/2019 season in Anatolian Imam Hatip Highschools related to Ministry of National Education. As a result of this study in Hadith lessons learning program, it is detected that most outcomes are taken by students while some of them cannot be taken. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abd al-Rahmân Jâmî (d. 898/1492) is accepted as one of the important figures of Islamic thought tradition. Along with the books he has written about kalam (Islamic theology), philosophy, Arabic grammar and manâkib (sufi anecdotes), his Dîvân, consisting of Arabic and Persian mesnevis, has become one of the essential classics of Islamic thought. In addition to the classical education he received, his adoption of Naqshbandi Order with the thought of Ibn Arabî enabled the traces of the Sufi tradition along with the theological, philosophical and linguistic approaches in his works. In this context, Jâmî stands out as a scholar who tried to make a synthesis of the Akbarî and Naqshibandi understanding within the Eş'arî tradition. This study aims to reveal the conception of Jami, who is a Sunni mutakallim (theologist) and poet, about Ahl al-Bayt and political relations of the Umayyad period from his work titled Shawahid al-Nubuvvah. Especially the time that Jâmî lived was a period when the religious policy of the Timurids period varied between Sunnism and Shiism. In this context, the government's pursuit of different religious policies could not ease sectarian tensions and prevent social debates and quarrels. Especially the Shia groups' desire to build the theory of "imamate" and "holy dynasty" over the spiritual authority of Ahl-i Bayt drew these debates to the center of conception of Ahl al-Bayt. The conception of "Ahl al-Bayt", which Shiites put forward in the axis of the concepts of "ismah/innocence" and "vasiyah/testament", turned into a political and religious argument in time; It created a historical conception that excludes the majority of the Companions (Sahâbah), especially al-Hulafâ al-Râshidûn. Against these claims, Jâmî tried to reinterpret the virtues and manâkib of Ahl al-Bayt, contrary to the claims of the Shiites, and sought the opportunity to come up with a common view of Ahl al-Bayt between the two sects. Against these claims, Câmî tried to subject the virtue and menakib of Ahl al-Bayt to a new interpretation contrary to the Shiites' claims, and sought the possibility of establishing a common conception "Ahl al-Bayt" between the two sects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Luṭfī Pas_h_a of Shkodral, one of the viziers of Suleiman the magnificent, wrote famous works in fields such as history, politics, the art of war, and in addition he wrote various books on Islamic sciences, especially in the field of Kalam. In this study, we will take Luṭfī Pas_h_a's approach to the subject of Faith (īmān), The Risāla fî Beyâni Asli'l-Îmân ve Cevherihi ve Sıfâtihi of Luṭfī Pas_h_a will be evaluated from the point of view of Kalam science and reason why the book was written will be investigated, the position of the book's views in classical Kalam sources will be tried to be determined. The position, sources and influence of Luṭfī Pas_h_a's book will be investigated and Lutfi Pasha's own views will be explained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study focuses on the historiography of İhsan Süreyya Sırma who is Professor of Islamic History and his contributions to Islamic history. Sirma who was born in 1943 in Pervari / Siirt, is the historian of books and articles on history and history of Islam in particular. Sırma's the most important study, which is an important place among today's Islamic historians named "Müslümanların Tarihi", is the five-volume which begins from the first human being and the first Prophet, Adam, to the fall of the Ottoman Empire and deals with the political history of Muslims. Determining the understanding of history within the framework of the studies prepared by İhsan Süreyya Sırma on Islamic history is important in terms of revealing its place in Islamic Historiography. In this study, in the context of Sirma's works, his understanding of history, his perception of history, his way of handling and interpretation, his difference from today's historians and his place among Islamic Historians will be tried to be revealed. In addition, this study is intended to be the basis for more detailed and comprehensive studies on the historiography of İhsan Süreyya Sırma. This study is based on literature review of Sırma's own works and related studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]