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Background: The aim of this study is to determine the effectiveness of the LEEP (Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure) procedure in the preoperative evaluation of cervical involvement in endometrial cancer and to evaluate its contribution to the planning of the surgical procedure. Materials and Methods: 75 patients who were examined prospectively and whose histopathological results were compatible with endometrial cancer were divided into two groups to undergo endocervical curettage and LEEP. All patients underwent simple hysterectomy/radical hysterectomy and a surgical staging procedure including pelvic, para-aortic lymph node sampling, omentectomy, and cytology collection. Staging was done according to the FIGO 2009 surgical staging system. The aim was to determine the accuracy rates, sensitivity and specificity in determining cervical involvement by comparing the histopathological findings obtained from the preoperative ECC (Endecervical Curettage) and LEEP procedures of the patients with the operation pathologies. Results: When the pathology results of endocervical curettage samples were compared with the operation pathologies, it was determined that it was statistically significant, but the accuracy rate was 58.7%. When the samples taken from the patients who underwent the LoopElectrosurgicalExcision procedure were compared with the surgical pathologies, it was found to be statistically significant and the accuracy rate was found to be 93.5% (p = 0.037). Conclusions: Determining cervical involvement with the LEEP procedure is superior to the frequently applied endocervical curettage in terms of specificity, positive predictivity and accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine and metabolic disorder in women of reproductive age. Obesity, dyslipidemia, impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes are important clinical problems in patients with PCOS. Furthermore, PCOS is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and endometrial cancer in the long term. Although a number of genetic and environmental factors have been reported in the development, the underlying pathophysiological mechanism remains unclear. In PCOS, which has an active field of research in gynecology, the lack of consensus on the diagnostic criteria leads to be published of contradictory publications on such a frequent systemic disorder. For this reason, it is very important to reveal the exact pathogenesis of the disease with animal models. The purpose of this review is to summarize the experimental models used to induce PCOS. It has been observed that classical polycystic ovarian morphology can be formed in these ovaries by experimental methods and many hormonal imbalances observed in PCOS were noticed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To compare endometrial biopsy results in patients with postmenopausal bleeding or menometrorrhagia. Material and Methods: A retrospective analysis of endometrial biopsies conducted by a single physician for diagnostic purposes in symptomatic patients at Yozgat Sorgun State Hospital between January 2015 and June 2016 was performed. Results: The results of 128 patients were evaluated. The mean age of 14 menopausal patients and 114 premenopausal women were 56.6±9.3 and 44.0±6.7, respectively. The endometrial thickness was statistically significantly thicker in premenopausal than postmenopausal patients. The most common pathologies in symptomatic premenopausal women were endometrial polyp and endometrial atrophy. In postmenopausal patients, normal pathologic result, endometrial polyp, cervical polyp was observed equally. Endometrium cancer has not been detected in any case. Conclusions: The menstrual cycle normally lasts for 28±7 days. Vaginal bleeding occurs approximately 2-6 days. The amount of bleeding is circa 20-60 ml. Any deviation from these values is called menstrual disorders. Menometrorrhagia defines intermenstrual bleeding together with bleeding more than 80 ml per day and longer than six days with irregular intermittent characteristics. Menometrorrhagia can be a symptom of many different spectrum of diseases. These diseases may also change with aging. In particular, endometrium cancer may occur with this symptom. Menorrhagia can also be seen in cases such as endometrial polyps, endometrial hyperplasia, endometrial atrophy, endometritis, submucous myomas, adenomyosis, ovarian cysts andhemostasis diseases. Postmenopausal vaginal bleeding occurs after the ceasing of menstruation for one year. Endometrial atrophy, endometrial polyp, endometrium cancer, hormone replacement therapy, endometrial hyperplasia, other genital cancers may be the causes of postmenopausal bleeding. It is interesting that no case of cancer has been detected in our study. However, pathologies such as endometrial polyps, endometrial hyperplasia, and cervical polyps were detected and treated at the same time. Endometrial biopsy in symptomatic pre- and postmenopausal patients is effective not only in cancer diagnosis but also in the diagnosis and treatment of benign conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between histopathologic results and sonographic data in cases of endometrial sampling. Methods: The results of patients who underwent endometrial sampling between January 2015 and January 2017 at the Düzce University Medical Faculty Hospital were examined retrospectively from the hospital computer system and patient files. Patients were classified as premenopausal and postmenopausal groups according to the results of the patient groups were compared statistically. Results: Based on clasified, 231 of patients were premenopausal and 202 were postmenopausal. The mean endometrial thickness of premenopausal patients was 10.42 ± 6.75 (mm, mean ± SD), whereas the mean endometrial thickness of postmenopausal patients was 10.01 ± 7.26 (mm, mean ± SD). Premalign lesions were observed in similar proportions in both groups (p=0.87, p=0.54). Ten patients detected with malignancy, all of them were postmenopause and had bledding. Endometrial thickness cut-off value for malignancy was found 8.5 mm by ROC analysis. In premenopausal group, endometrial polyp was observed in 22.1% (n = 51) and 16.3% (n = 33) in postmenopausal period (p = 0.014). The histopathology results of 8 patients using tamoxifen were 75% (n = 6) benign, 12.5% (n = 1) premalign and 12.5% (n = 1) malignant. Conclusion: Endometrial sampling in postmenopausal symptomatic patients is crutial in terms of malignancy exclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To investigate whether endometrial polyps are associated with obesity and incidence of diabetes mellitus or hypertension in women who admitted with abnormal uterin bleeding in reproductive ages. Material and Method: We included 557 patients who had endometrial sampling due to the abnormal uterine bleeding. Patients with postmenopausal bleeding, endometrial hyperplasia or cancer and concomitant uterine pathology were excluded (n=117). Finally, endometrial polyp group consisted of 120 patients and control group consisted of 320 patients. Results: Mean body mass index was statistically significantly higher in endometrial polyp group (30.1±2.94) compared to control group (28.2±1.92; p <0.001). The incidence of diabetes mellitus and hypertension was higher in endometrial group (8.33% and 6.67%) compared to control group (3.44% and 2.19%). The differences were also statistically significant (p = 0.031 and p = 0.021). Conclusion: The results of our study reveal that, endometrial polyps are associated with higher body mass index and the presence of diabetes mellitus or hypertension. Not only in postmenopausal period or in cases of endometrial cancer; obesity, diabetes mellitus and hypertension may play a role in the etiopathogenesis of endometrial polyps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The incidence of endometrial polyp is 16-34% within the whole population nonetheless increases after menopause. The incidence of cancer involvement through the endometrial polyp is 0.8-4.8%. Material and Methods: Study is designed as a retrospective descriptive study. Medical records of the patients which were diagnosed to have endometrial polyp within January 2009-January 2012 were reviewed. The patients which were diagnosed to have malignancy based on endometrial polyp were included. Results: 325 patients were obtained to have endometrial polyp, and 11 of them (3.4%) were found to be appropriate for study. 140 patients (59%) were postmenopausal and 285 patients (41%) were premenopausal 67 (43%) of the postmenopausal patients had endometrial sampling due to thickened endometrium (10mm) although they were asymptomatic. 73 (57%) of the postmenopausal patients were symptomatic. Six of this postmenopausal patients (4.2%) had malignancy based on the endometrial polyp, all of this patients were in symptomatic group. 192 of the 325 patients (59%) were symptomatic and 10 of this patients (5.2%) had malignancy based on endometrial polyp. Only one patient was asymptomatic. Histopathologic type was endometrioid and except one patient who has stage 1B disease, all patients have stage 1A disease. Two patients' carcinoma were limited to the polyp, endometrial tissue had no sign of malignancy. Conclusion: We conclude that endometrial biopsy should be performed at the patients known to have endometrial polyp after menopause and symptomatic patient, regardless the menopausal status. Even though malign endometrial polyps are diagnosed at early stages, with the advanced age grade of the tumor increases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]