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Insufficient studies in the field of toponymy in Turkey and its late start compared to the west have led to a lack of information about the sources of place names. This situation created a false perception that many of the old place names are of foreign origin and this has led us to the ease of basing the origin of our place names on foreign sources. As in almost every country in the world, place names have been changed in Turkey, and in the process of changing place names, thousands of Turkish place names have been changed with other names, believing that they are of foreign origin. For this reason, it is important to examine and reveal the place names that we can express as the language, the identity of the place or the memory of the place and which connect us to the past with historical ties. The fact that there are almost no studies on the settlements whose names have been changed in Turkey increases this importance even more. Changed village names of Kağızman district have been examined based on this importance. The study is a source study, made by using historical geography principles and methods, unlike the studies conducted in the form of "toponymic analysis of settlement names" in Turkey. Such studies will contribute to the correct determination of the sources of place names and to enrich the toponymy literature. In addition, the return of place names that have been changed for different reasons but are important in terms of Turkish culture and history will be facilitated by the reference of these studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When Ismail Gasprinsky was born as a child of a Turkish family in 1851, the lands he lived in were under Russian administration. Russia changed the names of the places in and around Crimea and tried to leave this region culturally backward. The reactions of the Crimean Turks to this situation are among the reasons of an important awareness. The Usûl-i Cedid movement, which advocated the modernization of education and its spread to the general public in Crimea, emerged as a reaction to this backwardness. Ismail Gasprinsky pioneered this movement with the schools he opened and the books he wrote, and he wanted to develop the society he lived in both educationally and culturally. Ismail Gasprinsky traveled to other cultural centers around the world and, on the one hand, took on the advocacy of modernization, on the other hand, he made attempts to start an Islamic movement. Ismail Gasprinsky saw the progress of the cultural development and educational methods of the European capitals and took important steps to spread this to places with Muslim populations such as Turks under Russian rule and India. With these initiatives, he draw the attention of both modernist and conservative sectors. These groups criticized some of Ismail Gasprinsky's attempts while praising others. However, it is an important fact that Ismail Gasprinsky has made serious efforts for the progress and development of the society in which he lives in. With these aspects, the education and culture-based activities of Ismail Gasprinsky and the reflections of these activities on his works have been the main subject of this article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some punctuation marks have been used since the first written texts of Turkish. Punctuation marks have taken their place in the western sense in Turkish Language with Şinasi. There have been some changes in the names and usage places of punctuation marks in time. Besides, new usages have been added to the punctuation marks. The increase in the use of social media and the desire to attract attention in written expression have revealed new usages and applications in spelling and punctuation. One of these applications is the punctuation marks used to denote the other word in a word, which can be called "intertwined Word" due to its resemblance to bronze rhyme. "Y'aramızda kalsın." As in the sentence, slashes and paranthesis can be used next to the apostrophe after the letter "y" to emphasize the meanings in our wound (yaramızda) and between us (aramızda). This new form of usage is considered as a contribution to the richness of expression in Turkish. The change and development of punctuation marks in Turkish are mentioned in the first part of the study. In the second part of the study, there are examples of new usages with source search method in different fields, and evaluations and suggestions in the conclusion part. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]