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With the financial liberalization process of the world economy, banks have tended to engage in different activities instead of just traditional lending activities. While the traditional source of income for banks is interest income, noninterest income has also emerged. Therefore, it has become very important for bank managers, regulators, investors and banks to investigate the relationship between income diversification and banking performance and risk. In this study, the effect of income diversification on bank performance and risk was analyzed using the two-stage System GMM method, using annual data and 352 observations for 22 developing countries between 2005 and 2020. In the findings obtained as a result of the analysis, it was determined that income diversification did not affect the bank performance. However, it is concluded that income diversification reduces financial strength and increases banking risk. While the increase in the economic growth rate increases the bank's performance; increases financial strength and reduces risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ekonomik Yaklaşim is the property of Ekonomik Yaklasim Dernegi (Ekonomik Yaklasim Association) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Middle Eastern Studies / Ortadoğu Etütleri is the property of Turkmen Cooperation & Cultural Foundation Center for Middle Eastern Strategic Studies (ORSAM) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Sürdürülebilir bir ekonomik büyümenin gerçekleştirilmesi gerek gelişmiş ve gerekse de gelişmekte olan ülkelerin temel hedefidir. Bu hedefin gerçekleştirilebilmesinde finansal sistem önemli bir rol üstlenmektedir. Finansal gelişme, finansal sistemin büyüklüğü ve finansal yapıdaki değişim olarak tanımlanmakta ve tasarrufları artırarak yatırımlara dönüşebilmesini sağlamaktadır. Finansal gelişmişliğin incelenmesinde kısa ve uzun dönemli süreçte finansal yapıda meydana gelen değişiklikler ön plana çıkmakta ve finansal yapıyı oluşturan bileşenlerden finansal araçlar, finansal kurumlar ve bunların çeşitliliğindeki artış önem kazanmaktadır.Finansal gelişme ile büyüme ilişkisinin yönünün belirlenmesi, ekonomik büyümeyi artırmada gerekli olan yaklaşımların ortaya çıkmasına katkıda bulunmaktadır. Literatürde iki değişken arasındaki nedensellik ilişkisine yönelik iki yaklaşımın olduğu görülmektedir. Bunlardan ilki, reel ekonomi geliştikçe yeni finansal hizmetlere olan talebin artacağını savunurken; diğer yaklaşım ise finansal sektörün gelişmesinin ekonomik büyümeyi teşvik edeceğini savunmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı ekonomik açıdan benzer olduğu düşünülen ve Türkiye, Tayland, Polonya, Romanya, Meksika, Malezya, Endonezya, Şili, Brezilya, Arjantin’den oluşan on gelişmekte olan ekonomi için 2010-2018 dönemleri arasında finansal gelişme ile ekonomik büyüme ilişkisinin incelenmesidir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda Tahmin Edilebilir En Küçük Kareler (Feasible Generalized Least Square- FGLS) yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Bu çalışmada finansal gelişmeyi temsilen; bankaların özel sektöre verdiği yurt içi krediler, özel sektör tarafından kullanılan yurt içi krediler, geniş para arzı, Tüketici fiyatları enflasyonu, devletin nihai tüketim harcamaları, gayri safi sabit sermaye oluşumu değişkenleri kullanılmıştır. Ekonomik büyümeyi temsilen Kişi Başına Gayri Safi Yurt İçi Hasıladaki yıllık yüzde büyüme değişkeni kullanılmıştır. Analiz sonucunda bağımsız değişkenlerden devletin nihai tüketim harcamaları dışındaki değişkenlerin anlamlı olduğu; geniş para arzının, özel sektörün kullandığı yurt içi kredilerin, enflasyon değişkeninin bağımlı değişkeni negatif yönde etkilediği tespit edilmiştir. Bankalar tarafından özel sektöre verilen yurt içi krediler, devletin nihai tüketim harcamaları ve gayri safi sabit sermaye oluşumu değişkenlerinin ekonomik büyümeye pozitif yönde etkisinin olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of trade liberalization and financial development on the level of poverty. For this purpose, empirical applications have been made for the New Industrializing Countries with the data covering the years 1985-2020. In the study, CADF unit root test, ECM cointegration test, CCE coefficient estimator and Dumitrescu-Hurlin (2012) panel causality tests were used. In the model, the ratios of household final consumption expenditures, loans given to the private sector by banks, exports and imports to GDP, and economic growth indicators are used. According to the results obtained, it was concluded that imports reduce poverty, but financial development, exports and economic growth affect poverty negatively. According to the panel causality results, bidirectional causality was obtained between exports and imports with poverty. Unidirectional causality was obtained from poverty to economic growth and financial development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Erciyes Akademi is the property of Erciyes Universitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Due to the thought that financial liberalization will provide economic growth for countries, countries have participated in the financial liberalization process and reduced or removed financial liabilities on capital. However, the financial liberalization process has not always benefited all countries, and the economies of some countries have become fragile. In the event that countries with increasing economic fragility experience a crisis, it has become easier for other countries to be affected by the crisis due to globalization. For this reason, in order to minimize the negative effects of financial liberalization and globalization on economies, it has been started to be thought that placing financial obligations on financial transactions will produce solutions to existing problems. Many economists have written about the financial obligations to be imposed on financial transactions, and many countries have applied taxes or different obligations in different ways to avoid crises. In this study, the purpose of the liabilities on financial transactions, the suggestions made by economists and the financial liabilities on financial transactions in Turkey and some selected countries are examined. In the conclusion part, some suggestions were made for Turkey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Aksaray University Faculty of Economics & Administrative Sciences / Aksaray Üniversitesi Iktisadi ve Idari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Aksaray University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

McKinnon (1973) and Shaw (1973) argue that financial liberalization practices in developing countries will stimulate domestic savings accumulation by raising interest rates, and the funds created will be a driving force for economic growth by financing the necessary investments. According to this hypothesis, known as the McKinnon's complementarity hypothesis in the literature, money is basically seen as a necessary tool for capital formation and the existence of a complementarity relationship between money demand and physical capital formation is emphasized. Our study, the relationship between real interest rates, demand for real money and the real physical investment by testing for Turkey investigates the validity of the hypothesis of complementarity. The study ARDL (Autoregressive Distributed Lag Bounds Test) test approach is used and Turkey Economy 2005: Q4-2019:Q4 period with quarterly data analysis is performed. In our study, unlike the relevant literature, Fourier ADF unit root test with non-linear structural break was used as well as standard unit root tests. ARDL bounds test analysis results; It indicates that there are negative and statistically significant relationships between real money demand and the ratio of investments to income and real deposit interest rate in the long run. When the short-term results are evaluated, it is seen that although there is a negative relationship between money demand variable and real deposit interest rates, there is no statistically significant relationship between real money demand and investment rate variables. In addition, while there is a positive and statistically significant relationship between the investment-to-income variable and real deposit interest rates in the long run, it is observed that this relationship is not valid in the short run. Considered together with findings obtained from the study of complementarity hypothesis in the case of Turkey the economy has reached the conclusion that partially valid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Itobiad: Journal of the Human & Social Science Researches / İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of Itobiad: Journal of the Human & Social Science Researches and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Having a well functioning system in terms of financial markets is an important indicator of the development of a country's economy. Designing a financial system that is resistant to financial crises and ensuring financial stability are indispensable policies of all countries' economies. However, it is very unlikely to be able to provide this both on a country basis and globally. The purpose of this study is to discuss the major financial crises and the effectiveness of the financial regulations applied after 1990. The effectiveness of financial regulations has a direct impact on the performance of the financial system, given the very frequent financial crises. The financial system is very important for the real economy. As a result of these implementations aimed at ensuring financial stability and competition, the level of success in preventing financial crises has been insufficient and has not been properly managed. As a result of the study, it became clear that financial regulations could be used as a kind of stabilizer during the financial crises. Financial regulations should be effectively used to stabilize excessive price fluctuations in the financial markets, thus preventing financial crises before they occur, or to minimize impacts after they have emerged

Copyright of Balkan & Near Eastern Journal of Social Sciences (BNEJSS) is the property of Balkan & Near Eastern Journal of Social Sciences (BNEJSS) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The banking sector, in the financial system, assumed importance along with financial liberalization; whereas it has been mostly influenced sector by the economic crises following 1990. One of the crucial issues of the Turkish banking sector during the financial crises involves the problem of adaptation of internal and external auditing mechanisms to the cyclical instantaneous improvements that remove the auditing mechanism from effectiveness and, in turn, leads to the deepening of the crisis. This study introduces various action proposals in order to render the Turkish banking sector’s risk management more sound and effective throughout the financial crisis periods. By courtesy of the action proposals regarding management and supervision, banks would be able to preserve the sector against the usual and unusual impacts of the crisis by maintaining integration from the bottom to the top level in risk management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Finance Letters / Maliye Finans Yazıları Dergisi is the property of Maliye Finans Yazilari Yayimcilik Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Öz Finansal sektör ve makroekonomik koşullar birbirini karşılıklı etkileyerek şekillenirler. Sağlam bir reel sektör için sağlam ve fonksiyonlarını yerine getiren bir finansal sistem şarttır. Aynı şekilde reel sektörde ortaya çıkan sorunlar ödeme güçlükleri aracılığı ile finansal sistemi zora sokabilir. Bu nedenle reel sektör ve finansal sektör birlikte birbirini şekillendirir. Makroekonomik çerçeveyi belirleyen hükümetlerin uyguladığı ekonomi politikaları iken makroekonomik ilişkilerin şekillendiği iklimi belirleyen ise yasal ve kurumsal düzenlemelerdir. Bu nedenle bu çalışmada Türkiye’de finansal sistemin en önemli unsuru olan mevduat bankalarında fon kaynak ve kullanımlarındaki yapısal değişim 1980 sonrası dönem için yapısal ve makroekonomik iklim çerçevesinde analiz edilmiştir. Abstract Financial sector and macro economic conditions are formed in a mutual interaction. For a sound real sector durable and functioning financial system is a must. Similarly problems in the real sector due to financial difficulty can cause problems for the financial system. Therefore real sector and financial sector do form each other simultaneously. While it’s the government’s economical policies that set the microeconomic framework, legal and institutional regulations set the climate that the macroeconomic relations are formed. Therefore in this study the structural change after 1980s for flow of funds in the deposit banks, that are the key element of the financial system in Turkey, will be analysed in the structural and macroeconomic climate.

2008 yılında ABD’de başlayan ve tüm ekonomileri etkisi altına alan küresel finansal kriz, finansal gelişme ve ekonomik büyüme arasındaki ilişkinin yeniden gündeme gelmesini sağlamıştır. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye ekonomisinde finansal gelişme ile ekonomik büyüme ilişkisi, 2003Q1-2015Q4 dönemine ait veriler ile Hacker ve Hatemi-J nedensellik testi kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Analiz sonuçlarına göre, çalışmada kullanılan finansal gelişme göstergeleri ve ekonomik büyüme göstergesi arasında kriz öncesi dönemde nedensellik ilişkisi bulunamazken, kriz sonrası dönemde ilgili değişkenler arasında nedensellik ilişkisi tespit edilmiştir.

Copyright of Omer Halisdemir Universitesi Iktisadi ve Idari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Omer Halisdemir University, Faculty of Economics & Admistrative Sciene and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Academic Inquiries / Akademik Incelemeler Dergisi is the property of Akademik Incelemeler Dergisi (Journal of Academic Inquiries) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

According to theory of financial liberalization that emphasizes money and physical capital complementarity, increase in real interest rate following liberalization leads to money demand and investment. Validity of this assumption, which is also known as McKinnon complementarity hypothesis, has been tested empirically for various countries undertaken financial liberalization policies. These empirical works shape the policies of countries with regard to their money demand, interest rate and investment. This study investigates the nexus between money demand, interest rate and investment size in Turkey by employing Bound test and ARDL approach over the period 1988Q1-2013Q4. Empirical analysis of this study hints that there is a limited complementary relationship between money and physical capital in Turkish economy.

Copyright of Uluslararasi Ekonomi ve Yenilik Dergisi is the property of Karadeniz Technical University, Depertmant of Economics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ankara University SBF Journal / Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi is the property of Ankara University SBF Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Financial sector and macro economic conditions are formed in a mutual interaction. For a sound real sector durable and functioning financial system is a must. Similarly problems in the real sector due to financial difficulty can cause problems for the financial system. Therefore real sector and financial sector do form each other simultaneously. While it's the government's economical policies that set the microeconomic framework, legal and institutional regulations set the climate that the macroeconomic relations are formed. Therefore in this study the structural change after 1980s for flow of funds in the deposit banks, that are the key element of the financial system in Turkey, will be analysed in the structural and macroeconomic climate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Itobiad: Journal of the Human & Social Science Researches / İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of Itobiad: Journal of the Human & Social Science Researches and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Bu çalışmada Türkiye ekonomisinde 1980’li yıllar sonrasında uygulanan finansal liberalizasyon politikalarının ekonomik büyüme oranları üzerinde yol açtığı etki, 1989.Q1-2010.Q1 dönemi kapsamında çeyrek dönemlik veriler yardımıyla belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Bu amaçla finansal liberalizasyonun de facto göstergeleri olarak tanımlanan üç farklı değişken kullanılarak finansal liberalizasyon ve ekonomik büyüme etkileşimi sınır testi ve ARDL yöntemiyle analiz edilmiştir. Finansal liberalizasyon politikalarının başarısının ülkenin finans sektörünün gelişmişliği, kurumsal kalite düzeyi, dışa açıklık ve eğitim seviyesi göre farklılaştığı dikkate alınarak bu değişkenlerin yer aldığı regresyonlar sonucu uzun ve kısa dönem katsayılar elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen analiz sonuçları finansal liberalizasyonun ve kurumsal kalite, eğitim düzeyi ve dışa açıklık değişkenlerinin incelenen zaman diliminde ekonomik büyüme oranları üzerinde pozitif yönlü etkileri olduğunu göstermektedir.

Financial crises have some common features even if they come into being in different areas and countries with different income level. Especially due to the financial liberalization and entegration of world economies, they affect many countries with a domino effect. Internationalization of capital stregthens particularly financial markets in developed countries and leads to speculative opportunities and possibilities of very high profit rates. Ambition for higher profit, from time to time, gives rise to fictitious structures, eliminating rational market behaviors. Problems of higher indebtedness and current account deficit in large economies such as the US lead to speculative bubles supported by financial derivatives, making nonproductive short term portfolio investments profitable. Before crisis, it is observed that this type of financial structures become common and real estate prices rise. And following crisis it is observed that public finance discipline deteriorate.

Copyright of Journal of Marmara University Social Sciences Institute / Öneri is the property of Marmara University, Institute of Social Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Research Journal of Politics, Economics & Management / Siyaset, Ekonomi ve Yönetim Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of Research Journal of Politics, Economics & Management and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Sociology / Sosyoloji Dergisi is the property of Istanbul Universitesi Edebiyat Fakultesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of RAST Musicology Journal / Rast Muzikoloji Dergisi is the property of RAST Musicology Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the economics literature, there is a consensus on existence of a positive correlation between increasing openness in trade and economic growth. The reduction of barriers to foreign trade will have a positive effect on the specialization, efficiency, distribution of resources, costs, level of competition, technology transfer, and welfare of consumers. On the other hand, free foreign trade may not make the same impact in the economy of each country. Initiatives and approaches on trade liberalization can be divided into two groups as global and regional. While the World Trade Organization has the leading role in the liberalization of trade in global respect, regional trade agreements stand in the forefront in regional respect. With the collapse of Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, Central Asian countries have moved toward regional and global new alternatives. Only two (Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan) of the six regional countries considered in this study, are members of the World Trade Organization. While the majority of countries in the region are hesitant on global trade liberalization due to idiosyncratic economic, political and social structures of them, almost all countries in the region willing to regional trade agreements, integration and cooperation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The boundaries that separate financial markets disappear along with financial liberalization and the national economy opens to international capital flows. Although the importance of foreign capital was highlighted in Turkey on several occasions before 1980, it is seen that the policies implemented were the major obstacles for foreign investment. In 1980, Turkey has experienced a significant change in economic policy. Priority is given to policies aimed at private sector and prioritizing increasing exports during 1980-1989 in Turkey which implemented trade liberalization policies since 1980. In this context, it is seen that financial repression policies has been relaxed with the arrangements made at various times since 1980. The applications directed to financial repression and a financial obstacle was abandoned by Decree No. 32 issued on August 11th 1989 and financial liberalization has been obtained. In this study, the financial liberalization policies in Turkish economy have been discussed in the historical process and the effect of financial liberalization policies on macroeconomic variables has been investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to examine the economic policies of certain developing country groups followed about the economic growth which is the ultimate goal of economies and to analysis the results by comparing them. The reason why the Southeast Asian and Latin American countries were taken as the model in the study is the diverse ways that they followed to provide the economic growth. Especially, in the development process of the Southeast Asian countries which is widely called "miracle", it is stated that the actual difference than the Latin American countries comes from the liberal foreign trade policies. To measure the effects of liberalization on the economic growth in both country groups, econometric analysis was conducted and the results, by means of certain variables, were compared with similar studies indicated and finally evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, McKinnon-Shaw's thesis suggesting that capital movement liberalisation would increase economic growth was analysed with the bounds testing approach developed by Peseran et al. (2001) and with two models established by using annual data of the period 1992-2011 in Turkey sample. According to the results of long term analysis, effect of financial openness on growth in both models was statistically insignificant. However, the effect of trade openness on growth is positive and significant in line with our expectations. In short-term analysis, on the other hand, coefficient of the error correction term in both models was negative and significant. Therefore, deviations in the models happening in short-term converge to equilibrium in the long-term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Hacettepe University Journal of Economics & Administrative Sciences / Hacettepe Üniversitesi Iktisadi ve Idari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Hacettepe University, Faculty of Economic & Administrative Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Competition Journal / Rekabet Dergisi is the property of Turkish Competition Authority and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Words of a language defines the plot, not just a set of symbols was established bringing together voices that speak that language reflects the tradition of oral and written elements of society, the world of concepts, should be considered as a mirror of the material and spiritual culture. In this respect, words, in terms of both culture and language is essential. Words in the language or languages have survived outside factors, lost, forgotten words have a value. These are sound in the course of the language, structure, shifts in meaning, but liberalization of society and no place in the life of the individual assets of the language did not mention the fact that although the existence of such deleted. In this study, the National Library, A 3755/20 89a-95a leaves the registry number of magazines Hikâyet-i Ashâbi'l-Kehif's promise to investigate the existence of the work. The aim is not included in the Old Anatolian Turkish texts and dictionaries, very rare Manuscripts or audio and / or format properties to identify words that we encounter for the first time, they get to the bottom of; spent to reach the historical developments of the old forms and meanings to achieve and historical Turkey Turkish to contribute to the presence of these. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Kafkas University, Journal of Economics & Administrative Sciences Faculty / Kafkas Üniversitesi Iktisadi ve Idari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of University of Kafkas, Faculty of Economics & Administrative Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this study, It is discussed whether the exchange of property from public to private sector in the natural monopolies, where the universal services are supplied, increases the economic efficiency or not. Thus, the reasons of property exchange for not increasing economic efficiency and the benefits of remaining the enterprises in the public ownership have been put forward. And it has been concluded that it would be more convenient to be done at least some part of the service delivery in terms of efficiency in the natural monopolies opened to competition, by means of state enterprises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of the Cukurova University Institute of Social Sciences is the property of Cukurova University Institute of Social Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Economics & Administrative Sciences / Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Iktisadi ve Idari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Afyon Kocatepe University, Faculty of Business Administration and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of International Journal of Economic & Social Research is the property of Abant Izzet Baysal University, Faculty of Economics & Administrative Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study examines the effects of financial liberalization practices began in 1980s on savings and investment for the period of 1980- 2010. Results of the analysis showed that, changes in private capital flows and net reserves cause changes in gross savings and also changes in gross savings cause changes in net financial flows. On the other hand, it is found that, changes in foreign direct investment cause changes in net national income; also changes in private capital flows and foreign direct investment interact each other and finally changes in net reserves cause foreign direct investment. These findings show that savings and therefore investments could not be utilized effectively unless financial liberalization practices are managed in a planned way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of the Faculty of Economics / İktisat Fakültesi Mecmuası is the property of Istanbul University, Faculty of Economics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of the Faculty of Economics / İktisat Fakültesi Mecmuası is the property of Istanbul University, Faculty of Economics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)