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Nowadays, universities, which go beyond academic activities such as teaching and research, have begun to be widely accepted as critical actors of regional development, growth and competition by taking on a third mission. Universities, which are large-scale employment providers and service recipients, make significant contributions to the development and growth of regional economies with their roles in research and development, innovations, technological developments, spatial knowledge production and dissemination, networks and collaborations. As a result of the government policy of 'at least one university in every province', as of 2008, at least one university has been established in all 81 NUTS-III regions in Türkiye. However, there are almost no studies measuring the economic impact of established universities on all regions. Using a comprehensive data set of 81 NUTS-III regions for the period 1990-2020, this article tries to examine the impact of universities in Turkey on the level of regional economic development and growth rates. Additionally, this research tries to shed light on the roles of universities in interregional convergence during the same period. The study first tests the relationship between independent variables representing the university and the level of regional development, measured as average GDP per capita, using Multiple Regression Analysis. It then analyzes the effects of universities on the regional economic growth rate (GDP growth rate) using the average annual growth rates of the independent variables over the period 1990-2020. Finally, using Quadrant Analysis, the article divides the 81 NUTS-III regions in Turkey into four different development categories and reveals how the factors representing the university differ between development categories through MANOVA-ANOVA analysis methods. The findings reveal that universities have versatile effects on the economic development, growth and convergence of regions. In other words, universities are critical tools for regions to reach a high level of development and growth performance with the demands they create in the market, the human capital they provide, the innovations they make, the new knowledge they produce and the various networks they create. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fablabs are one of the key points supporting innovation and entrepreneurship today. These centers provide young and innovative entrepreneurs with technical infrastructure, education, and collaboration opportunities, thereby enhancing their growth and success potential. Rapidly adapting to technological advancements, FabLabs facilitate the implementation of innovative projects, thereby fostering economic growth. These incentives create new job opportunities. Therefore, the positive impact of Fablabs on entrepreneurship and innovation is extremely important for economic development and is considered necessary to examine. By fostering an innovative and dynamic business environment, FabLabs contribute to the success of young entrepreneurs and small businesses. Therefore, supporting and proliferating such innovation hubs play a critical role in economic growth and sustainable development. This critical point makes the study different from other studies. This study focuses on the effects of Fablabs in the field of entrepreneurship and innovation and aims to reveal their important role in economic development. In the study, it was seen that Fablabs encourage innovation by supporting entrepreneurship and R&D activities, and provide added value to the economy by increasing the competitiveness of companies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Economics & Research (JER) is the property of Journal of Economics & Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Economic development is an important indicator demonstrating the increases in societies’ socioeconomic welfare levels. Countries need to advance in economic, social, cultural, and political domains in order to achieve economic development. From this aspect, Türkiye is far from having a developed country profile at this moment. Accordingly, the present study aims to assess Türkiye’s development issues. For this purpose, the effects of human capital, physical capital, and economic complexity index on economic growth in Türkiye are analyzed for the period 1970-2017 using the bootstrap Fourier Granger causality in quantiles (BFGC-Q) approach recently recommended by Cheng et al. (2021). The results of the analysis indicate that human capital, physical capital, and economic complexity index have a positive causal effect on economic growth. For sustainable development, Türkiye needs foreign capital investments in a stable economic model. Furthermore, it is recommended that Türkiye should pay importance to education, science, and technology at both theoretical and practical levels, and increase the value-added and technology level in exports by diversifying its high-tech product range.

Kalkınma kavramı, özellikle gelişmekte olan ülkeler için, salt ekonomik gelişmeyi içerecek şekilde daraltılamayacak kadar önemli bir kavramdır. Son yıllarda yapılan çalışmalar sürdürülebilir ekonomik gelişme için insani gelişmeye odaklanılması gerektiği sonucuna ulaşmıştır. Kalkınmayı etkileyen faktörlerin ve ilişkilerin belirlenmesi, sürdürülebilir kalkınma hedefine ulaşmak isteyen ülkelerin sorunlarına ışık tutması ve çözüm yolu önermesi açısından önem arz etmektedir. Bu çalışmada kalkınmanın iki boyutu olan ekonomik kalkınma ve insani kalkınma arasındaki ilişkiler incelenmiştir. 1990-2021 yılları arasındaki 32 yılı kapsayan çalışmanın insani kalkınmayı temsil eden bağımlı değişkeleri Yaşam Süresi (YS), Eğitim Süresi (ES) ve Cinsiyet Eşitsizliği Endeksi (CEE)’dir. Ekonomik kalkınmayı temsil eden değişken ise Kişi Başına Gayrı Safi Yurt İçi Hasıla (GSYİH)’dır. Veriler homojenlik, yatay kesit bağımlılığı, birim kök sınamalarına tabi tutulduktan sonra Westerlund Panel Eşbütünleşme Testi ile ekonomik kalkınma-insani kalkınma ilişkileri araştırılmıştır. Test sonuçlarına göre YS ile GSYİH arasındaki ilişki istatistiksel olarak anlamsız bulunurken, ES ve CEE ile GSYİH arasındaki ilişki ise %95 güven aralığında (p

Copyright of BABUR is the property of BABUR and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of İnsan ve İsan is the property of Okur Yazar Dernegi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Ekonomik gelişmenin önemli sonuçlarından biri ticaretin gelişmesi ve refah artışıdır. Refah artışının bir yansıması da insan ömrünün uzaması ve şehirleşmenin artmasıdır. Bu göstergelerin aracılığıyla toplumların ekonomik ve sosyal anlamda gelişmeleri beklenmektedir. Bu çalışmada 1991 sonrası Sovyetler Birliği’nin dağılmasıyla bağımsızlığına kavuşan Bağımsız Devletler Topluluğu ülkeleriyle birlikte bazı Baltık ülkelerinde refahın bir yansıması olarak ticarileşme, ortalama yaşam süresi ve şehirleşmenin gelir adaletsizliği üzerindeki etkisi araştırılmıştır. Çalışmada, ticarileşmeyi temsil eden ticari açıklık ve ülkelerin dünya ticaretindeki payı, refah artışını temsil eden kentleşme ve gelir eşitsizliğini temsil eden vergi öncesi gelire bağlı Gini katsayısı ve vergi sonrası gelire bağlı Gini katsayısı incelenmiştir. Tahminler için dört farklı model oluşturulmuş ve her bir model için farklı sonuçlar elde edilmiştir. Analiz sürecinde tanımlayıcı istatistikler, korelasyon matrisi, çoklu doğrusal bağlantı, yatay kesit bağımlılığı, heteroskadastisite, otokorelasyon testleri yapılmıştır. Test sonuçlarına bağlı olarak Driscoll-Kraay testi uygulanmış ve sonuçlar tahmin edilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, ticarileşmenin gelir eşitsizliğini artırıcı bir etkiye sahip olduğu, şehirleşmenin ise gelir eşitsizliğini azaltıcı bir etkiye sahip olduğu söylenebilir.

Copyright of Efil Journal of Economic Research / Efil Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of Efil Journal of Economic Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Afyon Kocatepe University Journal of Social Sciences / Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi is the property of Afyon Kocatepe University (AKU) Sosyal Bilimler Enstitusu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Chinese political and economic gains in Africa have been increasing at an alarming rate. Despite the fact that some of these have been favourable, China's presence in Africa has received considerable criticism. African states have similarly responded to this Chinese trend with most of them enjoying Chinese support ranging from economic development to political involvements. These however are mostly embraced by the so-called undemocratic states. China has a core direction on how they carry out their relations with any foreign nation. This paper aims at explaining these policies and see how effective they have been for the parties involved. The article is supported by qualitative data accessed from scholarly writings, the government publishes, articles, and also from web pages. Because the subject is broad in scope, a range of challenges was encountered relating to the authenticity of the sources. Similarly, the topic is rich in content; some parts of the coexistence of the relations shared by these two regions have been left out. Much emphasis has been directed toward economic relations without leaving out the social and political aspects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Optimum: Journal of Economics & Management Sciences / Ekonomi ve Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Optimum: Journal of Economics & Management Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of International Social Sciences Academic Researches / Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Akademik Araştırmalar Dergisi is the property of Journal of International Social Sciences Academic Researches and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Diyalektolog - Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi is the property of Diyalektolog and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Birleşmiş Milletler Kalkınma Programı (UNDP), Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma’nın (SK) sağlanmasında girişimciliği önemli bir faktör olarak tanımlamaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, sosyal bilimlerde nispeten yeni bir yöntem olan makine öğrenmesini uygulayarak ve Küresel Girişimcilik Monitörü (GEM) verilerini kullanarak Türkiye'deki girişimcilik faaliyetlerini SK açısından etkileyen faktörleri analiz etmektir. Rassal Orman model bulgularına göre çalışma durumu, başka bir girişimci tanımak, kişinin kendi bilgisi ve becerisi hakkındaki görüşü, ihtiyaç/mecburiyet ve yaş, girişimci olmak için önemli faktörlerdir. Ayrıca, hanehalkı geliri ve nüfusu, kişinin çalışma durumu, cinsiyeti, eğitim düzeyi ve anket zamanı itibariyle şirket içi girişimcilik aktivitesinde bulunması da önemli faktörler olarak tespit edilmişlerdir. Stokastik Gradyan Artırma sonuçlarına göre Türkiye’de bölgesel kalkınmanın ve koşulların bireylerin girişimci olma olasılıklarını etkilediği gözlenmiştir. Bu araştırma, Özdemir ve Karadeniz (2011) ile Karadeniz ve Özçam'ın (2018) Türkiye bağlamında bireysel girişimci kazanımlarından buldukları önceki sonuçları ilk kez makine öğrenmesi algoritmaları uygulaması aracılığıyla analiz etmekte ve genişletmektedir. Girişimcilik faaliyetleri sürdürülebilir kalkınmayı destekleyen politikalar çerçevesinde planlanmalıdır.

Bu çalışmanın amacı, toplumsal cinsiyet eşitliği ve ekonomik kalkınma ilişkisinin analiz edilmesidir. Toplumsal cinsiyet eşitliği ve ekonomik kalkınma ilişkisi, OECD üyesi 36 ülkenin 2010-2017 dönemine ilişkin yıllık verileri kullanılarak, panel veri yöntemi ile incelenmiştir. Bunun yanında 36 ülke, gelir düzeylerine göre iki gruba ayrılarak, toplumsal cinsiyet eşitliği ve ekonomik kalkınma ilişkisi her iki ülke grubu için yeniden analiz edilmiştir. OECD üyesi 36 ülkeyi kapsayan modelden elde edilen ampirik bulgular; eğitimde, işgücüne katılımda ve parlamentoda temsilde toplumsal cinsiyet eşitliği arttıkça ekonomik kalkınma düzeyinin arttığını göstermektedir. Bununla birlikte; ülkelerin iki gelir grubuna ayrıldığı modellerden bazı açıklayıcı değişkenler için farklı bulgular elde edilmiştir.

ÖZ: Dünyanın çeşitli bölgelerinde GETAT sektörünün bölge kalkınmasını sağlayacak güce (çekirdek yeteneğe) sahip olması ilgili kurumları, sektörün geliştirilmesi yönünde harekete geçirmiş ve birçok çalışma (akademik ve sektörel gelişim) başlatılmasına vesile olmuştur. Bu bağlamda, Düzce ili GETAT sektörünün uluslararası rekabetçilik gücü düzeyini ortaya çıkarmak ve bölge kalkınması açısından önemini vurgulamak bu çalışmanın temel amacını oluşturmaktadır. Sektörün geliştirilmesine yönelik temel stratejilerin ve modellerin belirlenmesi de hedeflenmektedir. Ayrıca sektörün bölgesel ekonomik kalkınmada kaldıraç etkisi yaratacak etkisi de araştırılmıştır. Araştırmanın amacı doğrultusunda nitel ve nicel araştırma yaklaşımlarına bağlı olarak, birincil ve ikincil veri toplama tekniklerine müracaat edilmiş olup, (1) yüz yüze anket, (2) yarı yapılandırılmış derinlemesine mülakat ve (3) uzman görüşü teknikleri kullanılarak veriler elde edilmiştir. Verilerinin analizi aşamasında, içerik analizi (tematik kodlama) ve betimsel analiz yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. Aynı zamanda araştırma analizleri Elmas Model çerçevesinde değerlendirilmiş ve yorumlanmıştır. Araştırma analizleri bulgularına göre; Düzce ili GETAT sektörünün uluslararası rekabetçilik gücünün düşük düzeyde olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ancak sektörün önemli bir potansiyel taşıdığı bulguları da ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Aynı zamanda GETAT sektörünün uluslararası rekabetçilik gücünü artıracak 5 farklı ana eksen çerçevesinde 29 farklı alt değişkene yönelik sektörel stratejik gelişme önerileri de ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Bu bağlamda modelde yer alan değişkenlere bağlı olarak, tüm alt değişkenlerin detaylı analizlerinin yapılıp rekabetçilik güçlerinin arttırılmasına yönelik kümelenme temelli programlar ile desteklenmesi öngörülmektedir. ABSTRACT: The fact that the traditional and complementary medicine (TCM) sector has the power (core capability) for regional development in various regions of the world has mobilized the relevant institutions for the development of the sector and led to the initiation of many studies (academic and sectoral development). In this context, revealing the international competitiveness level of the TCM sector in Düzce province is the main aim of this study. It is also aimed to identify basic strategies and models for the development of the sector. In addition, the effect of the sector that will create leverage effect on regional economic development has been investigated. In accordance with the qualitative and quantitative research approaches, primary and secondary data collection techniques were applied in order to reach the aim of the research. In this context; Data were obtained using (1) face to face questionnaire, (2) semi- structured in-depth interview and (3) expert opinion techniques. In the analysis of research data, content analysis (thematic coding) and descriptive analysis methods were used. At the same time, research analyzes were evaluated and interpreted within the framework of the Diamond Model. According to the research analysis findings; It has been determined that the international competitiveness of the TCM sector in Düzce is low. However, it was also found that the sector has a significant potential. Strategic development proposals for 29 different sub-variables have been developed within the framework of 5 different main axes that will increase the international competitiveness of the TCM sector. In this context, depending on the variables in the model, it is envisaged that detailed analysis of all sub-variables will be conducted and supported by cluster-based programs to increase their competitiveness.

Copyright of Akademik Hassasiyetler is the property of Huzeyfe Suleyman Arslan and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The opportunities and benefits created by economic growth affect the economy by increasing people's ability, creativity, and productivity. Women's employment undeniably contributes to the economic development of society. In line with this understanding, this study, using the Panel FMOLS and Panel DOLS methods, has aimed to determine the effects of the female employment indicators ("women's labor force," "women as employers," and "women's employment in service and industry sectors") on human development for each panel and E7 country (India, China, Russia, Brazil, Mexico, Indonesia, Turkey), between 1995-2019. The findings have shown that the female workforce working in the "service sector" can have a significant and positive effect on panel-basis and each-country-basis. On the other hand, it has been concluded that women's employment in the "industry sector" may harm development in some economies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Along with the current theoretical literature underlining the relationship between socio-economic development and democracy in general, the article examines the relationship between economic development and democracy on a global scale. In the article, the subject of whether economic development - increasing per capita income - is a social necessity for democracy within the framework of the modernization theory, which has an important place in comparative politics with Lipset's (1959) seminal work, is considered the availability of the data set, for 2018, 118 country data are analyzed. As a result of the analysis carried out with the Ridge regression method, economic development affects democracy significantly and positively. This finding, in addition to supporting the Lipset hypothesis, shows that certain structural conditions are conducive to stable democracy. On the other hand, political stability, government efficiency, and industry (value-added) variables affect democracy positively; it has been determined that military expenditures, exports of goods and services, urbanization, and natural resource revenues affect democracy negatively and the reasons for the findings are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of agricultural policies is to meet the food demand that the society needs. While supports and incentives for agricultural production increase production, they can have negative consequences on climate change. In parallel with the increase in agricultural production and climate change in the world, there has been a serious increase in both food waste and obese numbers recently. While the overproduction effort of agricultural products creates pressure on the environment, it causes obesity and overweight problems. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), Turkey is at the forefront among the countries where there are obese and overweight people. In the 11th Development Plan in Turkey, in 2018 the prevalence of obesity is 30% (for ages 15 and over) in 2023 is targeted to be reduced to 29.1. The aim of this research is to draw attention to the relationship between climate change and obesity and to address the issue within the framework of the 11th Development Plan. Obesity issues for Turkey; since it is important in terms of food security, climate change and agricultural policies, it is necessary to develop political guidance and protection measures in terms of health, economy, education, environment and national security.

ABD’den sınırı geçip Meksika’ya ulaştığımızda ekonomik refahta karşılaştığımız uçurumu nasıl açıklayabiliriz? Smith’in iktisadi kuramından günümüze neler değişmiştir? Uzun dönemde ekonomik istikrarın mı yoksa toplumsal değişimin mi ekonomik kalkınmada daha etken bir rol oynadığı, refah toplumuna ulaşıp insani gelişme sağlama noktasında hangi politika seçiminin başarı sağlayacağını kestirmek zor bir süreci barındırmaktadır. Büyüme, kalkınma ve bölüşüm ilişkileri gerek gelişmiş gerekse de gelişmekte olan ülkelerin sosyal politika meselelerindendir. 2000 yılında Birleşmiş Milletlerin 189 ülkesi, BM Devlet ve Hükümet Başkanları Zirvesi (Binyıl Zirvesi - Millennium Summit), 2015 yılına kadar başarılması gereken 8 kalkınma hedefi içinde, kalkınma için küresel bir ortaklığın geliştirilmesini gerekli görmüştür. Çalışmamızda vergi yükü kadar insani gelişme endeksinin de dikkate alınması gerektiği, iktisat biliminin “insan” için var olduğu gerçeği amaçlanmıştır. Bunun için de karşılaştırmalı analiz yöntemi ile “refah” algısının gelişmekte olan ülkelerdeki yansıması değerlendirilmiştir.

In this study, the effect of globalization, economic development and the size of the public sector in the economy on the level of democratization for the Newly Industrialized Countries (Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Mexico, Philippines, South Africa, Thailand, Turkey) was tested with panel data analysis method using the 2003-2017 period annual data. Freedom House Index, KOF Index, per capita national income and share of the public sector total final consumption expenditures in the gross domestic product were used as variables. The stationarity of the series was tested with the CIPS panel unit root test, one of the second generation unit root tests, developed by Pesaran (2007). In addition, the Driscoll-Kraay Model Estimation approach was used in the study and the causality relationship was estimated by Dumitrescu and Hurlin (2012) test. According to panel data analysis results, it has been determined that globalization has a negative effect, whereas the size of the public sector in the economy and economic development has a positive effect above the level of democratization. It has also been concluded that there is a one-way causality relationship from economic development to the size of the public sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is stated by various thinkers and researchers, especially in the last 20-30 years, that there are institutional factors among many factors that affect the economic development process of countries. In this study, the impact of institutional factors on development is empirically analysed for the East Asian countries. For this purpose the relationship in question is investigated with Dumitrescu and Hurlin panel causality tests for the period 1998-2016 in nine selected East Asian countries. As a result of the analysis made by creating six separate models; a bidirectional causality relationship is found between GDP per capita growth and education index, education index and economic freedom index, GDP per capita growth rate and trade freedom index, and education index and trade freedom index. One-way causality relationship from GDP per capita growth rate to economic freedom. It can be said that rational policies created by giving importance to institutional factors in selected East Asian countries have a positive effect on the economic development of these countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Aksaray University Faculty of Economics & Administrative Sciences / Aksaray Üniversitesi Iktisadi ve Idari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Aksaray University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Istanbul Commerce University Journal of Social Sciences / İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi is the property of Istanbul Commerce University Journal of Social Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Economic vulnerabilities have a significant affect on the economic growth and development process of especially developing countries. These countries are at a disadvantage compared to developed countries in the face of internal and external shocks. Among developing countries, countries that have institutions and policies are relatively less affected from vulnerabilities. In this study, based on the effects of economic economic vulnerabilities on country economies; the effects of the economic vulnerability index on economic development were tested using panel data methods (Common Correlated Estimators). The findings of DCCE-GMM estimator show that as economic vulnerabilities increases in selected emerging market economies, economic development will decrease. Accordingly, a 1% increase in the economic vulnerability index reduces the human development index by 0.04%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Itobiad: Journal of the Human & Social Science Researches / İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of Itobiad: Journal of the Human & Social Science Researches and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Ekonomi yazınında büyüme ve kalkınma kavramları benzer birer kavramlarmış gibi düşünülmektedir. Oysa kalkınma kavramı, reel gelirde yaşanan artışlarla beraber, toplumsal yapıda meydana gelen bir değişim ve dönüşüm süreci biçiminde tanımlanmaktadır. Nitekim kalkınma süreci, büyümeyi de kapsayan ve elde edilen büyümeden daha kapsamlı bir kavram olarak ifade edilebilir. Ekonomilerin arzulanan gelişmişlik seviyesine erişmelerinde iktisadi bakımdan kalkınmaları büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bunun gerçekleşebilmesi için de o toplumun bilgi ve teknoloji üretmesi ve elde edilen bu kazanımları da en iyi biçimde kullanması kaçınılmaz bir zorunluluktur. Bilgiyi üretebilmek içinde eğitim seviyesi yüksek ve sağlıklı bireylere gereksinim duyulmaktadır. Çalışmanın özünü oluşturan beşeri sermaye kavramı; klasik üretim faktörlerinin başında gelen ve üretim sürecine somut katkılar sağlayan emeğin, süreç içerisinde edindiği bilgi, yetenek ve deneyim gibi birikimlerinden meydana gelmektedir. Aynı zamanda tüm söz konusu bu unsurlar üretim sürecini kolaylaştırarak, üretim artışlarına yol açacak yeni teknolojik uygulamaların bulunup, etkin bir şekilde kullanılmaları ile ekonomik büyüme sürecine de katkı sağlamaktadırlar. Çalışmada; ekonomik kalkınmanın sağlanabilmesinde, tek faktör olarak yalnızca fiziki sermayenin kâfi gelemeyeceği düşüncesiyle, kalkınma ve çeşitli beşeri sermaye göstergeleri arasındaki ilişkinin ortaya konularak oluşan etkileşimin, Türkiye ekonomisi özelinde bir değerlendirmesi yapılmaktadır.

Turizm gelişmiş ülkeler için ekonomik büyümenin gelişmekte olan ülkeler için ise ekonomik kalkınmanın önemli araçlarından biri olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Son yıllarda, çevreye ve yerel kültürlere daha duyarlı hale gelen turizm tüketicisinin tüketim tercihlerinin değişmesiyle daha fazla gündeme gelen alternatif turizm, kalkınmada geri kalmış yörelerin turizm potansiyellerini harekete geçirerek, geri kalmışlığın sebep olduğu sosyo-ekonomik sorunların çözümünde de önemli bir politika aracı haline gelmiştir. Çalışmada nicel araştırma yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Veri toplama yöntemi olarak anket tekniği tercih edilmiştir. Araştırma Konya iline bağlı Beyşehir yöresinin alternatif turizm potansiyelini incelemeyi ve mevcut potansiyelin bölgesel kalkınmaya etkisini ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Araştırmada daha önce yapılmış çalışmaların ölçekleri geliştirilerek anket formu oluşturulmuş, 192’si yerli halk, 219’u yerli ziyaretçi olmak üzere toplam 411 kişiye birebir uygulanmıştır. Anket yoluyla elde edilen verilerin analizinde IBM SPSS 21.0 paket programından yararlanılarak yüzde, frekans, Ki-Kare, varyans analizi, t testi istatistik yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, bölge halkının ve yerli ziyaretçilerin yörenin alternatif turizm potansiyeli hakkında yeterli bilgiye sahip olmadıkları tespit edilmiş. Turizm sektörüne gerekli yatırımlar yapıldığı takdirde turizmin Beyşehir yöresinin kalkınmasında etkili bir sektör olabileceği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

The concept of social capital, which is extremely important for economic development; emphasizes the relationships between individuals in society. In this context, social capital; It emerges as a concept that collects people on a common ground in the axis of social norms such as tradition, attitude and attitude, and creates a network through social networks, and creates social benefit on the basis of trust. The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between social capital and development, which has been of great interest by social scientists in recent years. For this purpose, the relationship between social capital and development was analyzed using the Structural Equation Modeling method, which is one of the multivariate statistical methods for 129 countries whose data can be accessed. According to the goodness of fit values of the 1st Level Multi-Factor Model examined, it is seen that the research model fits the data. Thus, it is seen that the variance and covariances related to the variables observed by the model in the study are explained quite well. As a result, it can be mentioned that there is a directly proportional relationship between economic development and social capital. In this sense, the causality relationship between social capital and economic development has been tested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fact that the traditional and complementary medicine (TCM) sector has the power (core capability) for regional development in various regions of the world has mobilized the relevant institutions for the development of the sector and led to the initiation of many studies (academic and sectoral development). In this context, revealing the international competitiveness level of the TCM sector in Düzce province is the main aim of this study. It is also aimed to identify basic strategies and models for the development of the sector. In addition, the effect of the sector that will create leverage effect on regional economic development has been investigated. In accordance with the qualitative and quantitative research approaches, primary and secondary data collection techniques were applied in order to reach the aim of the research. In this context; Data were obtained using (1) face to face questionnaire, (2) semi structured in-depth interview and (3) expert opinion techniques. In the analysis of research data, content analysis (thematic coding) and descriptive analysis methods were used. At the same time, research analyzes were evaluated and interpreted within the framework of the Diamond Model. According to the research analysis findings; It has been determined that the international competitiveness of the TCM sector in Düzce is low. However, it was also found that the sector has a significant potential. Strategic development proposals for 29 different sub-variables have been developed within the framework of 5 different main axes that will increase the international competitiveness of the TCM sector. In this context, depending on the variables in the model, it is envisaged that detailed analysis of all sub-variables will be conducted and supported by cluster-based programs to increase their competitiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of International Social Research is the property of Journal of International Social Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Economics Business & Finance Research / Ekonomi İşletme ve Maliye Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of Irfan Ersin and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Management & Economics Research is the property of Journal of Management & Economics Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the historical process, the relationship between democracy and economic development has been of interest to both political scientists and economists. Although most of the studies were conducted in the direction of democracy providing economic development, the consensus is that economic development provides democracy. In this sense, it can be said that economic development has a positive effect on democracy by supporting Lipset, which supports reconciliation and expresses the relationship between democracy and development as "the richer a country is, the more democratic it is". The aim of this study, which is based on Lipset's hypothesis that supports reconciliation, is to investigate the impact of economic development on democracy. In the study, dynamic panel data analysis was made with data from the 2001-2016 period for 24 emerging market economies. In the analysis, it is concluded that economic development has a positive but weak effect on democracy and this effect will only occur in the long term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the Unbalanced Growth Theory of Hirschman, which is one of the economic development models, while the sectors with high inter-sectoral relations are important, the sectors in which dependence of production on imports is low are valued in the export-based industrialization model, and in addition to economic development, environmental protection is targeted for sustainable development. The global trade chain that has been broken due to the COVID-19 confronts us with the fact that there is no single reality. The study is based on Giddens effort to create a crossroad to determine which model should be applied to achieve economic development in the post-pandemic period. In this context; by making Input-output analysis, coefficients of total forward linkages, import dependency coefficients of the sectors' production and environmental- energy emission coefficients per unit are calculated. The data the most recently published by WIOD was used. Through the obtained coefficients, the key sectors of Hirschman and Rasmussen are determined, the key sectors are ranked from the sector with the lowest dependence on imports to the sector with the highest and are matched, the similarity of the production chain between periods with the Leontief similarity analysis and Mann Whitney-U test are determined with environmental-energy use emissions per unit. In the post-pandemic period, the sectors in crossroad which will be created for economic development in Turkey will also be the key to economic development. These sectors; manufacture of textiles, wearing apparel and leather products, manufacture of paper and paper products, manufacture of chemicals and chemical products, manufacture of computer and electronic and optical products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of International Social Research is the property of Journal of International Social Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

It is known that science and innovation are the main factors of growth and economic development. Digital and mobile ecosystems are the main factors that play a role in increasing the level of economic development and welfare. This study primarily focuses on digital development and information society processes, which are the main information and communication technologies (ICT) variables, as well as examining the historical structure of economic development. It emphasizes the "the Atlas of Economic Complexity", "Economic Complexity Index (ECI)" as more current, systematic and complex approaches. The impact of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) on macroeconomic development indicators in the world and Turkey is also examined. As a result, this study demonstrates the impact of ICT infrastructure investments of economies across the country and its contribution to the ability to assess the infrastructure of the country through sectoral ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of OPUS - International Journal of Society Researches is the property of OPUS - International Journal of Society Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Itobiad: Journal of the Human & Social Science Researches / İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of Itobiad: Journal of the Human & Social Science Researches and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Optimum: Journal of Economics & Management Sciences / Ekonomi ve Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Optimum: Journal of Economics & Management Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Çalışmada, Dünya enerji tüketiminde büyük bir ağırlığı olan petrolün ekonomik kalkınma açısından önemi değerlendirilmiştir. Özellikle petrol ithalatçısı ülkeler açısından büyük önem taşıyan bu fosil kaynak en eski enerji kaynaklarından birisidir. Günümüzde tükenme endişelerinin sıkça dile getirilmeye başlandığı petrolün ekonomik kalkınma açısından öneminin değerlendirilmesi için çalışma da Dünya enerji piyasası içerisinde petrolün rolü çeşitli grafikler ve tablolar eşliğinde incelenmiştir. Ayrıca ekonomik kalkınmanın temel girdilerinden biri olarak kabul edilen petrolün fiyatındaki gelişmelerde çeşitli veriler ile birlikte değerlendirilerek ekonomik kalkınmanın maliyetinde oluşabilecek değişiklikler irdelenmiştir. Son dönemde özellikle gelişmekte olan ülkelerdeki petrol tüketimindeki artış ve petrol fiyatlarındaki aşırı yükseliş değerlendirildiğinde, ekonomik kalkınmanın maliyetinin her geçen gün arttığı ve önümüzdeki dönemde de artacağı öngörülmektedir. Çeşitli pencerelerden durum değerlendirildiğinde, petrol günümüzde ekonomik kalkınmanın vazgeçilmez girdilerinden birisidir ve bu konumunu önümüzdeki dönemde de koruması beklenmektedir.

Copyright of Sakarya Journal of Economics / Sakarya Iktisat Dergisi is the property of Sakarya Journal of Economics / Sakarya Iktisat Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)