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The article presents a comprehensive and versatile view of Azerbaijan's transport and logistics system. As a result of the war, after the Karabakh lands were taken back from the thirty-year occupation, Zangezur, the ancient land of Azerbaijan, has also come to the fore to act as a corridor for the railways and highways of the region in the future. Special attention was paid to several points in the study. The first of these is the historical development of the transport and logistics system of the Republic of Azerbaijan. In the article, brief information was given about the status of the relevant system in the Soviet Era. The main focus of the research is the current state of the country's transport system and the development trends in the Nakhchivan region. In this respect, the general and economic information of the independence period and their processing have a special importance. The design, construction and commissioning of the Zangazur Corridor in terms of both railway and highway requirements reflects the long-term development of the subject. The aim of the study is to clarify the current situation, role, and importance at the international level of the transport and logistics system in the Republic of Azerbaijan, and the status of improvements and transformations in this field. The research was carried out by applying grouping, comparative analysis and other related methods on the data obtained from the State Statistics Institute of the Republic of Azerbaijan. The findings obtained as a result of the research, Zangezur Corridor will contribute to the restructuring of the transport logistics system not only in Azerbaijan, but also in the whole region, especially in Iran, Turkey and Russia, and will create an opportunity for the economic and social development of the entire region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Efil Journal of Economic Research / Efil Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of Efil Journal of Economic Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Marmara University Social Sciences Institute / Öneri is the property of Marmara University, Institute of Social Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

SARS-Cov-2 / Covid-19, which entered our lives in the last months of 2019 in Wuhan, China, is an epidemic that can be contagious and can result in death. As of the end of April 2021, the Covid-19 pandemic, which has seen more than 143 million confirmed Covid-19 cases in total and caused more than 3 million people to die, has affected the whole world. "Covid-19 Pandemic" affects and even threatens social life and economic processes as well as health. It is of great importance to seek solutions and to maintain an effective struggle in order to protect against the epidemic and its effects, to combat the epidemic and to prevent damage to social life and economic opportunities due to the epidemic. Although the Covid-19 Pandemic has impacts in almost every field, this study deals with social and economic impacts. In this context, this study, the socio-economic outcomes of the pandemic process cause changes in social life, how and in what direction it affects, and an assessment is made on the effective solutions that smart city applications have produced in combating the Covid-19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Sociology / Sosyoloji Dergisi is the property of Istanbul Universitesi Edebiyat Fakultesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Black Sea / Karadeniz is the property of Black Sea / Karadeniz and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In a globalizing world, commercial and financial openness has increased its economic importance especially in the last half century. Commercial freedom allows countries to increase their international competitiveness and to have the technology they need. Financial openness provides economic opportunities to the economies of the country by regulating and developing financial markets and meeting the required foreign exchange needs. In this study, the effect of trade and financial deficit on economic growth in low, loer middle, upper middle and high income countries is analyzed. In the study, which used dynamic panel data method and analyzed the period between 1996- 2017, trade openness has a positive effect on economic growth in low, lower middle, upper middle and high income countries. Financial deficit positively affects economic growth in low and high income countries, while it affects negatively in lower middle and upper middle income countries [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Economic opportunities presented by large rivers, streams and lakes in vast steppes of Central Asia required rafts for shipment. The manufacturing of raft used by the Turkic peoples, who inhabited this region, consisted of the following: firstly sacks are prepared from animal skin, on which joists were laid on both right and left sides; over them thin pieces of wood were placed in gridiron form, and they are tightly fastened on the animal skin. This technique of construction of rafts has been transmitted among Turks for generations as a cultural object and these rafts became the most frequently used transportation vehicle on lakes and rivers. Therefore, raft became a commonly used vehicle by Turks in this territory. Although researchers argue that first water transportation vehicles were invented by Northern Sea tribes and Egyptians, Turks are also among the first boat makers. In this context, the merchants and envoys visiting Turkic geographies wrote about various types of boats and their usage. Raft has been developed by Turks as an art of handicraft to be used in bigger rivers for economic and political purposes and different types like boats without deck, wooden boats and small crafts were invented under different names, such as "bat" and "barka". The cultural value of the art of raft was not only found in written texts, but it is also described in tales, proverbs, poems, folk songs and epic poems, especially in the Old Turkic inscriptions. Turks applied a unique method in building two-winged ships known as "uchan", "târ", big "kemi" or "gemi". Consequently, Turks crossed over the rivers and lakes of Central Asia making them hegemonic nation of great steppes. The information about the construction of raft can be found in memoirs of travelers, in oral sources of folk literature and also among the Kyrgyz living along the Kyzyl-Suu River in Chon-Alai district in Kyrgyzstan and in Jerge-Tal district in Tajikistan as a handcraft transmitted, used and safeguarded. The knowledge and ability of building raft has been transmitted from generation to generation in this region and it kept its pure and authentic form. Thus, the transmission of traditional art of raft from generation to generation, which still can be found among the Kyrgyz and other Turkic peoples in the region, is a cultural heritage not to be ignored. Additionally, these information and artifacts should be evaluated and safeguarded as part of the intangible cultural heritage, because due to globalization, this element of cultural heritage is gradually losing its unique characteristics. Consequently, while the data about the art of raft, boat and ship building of Turks is presented in this study, it is concluded that the value of this heritage is related to its traces from previous forms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Gumushane Universty Electronic Journal of the Faculty of Communication / Gümüshane Üniversitesi Iletisim Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi is the property of Gumushane Universitesi Iletisim Fakultesi Elektronik Dergisi (e-GIFDER) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Inter-state power relations were shaped by different dynamics witnessed a considerable change after the Cold War process of which military instruments were on the agenda. Notably, exploration of energy resources and transportation of the resources in question via significant routes on optimum level has been one of the underlying factors determining the impulse capacity of states. Thus, besides making reference to geopolitics so as to analyze state behaviors, it probably could be referred to a prevailing geoeconomic process affecting international relations that prioritizes economic factors and utilize them as power instruments, recently. In this paper, it is indicated that just after the exploration of hydrocarbons, geoeconomic perspective has been efficient along with geopolitics in the Arctic and Eastern Mediterranean. Within the paper, document analysis as a method scrutinizing national strategy documents of the Arctic states and assessment on energy potential pertaining to the region besides documents on energy potential of the Eastern Mediterranean and bilateral agreements has been utilized. In the light of geoeconomic perspective it is asserted that owing to economic opportunities existing in both regions a cooperative process which mutual gains/interests are prioritized among actors could be referred besides hard competition caused by power politics. In this context, right along with confrontation and conflict among states, it is argued that there may be cooperation as well. Consequently, although the impact of geopolitical competition among the actors is undeniable, the geoeconomic approach which includes the possibility of interstate cooperation, is also claimed to be effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Nigde University Journal of Physical Education & Sport Sciences / Nigde Üniversitesi Beden Egitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Journal of Physical Education & Sports Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Electronic Turkish Studies is the property of Electronic Turkish Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Global Journal of Economics & Business Studies is the property of Gumushane University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Erciyes Universitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi is the property of Erciyes Universitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In spite of the efforts for development of solidarity and cooperation among Islamic countries through many years, desired level has not been reached yet. Necessary physical and cultural conditions exist for the economical growth and increase in prosperity for the Islamic countries as a community. However the existing level of economic and commercial cooperation among Islamic countries shows that they are far from utilizing the potential they have. In recent years, after the realization of the attracting force of the Islamic countries, a convergence was achieved between the Islamic countries up to an extent. With the effect of this convergence, it is observed that mutual trade have a slightly progressive course. In this study, the opportunities for development of cooperation among Islamic countries and the obstacles to this cooperation were emphasized and suggestions related with the development of economic and commercial relations were brought forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pursuit of economic opportunity has frequently put transnational companies in the spotlight recently. A substantial part of international trade consists of intra firm sales, or commercial transactions between units of the same business corporation, within or beyond the national borders of the parent company. This structure, known as transfer pricing and viewed as a legitimate business opportunity by international companies, it is usually used to abuse in order to minimize taxes and become the instrument of tax evasion. This situation has recently led governments to take more rigorous measures than ever before to protect national financial interests. However, while the technical aspect of transfer pricing practices is now carefully observed, the particular issues caused by transfer pricing have been neglected. Unethical transfer pricing behavior consumes scarce resources and causes costs but does not create value. In this paper, first ethic of transfer pricing is examined and then, unethical transfer pricing practices and the results of unethical transfer pricing are discussed. This study conclude that, even if transfer pricing is legal, not ethical. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Academic Review of Economics & Administrative Sciences is the property of Academic Review of Economics & Administrative Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A descriptive study on organizational commitment and job leave intentions of academic administrative personnel in Gülhane Military Medical Academy The strength of organizational commitment among the personnel is an important factor for both organizational change and development, and personnel motivation and job saticfaction. In this descriptive study it was aimed to assess of the opinions of academic administrative personnel working in Gülhane Military Medical Academy (GMMA) about organizational commitment and job leave intention, and to detect whether these opinions differ according to some variables. In the study, 79.8% of academic administrators working in GMMA were reached. On the basis of the results of the study, level of organizational commitment of administrators was high, whereas the level of job leave intention was low. Opinions of the subjects about organizational commitment did not differ according to position (χ2=0.547, p=0.761), age (χ2=2.552, p=0.279), working unit (χ2=6.988, p=0.222) and duration of working in GMMA (χ2=3.107, p=0.211). However, the probability of job leave intention of professors was higher than those of associate professors and assistant professors. Additionally, associate professors did not have any intention to leave the organization if the economic opportunities were improved, and 33.3% of assistant professors and associate professors were likely to leave the organization if they would find an alternative job. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Economic freedom and democracy, by determining institutional structure, affect economic performance. According to predominant view in the economic literature, economic freedom contributes positively to economic performance. However, the nexus between democracy and economic performance is disputed. In this study, by using the time series data of 1970-2005 for Turkey, we found positive relationship between economic freedom and economic performance, while we could not reach a definite verdict in regarding to impacts of democracy on economic performance since we found both negative and positive relation depending on the model used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]