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Copyright of Journal of Natural Hazards & Environment (JNHE) / Doğal Afetler ve Çevre Dergisi (DACD) is the property of Artvin Coruh University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Natural Hazards & Environment (JNHE) / Doğal Afetler ve Çevre Dergisi (DACD) is the property of Artvin Coruh University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Today, knowing the spatial distribution of flood risk using GIS (Geographic Information Systems)-based MCDM (Multi-Criteria Decision Making) approaches has been a topic addressed by many researchers. In this context, the current study focuses on the spatial distribution of flood risk using the N-AHP (Neutrosophic Analytical Hierarchy Process)-based GIS approach. The Melet Basin (Türkiye) is a case study for the suggested methodology. Four decision-makers used linguistic phrases to compare and assess the flood criteria during the method's application phase. The opinions of the decision makers were combined with the N-AHP, and the criteria were weighted. The results determined that precipitation, distance from the river, drainage density, land use, and slope were the most important factors affecting the flood and contributed approximately 74%. Apart from this, it has been observed that 10% of the basin is in the high and very high flood risk classes, and these risky areas overlap with the flood points of past periods. The proposed approach and findings are anticipated to have theoretical and practical implications.

As an inevitable consequence of population growth, human beings occupying more space on the earth's surface are more likely to encounter and be damaged by natural events. In order to minimize these damages, planning is required. Risk modelling studies are an important parameter in planning. Models can be made with higher accuracy with the help of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) technologies, which have been used intensively in multidisciplinary fields in recent years. In this study, the flood risk potential of the Delibekirli Stream Basin, which is located in the central part of the Amanos Mountains and has flood records in 2014 and 2015, was revealed by statistical and deterministic methods. Using various statistical parameters and distribution functions, the unit hydrograph peak flow and 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, 500 and 1000-year flood recurrence flows of the basin were calculated. Using these values, a 1D hydraulic model was created in steady flow conditions using the River Analysis System (HEC-RAS v.6.1) software developed by the US Army Corps of Engineers, Hydrologic Engineering Center (USACE-HEC). In the city of Kırıkhan, which was built on the accumulation fan formed by the Delibekirli Stream, the channel cross-sections were narrowed due to the construction and various interventions were made to the river bed. As a result of the studies and evaluations carried out, it was concluded that in order to prevent the floods that may occur due to the Delibekirli Stream in Kırıkhan from causing loss of life and property, it was concluded that the works for the river channel should be designed based on at least 500-year flood flow (124,36 m3/s).

The mass movement towards stream beds and their accumulation there may cause flood events as a result of landslide events. In this study, Devrek Landslide, which occurred in 2015, was investigated by using a remote sensing technique. The Çomaklar stream is located at the lower elevations of this landslide region. Çomaklar stream and surrounding settlements are at risk of flooding due to the probability of preventing the water flow in the stream because of the effects of the landslide. Devrek district is located in Zonguldak in the northern part of Turkey. LANDSAT-8 satellite images between the dates 27 January 2015 and 22 July 2015 were used to investigate the location and size of the Devrek district landslide. Satellite-derived remote sensing data have been widely used in recent years to monitor changes on the earth's surface and to provide information. In this study, the Spectral Angle Difference method was used to compare the images before and after the landslide event. A change detection analysis was conducted between pre-landslide and post-landslide images to investigate the area affected by the disaster. As a result, the landslide was determined as 1050 meters in length and 110 meters in width, and the landslide area was calculated as 10.87 ha.

This study aims to determine the areas with flood risk in the micro-catchment where a university campus is located and to evaluate the situation by using multi-criteria decisionmaking method. All the spatial analyses to predict flood risk levels were carried out in the Geographical Information Systems environment. The method consists of seven variables: flow accumulation, rainfall intensity, geology, land cover/use, slope, elevation, and distance from drainage networks. Different weights were given to each variable, and these weights were calculated with the Analytical Hierarchy Process. The information covered by different variables according to their weight values was overlayered and a flood risk map was created. Consequently, Siirt University Kezer Campus has been found to be located in an area with moderate flood risk. Considering the distribution of land cover/use, the riskiest areas are areas with dense urban structure and represented with 14.02%. The areas with the least risk are forested areas, represented by 0.1%. The percentage sum of the areas with the highest and the highest flood risk in the research area is 21.62%. Additionally, it is among the results that the method is useful especially in small scale and quick response studies, and applicable especially in sub-scale planning studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of SDU Journal of Engineering Sciences & Design / Mühendislik Bilimleri ve Tasarım Dergisi is the property of Journal of Engineering Sciences & Design and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

It is necessary to investigate natural disasters as a threat to human life and take the necessary measures with the information obtained. In this study, the research area was selected as the Karabük-Gökçebey part of the Filyos stream Basin, one of the important streams of the Western Black Sea. The study aims to identify flood risk areas by Multi-Criteria Decision Making Method in the designated area. To make a flood risk map, the soil, lithology, land use, stream proximity, elevation, slope, and view characteristics of the site have been converted to a raster data format to analyze in a GIS environment. Land use characteristics were obtained from satellite images using remote sensing techniques. The analytical hierarchy process is used to determine the impact of each criterion on the flood. Thus, these characteristics in the complex relationship defined with the AHS decision-making method and the ArcMap program's flood risk map were made. In addition, the place with a significant risk area emerged as the Gokcebey settlement. Kelemen and Ince Creek, tributaries of the side stream, have also shown themselves as risky areas. Other elements that increase the risks can be displayed as filling the stream beds with alluvial material and building commercial and residential structures on the stream beds. Constructed channel, culverts, HES periodic maintenance of such systems, removal of accumulated material in the bed, a new zoning plan to be perverted from the stream bed of the new residential area planning, public institutions and institutions should jointly carry out the necessary work and share it with regular risk analyses, to gain a wooded area of forest destruction and preventing the back of the damaged area may include measures that can be taken. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The most obvious effect of global climate change on meteorological conditions is on temperature and precipitation. The negative effects of both flood and drought events are increasing day by day. While all natural disasters reveal the importance of climate change, they also bring the evaluation of meteorological events to a more important point. For this purpose, by examining the precipitation observation data in the Western Black Sea Basin, precipitation variability and possible risk areas related to this variability were defined, and risk maps were obtained as a result of regional analysis. Long term precipitation data of 13 meteorological stations in the Basin were taken into account and the variability in the observed precipitation was defined with the Intensity Variability Index (IVI) based on Intensity Entropy (IE). After the irregularities in precipitation were defined with indices, regions with high probability of precipitation were determined with index-based maps, created based on these indices. The produced entropy-based maps will be an effective tool for the planning of decision makers when faced with climate change and flood risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the flash flood potential of the Eastern Mediterranean Basin was examined by using morphometric analysis. Basin was divided into 8 main, with 775 sub-basins in total, and twelve morphometric parameters were computed for each sub-basin. Drainage density, Ro coefficient and bifurcation, texture, elongation and circulatory ratios were determined to be used in classifying sub-basins according to their flash flood potential by using principal component analysis. The sub-basins are divided into five categories in terms of their flash flood potential as very high, high, medium, low and very low. The flash flood potential categories of the sub-basins determined from the analysis were then compared with the recorded flood events for each eight main sub-basin and the reliability and applicability of the approach was thus tested. It was noted that successful results were achieved in main sub-basins with large drainage areas whereas in main sub-basins with small drainage areas, floods were generally experienced in sub-basins with low flash flood potential, and no floods occurred in sub-basins that are in high risk category according to the records. The reason for these results is thought to be due to the determination of the components evaluated using all 775 sub-basins of the Eastern Mediterranean Basin in the principal component analysis and thus the effective parameters in the small sub-basins with structural differences might have lost their effect when evaluated throughout the whole basin. To improve the results obtained from the study, it is believed that besides morphometric parameters, factors which directly affect the rainfall-runoff relationship such as vegetation cover, land use, basin geology and water use in the basin should be taken into consideration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Electronic Turkish Studies is the property of Electronic Turkish Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In recent years, as a result of the gradual deterioration of the natural balance, floods increase their severity and destructiveness and occur more frequently. One of the most important reasons for floods is the changes in the land caused by urbanization. In this study, firstly, it is aimed to find the change in urbanization with remote sensing. Then it is aimed to reveal the effect of this change in urbanization on flood risk by using geographical information systems. In the study, the change in land classes was examined by using the CORINE land use maps of Bilecik province for the years 2000 and 2018. With the addition of parameters, such as precipitation, slope, elevation and land use, and distance to rivers, which may affect the flood risk in the region, flood risk map modeling has been carried out with Multi-Criteria Decision Making Analysis. As a result of the study, the effect of the land structure change of the region on the flood risk from 2000 to 2018 has been revealed. While the area under flood risk was 12,250 ha in 2000, this area was 13,547 ha in 2018. This situation clearly reveals the negative effect of urbanization on flood risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Online Journal of Art & Design is the property of Online Journal of Art & Design and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Global warming associated with the increase of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere has become the most important environmental problem of the World since the last quarter of 20th century. Temperature increase is expected to result in changes not only in total rainfall amounts but also in extreme rainfall events, more frequent and intense flood and drought events. Under changing climate although how total rainfall amounts have changed in Turkey are extensively investigated, changes in rainfall intensities are not adequately examined. In this study, daily rainfall data recorded between 1966 and 2011 at 32 rainfall gaging stations located in 13 provinces of western Anatolia, Turkey, were supplied from the State Meteorological Service (MGM) and categorized into six classes, namely light, light-moderate, moderate-heavy, heavy, heavy-torrential and torrential. Then, for each category, spatial and monotonic temporal changes of three indices (number of rainy days, rainfall amount and the ratio of rainfall amount to total rainfall) were analyzed in seasonal and annual scales. Results showed that flood risk is more likely in northern part in summer and in southern part in other seasons. Temporal analysis showed that there is no statistically significant (at 95% level) monotonic trend for all combinations of category-index-temporal scale, except a number of decreasing trends in light rainfall. It can be concluded that there has been no statistically significant change in daily rainfall intensities over western Anatolia (Turkey) over the period 1966–2011 although average temperature has increased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Black Sea / Karadeniz is the property of Black Sea / Karadeniz and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

There is always a mutual interaction between natural environments and human activities. However, increasing demands due to rapid population growth can lead to overuse of natural environments and different problems may arise. For this reason, the concept of sustainability has been prioritized in many management and planning studies and future-oriented applications have been initiated. Watershed management and planning studies are one of the fields of study that focuses on sustainability with its wide dimension, multidisciplinary structure, legal and public situation, different models and understandings in the context of protection-use and development balance. In this study, the characteristics of natural environment conditions, interaction with human conditions, the risks and problems that may occur in the sample of Iznik Lake Basin in Marmara Region were examined in the context of basin management and planning studies. In this study, first of all, the concept of watershed management is explained in detail within the conceptual framework with different understanding models and different models. Then, geological, geomorphological, climatological, hydrographic, edophic, floristic features of Iznik Lake Basin were examined and analyzed by using Geographical Information Systems (GIS) on the basis of the study area. In addition, land use and changes of the years 1985, 2000 and 2019 were determined by satellite images. Analytical hierarchy process and predominant thrust analysis and erosion, earthquake, landslide, forest fire, flood and flood risk analyzes of the basin were performed. According to the obtained data, high risk areas and environmental problems are observed in Basin of Iznik Lake. Therefore, in the micro and larger scale watershed management-planning studies for the Basin of Iznik Lake, the necessity of the interaction of natural environment conditions with human conditions, the addition of risk data and the application of sustainable models for the future emerge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, flood simulation analysis was carried out for the natural channels in the urban area and a risk map of flood waters was formed. For this purpose, Horata channel in Malatya city center was selected as the application area where there are a total of four streams, which have the flood risk potential. The flood events observed in the past were investigated and the factors that cause it were evaluated. Flood hydrographs were obtained for 50, 100 and 500 year return periods for the Horata channel. Info-works ICM was used for flood simulation and flood analysis was performed for different recurrence periods. It was observed that stream sections were inadequate and settlement areas would be adversely affected especially for the return period of500years. As a result, flood propagation maps were created for each case and the affected areas were determined. According to the results of these analyzes, the regions where the risk of floods are high can be listed as follows, especially where the natural flow is disturbed, the section is constricted for bridging, the areas where meandering are formed, regions where the section is insufficient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Albania, one of the Balkan countries, faces various natural disasters. An annual average of 125 individuals has been affected from natural disasters in the past 20 years ve economic damage amounts to 26.673 million dollars. The most damage is caused by floods in the area. Floods which is experienced with an annual average of 0.29 % have affected 130.484 in different years ve 18 individuals dies as a result. The economic damage caused by the floods is estimated to be 197.5 million dollars. The study aims to analyze the flood risk in Albania using Geographical Information Systems (GIS). In this context, answers will be sought to answers such as "what is the dimension of flood risk in the country?", "what areas are under flood risk?", "which settlements will be affected form the flood risk the most?"how many individuals may be affected by the flood risk?" and "what needs to be done in regards to flood risk?". The study employs various scales ve factor maps obtained from different resources. Data from geology, geomorphology, slope, exposure, rainfall, distance to rivers, underground water ve soil ve landuse characteristics are connected with condition dependent weighted overlay method to define flood risk areas. Results of analysis show that 45 % of Albania carries no risk, 18.52 % has medium level risk ve 36 % is under risk. Accordingly, the most risky areas are the big cities with dense populations such as capital Tirana ve from north to south Shkoder, Burrel, Durres, Elbasan, Fier, Berat, Vlor ve Sarvee. More comprehensive studies with a multidisciplinary approach should be planned in the country that has high flood risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]