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In this study, it is aimed to estimate the monthly export values of broad economic categories belonging to Turkey's foreign trade. Broad economic categories discussed in the study: Investment goods, raw materials and consumer goods. Relevant monthly export values are estimated by artificial neural networks method, which is an artificial intelligence technique. Artificial neural network method analyzes were carried out using the MATLAB 2013 package program. The data used in the study were taken from the web pages of the Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey. According to the results obtained, the artificial neural network models established to predict the export values of three different large economic groups made the most successful estimation in the estimation of the export value of consumer goods. Although the artificial neural network models established for the estimation of the export value of raw materials and the export value of investment goods show close estimation performances, the model established for the estimation of the export value of investment goods has been more successful. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Personification, an approach which is being used from the first examples of advertising design until today, is based on anthropomorphism, the approach of attributing human motivations, intentions, emotions and characteristics to non-human beings. As advertising has gone from page to screen and even beyond the screen, the efforts of brands to get closer to the consumer have increased. In advertising designs in print and digital media, personification is used extensively to facilitate communication with the consumer, which is one of the main purposes of advertising. The personification approach tries to surprise the consumer and more importantly, to communicate by creating unique characters and images. In addition, the purpose of using the personification approach in advertisements is not only to make the consumer think of the products as living assets, but also to make the consumer react positively to the product, making the products more charming and reliable. In this research, a detailed examination of the visual personification in graphic design and advertising design has been made. The visual personification approach used in advertisement designs was examined on examples, and the design methods used in terms of graphic expression in advertisement designs created with this approach and their contribution to the meaning formation were investigated. It has been analyzed that personification in the examined advertisement designs is created by using design methods such as abstraction, metonymy, modification, analogy and deformation. As a result, it has been seen that personification method can be used in graphic design in terms of constituting a creative idea and a visual, besides it can contribute to the students' graphic production process when it is used in graphic design education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the Omnibus Directive (EU) 2019/2161 of the European Parliament and of the Council some directives on consumer protection have been amended. In this framework, Directive 93/13/EEC on Unfair Terms in Consumer Contracts, Directive 98/6/EC on Consumer Protection in the Indication of the Prices of Products Offered to Consumers, Directive 2005/29/EC on Unfair Commercial Practices and Directive 2011/83 on Consumer Rights have been amended. In this study, which mainly aims to address the amendments made in the Directive 2005/29 on Unfair Commercial Practices, the amendments to the German Unfair Competition Code that entered into force on 28.5.2022 and the amendments to the Commercial Advertising and Unfair Commercial Practices Regulation in Turkish law that entered into force on 1.3.2022 will be evaluated comparatively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Textile products used in bathroom, kitchen, bedroom, etc. For usage and decoration are called home textile products. In the developing world, people's demand for products that can different needs in different places is increasing day by day. Increasing demand for different products has also increased the production and consumption of them. The aim of this study in this context was to design an alternative functional product for consumers who need bathrobes and sometimes body towels depending on their intended use. The applicationbased design research method was used in the study. Depending on the research method, a literature review was made at first, then fabric pattern design, model designs, and prototype production were made in line with the determined theme. It is thought that the designs made within the scope of the study will contribute to those who works on developing a new product in this field and also will help reduce the consumption of bathroom textiles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wearable technology products are becoming increasingly prevalent gradually. Noticeably, with the development of artificial intelligence technologies, the importance of machine learning has increased and wearable technologies play a key role in feeding the big data that needed for this process. Recognizing the ever-increasing market volume, examining the behavior of consumers using wearable technological products is important for technology companies and marketing managers, and to understanding the behavior of consumers using these products to market activities. Besides that, it considered that the effective role of innovation in the factors that affect the intention of consumers using wearable technological products to continue using or purchase these products is a crucial topic. Related to this context, in this study, the effect of hedonic and utilitarian product value, which is thought to influence consumers' intention to purchase wearable technological products, on direct purchase intention and the moderating role of consumer innovativeness in this interaction investigated. In this study, 314 samples collected, for analysis process of research data validity and research assumptions, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modelling techniques employed. In addition, the study examined the mediation role of the consumer innovativeness with the SPSS Process Macro software. The findings show that hedonic, utilitarian and perceived product value have a direct effect on consumers' intention to purchase wearable technological products. Besides, consumer innovativeness has mediation role in between hedonic and utilitarian value and purchase intention. These results show that the effect of hedonic and utilitarian value on purchase intention is greater when consumer innovativeness is high. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Retailing is one of the indispensable elements of the consumption economy in today's world. Retailing, a bridge between the consumer and the product, expresses a wide range of products and services as a concept. The retail definition includes markets, stores, and service providers. The retail sector is rapidly affected by the trends emerging in the changing world with technological developments. Digitalization, new consumer behaviors and the conveniences brought by technology and alternative channels are also conducive to the redefinition of retailing. For example, the Covid-19 outbreak has led retail channels worldwide to shift from conventional merchandising to online sales channels called electronic commerce. In this study, the conceptual change and development of the retail sector in the new period, as well as the sector in the world and Turkey, are looked at from the perspective of the effects triggered by the Pandemic. The emerging changes are examined and the experiences in food retail are discussed. "Cooperative Markets", which has evolved into a significant success story for Turkey, is reviewed in detail, and the situation of the markets in the Thrace Region is examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, it is aimed to measure the organic product awareness of consumers coming to the organic product market. For this purpose, face-to-face surveys were conducted with 271 consumers in organic product markets in Izmir and Istanbul. As a result of the survey analysis, it was determined that the organic product consumers coming to the organic market are mostly middle-aged, married, female and at higher education levels. As a result of the surveys, 97.8% of the consumers who came to the organic product markets declared that they knew what is the organic agriculture, and 97.7% of them were able to define the organic agriculture correctly. Within the scope of the study, it has been revealed that the sources of information about organic products for organic consumers are generally the internet and social media (45.4%), followed by family and friends (33.6%), which are also effective in acquiring information. In this context, to increase the consumption of organic products; It has been determined that the internet and social media will be a more effective method for information and promotion about organic agriculture, organic products, organic product certificates and organic product markets. As a result of the study, it is thought that increasing the number of organic product markets in Turkey may increase the consumption of organic products and in the long term, it will positively affect the production amounts, the number of producers, production areas and thus the import and export quantities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed to determine the knowledge levels of consumers living in the city centre of Isparta province about organic products, their organic product consumption preferences and the factors affecting their organic product consumption. The "clustered onestage simple random probability sampling based on population ratios" method was used to determine the number of questionnaires. The main material of the study was the data collected by face-to-face interviews with 384 consumers living in the urban area of Isparta province, Turkey. Chi-square analysis was applied to the data obtained in the study. According to the research results, it was determined that consumers generally defined organic products as natural products (73.18%). It was seen that 72.40% of the participants consumed organic products. It was also determined that the most important factor in consumers' preference for organic products was the health factor. The most consumed organic products were fresh fruit and vegetables, eggs and milk, respectively. It was determined that consumers paid attention to buy organic products from reliable places. The 43.17% of consumers consuming organic products stated that they had certificates in the products they purchase. It was determined that consumers buy organic products from villages, neighbourhood markets and producers they know. The vast majority of consumers emphasized that organic products were expensive. 84.53% of consumers thought that there was not enough promotion about organic products. The information source that consumers are aware of about organic products was determined as the internet. According to the results of Chi-Square analysis, it was determined that the rate of having certificates in organic products purchased by consumers with education levels and income levels were also higher. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, it is aimed to evaluate the effect of ethnocentrism, quality, price, regret and repurchase intention to determine the conditions of white goods brands that participants have experienced. The sample group of the research consists of 894 white goods consumers. In this context, validity, reliability analysis and factor analysis of the data were performed. After an ANOVA analysis, the research model was performed to PATH analysis. According to the findings obtained from the research analysis, the evaluations of the participants regarding the variables of ethnocentrism, quality, price, satisfaction, regret and repurchase intention were significantly differentiated according to groups of white goods brand preferences, political tendency, and province of residence. Also, ethnocentrism, quality, price, and regret status of the participants were observed that to affect on repurchase intention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The impact of traditional meat production on the environment has prompted the search for alternative production approaches geared towards sustainable operations. Examples of these novel approaches so-called green technologies include artificial meat, meat analogs, new protein sources like from insects. In the meat sector, smart farms where online herd monitoring is performed using Internet of Things technology are becoming widespread. These farms use genome-wide selection approaches producing high yield animals. To process the raw material produced with these systems using innovative processing and preservation technologies is a promising way to ensure a meat supply in a sustainable framework. Artificial meat, meat analogs and the usage of meat protein alternatives have limited consumer acceptance. These innovative green and sound approaches should be better integrated into the meat sector considering the positive impact on social, economic and sustainability principles. These new opportunities should be embraced by consumers as a good way to improve the quality of life while protecting the environment through sustainable production of meat and meat - like products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Advertisements have an important place in the strategic communication management of brands. In today's advertising approach, brands associate imaginary worlds with the lives of consumers and aim to create strong meanings of the product in consumers for the purpose of differentiation from competitors. Associations are created with the help of myths, various symbols and metaphors used in visual and linguistic elements in advertising. In this way, functions such as creating new meanings, transferring and enriching the meaning are performed. With the help of semiotics, besides denotations recognized at first glance in advertising messages, hidden connotations in the text that are not noticed at first sight can be analyzed. In this context, the aim of the study is to analyze the visual and linguistic analysis of the "Turkcell Fiber'den Ailelere Fiber Destek" advertisement and to reveal what kind of associations are used in order to build the minds of the consumers. In order to reveal the meanings in question, the expressions were deciphered by making use of the denotation/connotation distinction that Roland Barthes put forward. As a result of the research, it was found that the brand uses various connotations to enrich its power of meaning in the advertisement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Ottoman State was in a condition of insufficient preparation as it entered the First World War, which would determine its fate. This war had brought domestic production to a halt and created great obstacles to imported products. In this war, which started in 1914 and lasted for four years, the state suffered great losses in terms of economic, military, political and humanity, while the people behind the war suffered great scarcity. Especially in basic consumer products such as flour, milk, cheese and butter, prices increased excessively. This scarcity and price increase were not limited to food and other essential necessities. As a matter of fact, the scarcity of paper, which is a significant material in education, was felt seriously in this period. The fact that the available paper stocks were finished in a short time and the lack of paper caused the education, press and broadcasting activities to be disrupted. Even, the lack of paper reached the level that would prevent the usual activities in government offices. In this study, the paper scarcity that emerged in many parts of the state, especially in Istanbul during the war period between 1914-1918, attempts to supply the paper, the influences of the lack of paper and the activities of the Manager of the Government Printing Office, Mr. Ismail Hamit will be examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, increased environmental pollution and global warming lead consumers to become and act more sensitive toward environmental issues. Consumer‟s sensitivity may cause a change in their buying behavior such as paying more attention to the effects of products or services on environment. In order to adapt to the increased sensitivity of consumers‟ and to be different from their competitors, tourism enterprises are turning to green marketing practices/strategies. Green hotels or hotels which are stated as eco-friendly are offered to consumers as a product of green practices in tourism enterprises. In this context, the aim of the study is to examine the relationship between consumers' thoughts about environmentally friendly hotels and underlying intention of consumers who prefer to stay in green hotels. The research has been conducted on customers who prefer to stay in green hotels in Antalya region. In order to collect data, questionnaire technique which is a quantitative method, has been used. In this research, data has been collected from 227 customers staying in five star hotels with green stars in Antalya region and analyzed with SPSS program. As a result of the study, it has been determined that there is a statistically significant relation between consumers‟ thoughts and intention to stay in environment friendly hotels. In addition, it has been found that in terms of participants who participated in the study, there is a significant positive correlation between the eco-friendly strategies that are used in tourism establishments and consumers buying behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

E-retail applications have been rapidly adopted with the widespread use of internet and mobile technologies. However, the rates for the adoption and the use of shopping from online grocery markets, where fast-moving consumer goods are increasing much more slowly. It is important to examine the factors affecting the acceptance of these channels and risk perceptions in order to increase the rates of shopping from online grocery markets and to provide data to the emerging market structure. The conceptual framework of the study carried out for this purpose is based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 (UTAUT2). In the study conducted by applying a survey to 402 individuals, it was found that facilitating conditions, habits, performance expectancy and time risk had a positive whereas psychological risk negative impact on the intention of shopping from online grocery markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing competition environment and the high diversity offered to the consumers increased the desire of businesses to be noticeable and preferable compared to competitors. In this competitive environment, advertising is one of the most important tool that businesses can use to reach consumers and present their products or services. In a world where advertising is so important, how the ad is perceived by the audience and how it affects the intention to buy appears to be an important question mark. In this vein, the effect of audience perception components on attitude toward advertising and purchase intention were examined in in the white goods sector. The sample of the study is 480 people who have been married and have been buying white goods for at least one year in order to reach consumers who have information about the advertisements made by the white goods sector. Data were collected from consumers by online survey method and the analysis of the data was carried out with structural equation modeling. According to the findings, advertisements perceived as informative and entertaining by the audience have an effect on the attitude towards advertising. In addition, advertisements perceived as informative have a positive effect on the purchase intention. On the other hand, it has been determined that the attitude towards advertising has a positive effect on the purchase intention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Packaging design is the visual language of the product. Its mission is to establish a visual connection between the product and the consumer. The packaging should be appreciated as well as the product itself. An original and aesthetically good packaging design, besides meeting Marketing expectations, adds distinct value to the product. In our country, care has not been given to the packaging of non-competitive, lowquality domestic cigarettes for many years. After 1980, with the start of the competition with foreign cigarette brands, better quality cigarettes started to be offered for sale with better packaging. If it is not true that a good product is presented in bad packaging, it is also not true that a low-quality product has a very prestigious packaging. In the article, samples randomly selected from cigarette brands produced in our country before the compulsory packaging period were tried to evaluate the aesthetic dimension according to Visual Communication Design. Aesthetic perceptions have characteristics that vary from person to person. The evaluations were made in the framework of visual communication design principle aesthetic values formed in long processes from past to present. The evaluations are open to all kinds of criticism and interpretation because they are personal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new sustainable movement in the apparel industry is slow fashion. Slow fashion; ıt is a concept that includes the replacement of harmful chemicals with environmentally friendly materials, recycling of garments and reducing waste and resource consumption. Some people prefer fashionable clothing while others are influenced by this socially conscious movement, which encourages them to buy high quality products less often than quantity. Therefore, the personality structure of people affects the choice of c lothes. F or t his reason, it is aimed to examine the slow fashion perceptions of consumers with different personality types. The data were obtained from 418 people living in the city center of Sivas city by convenience sampling using the method of face-to-face survey. As a result of the research, it has been determined that the consumers with type A personality characteristics prefer the more original products and the consumers with type B personality characteristics prefer the more original products. In addition, this research shows that the perception of slow fashion varies according to gender, age and income. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, consumers become very interested in how others see themselves, they have changed their shopping habits according to the pleasures and preferences of others rather than their own pleasures and preferences. Depending on this the value of the product to the consumer; consumer's brand attitude varies according to the opinions and preferences of others. Therefore; in this study, the effect of social comparison on brand attitude was investigated by using survey technique. The perceptions of consumers (functional and symbolic) on brand attitude were measured by establishing four different scenarios including downward and upward comparison. In this context, data obtained from 1014 consumers who responded to the scenarios were analyzed by using SPSS statistical program. As a result of the analysis; while the upward comparison of consumers' attitudes towards brands change positively; in the downward comparison, brand attitudes change negatively. So consumers' attitude to brands will be more positive if the brands are used by successful people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanotechnological products offer many superior products with innovative features and developed with new techniques in line with the wishes of consumers. The fact that the product markets produced with advanced technology have a dynamic structure, show continuous development and have a lot of variety, leads to intense competition in the sector. Manufacturers who want to succeed in the market need to analyze consumers' expectations for nanotechnological products. The aim of this study is to determine the factors that affect the preferences of nanotechnological products by consumers and their effects on purchase intention. The survey was conducted on undergraduate students, and the data were collected from 470 people using the convenience sampling method. The model used was created as a result of the literature review about the purchase intention of nanotechnological products and the variables used in the model were; environmental, personal, health, economic, ethical and legal, social and purchasing variables. Survey data were analyzed with IBM SPSS and AMOS programs and the hypotheses created in the model were tested. In this study, it is concluded that personal, environmental and economic factors have a significant effect on the purchase intention of nanotechnological products, while ethical and legal, health and social factors have no significant effect on the purchase intention of nanotechnological products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the development of the food industry, changes in environmental factors create an effect of color loss in the stages such as, processing, storing and selling the food. Colour los is one of the most important factor for consumers purchasing the product. That's why for preventing the color loss natural and synthetical colorants are used. Consumers directed to use of natural products with the increasing health issues as a result of industrialization. With increasing attention of usage of natural products, producers are directed to use of natural colorants. Betalain is a natural colorant that was used in flowers and fruits also, it belongs to Caryophyllales family. At the same time, through its antioxidant, anticancer and antilipidemic effects, it creates a positive effect on health. Thus, nowadays using betalain as a natural colorant became an interesting subject. In this article, it was purposed giving information in the areas of the molecular and chemical structure of betalain, their stability, extraction, and usage in foods of betalain and its effects on the health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, environmental trends in consumers' purchasing behaviour have made it important for companies to produce and sell eco-friendly products. Green marketing has become a major issue for those who want to differ and who give value of consumers to buy eco-friendly products. Although there are studies about green marketing in the literature, it is seen that these studies do not include with consumer values, trust, perceived quality and risk concepts. For this reason, this study aims to contribute to green marketing literature and to identify issues that may be important in the eco-friendly applications. In this study, the importance of emotional and ecological value, perceived quality, perceived risk and in particular, the trust among eco-friendly products, has been investigated. During the research, face-to-face questionnaire was used and 210 people who purchased eco-friendly electronic products in Istanbul attend the survey. According to the results, perceived quality and trust for these products were determined to be effective in purchasing eco-friendly products for consumers. Moreover, emotional value is effective in creating perceived quality for eco-friendly products, and perceived quality is effective on trust. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the aim is to determine consumer behaviors towards functional foods and the factors affecting these behaviors. The main material of the study was the face-to-face interviews with 384 consumers living in urban areas of Isparta province and the data obtained by the survey method. According to the results of the study, 89.58% of the interviewees were the consumers of functional food. It was seen that being beneficial to health was the first factor that the consumers pay attention to, when they decide on the food product they consume. The most consumed products of consumers were mineral water, mixed fruit juice and green tea respectively. Consumers were aware of the functional foods mostly via the internet and the first three benefits were that these foods are perceived as healthier, may help to eliminate swelling problems like gas and to regulate bowel functions. Consumers of this study consumed functional foods at least 2 or 3 times a week. The health benefits, the information provided by the experts about the functional foods and the brands of these products were one of the important features that consumers pay attention to during the purchase of functional foods. The main reasons for the consumption were that they benefited from the health effects of functional foods and liking their tastes, making the consumers feel fit in shape and also helping to prevent disorders or diseases. It was found that the relationship between functional food consumption and gender, age, marital status, household width and average monthly income was statistically insignificant (p>0.05) while the relationship between the educational status of consumers and functional food consumption was statistically significant (p<0.05). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present day, the rate of internet users is increasing rapidly. Internet marketing activities have also increased by the spread of the internet. By eliminating the concepts of time and distance, the Internet makes it possible for consumers to buy the product they want at any time of the day and anywhere in the world. There are many factors that drive consumers into electronic shopping, and consumers are making purchasing behavior for different purposes. In this study, it is aimed to determine the effect of hedonic and utilitarian motives of consumers on electronic marketing and purchasing behavior and the effect of electronic marketing on purchasing behavior. For this purpose, consumers living in Sakarya province were determined as the main mass of the study. The convenience sampling method (stratified non-random sample) was used to represent highly the main population of the selected sample and a faceto- face questionnaire was applied to a total 406 consumers from Sakarya province. The data obtained from the surveys were analyzed by Spss 21 and Amos 24 programs and it was determined that hedonic and utilitarian consumption had positive effects on electronic marketing and purchasing behavior. In addition, electronic marketing has a positive effect on purchasing behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With globalization, immigrant mobility has increased in recent years. Accordingly, the studies that reveal the effects of immigration especially on bilateral trade have accelerated. There are results that related to international immigration influence international trade positively through various channels. In this paper, it's aimed to determine whether the number of immigrants from Turkey to other countries effect the Turkey's exports and if so, to explain the direction of this effect. To this end, for the year 2009, countries that have more than 500 Turkish Republic citizen and Turkey's exports of consumption goods to these countries were used. The results show that an increase in the number of immigrants from Turkey to other countries increase the exports of consumption goods to these countries through the preference effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the major sources of consumer level brand consumption data in Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) sector is the household consumer panels maintained by individual organizations. Consumer panels are capable of keeping histories of purchases for a sample of households. Household panel data is collected via barcode scanner technologies in the developed countries. Data collected by the optical scanning of Universal Product Code permits researchers study the effects of marketing variables on customer choice among product alternatives since the mid-1980s and many dozens of papers are published on brand and retailer choice issues since then. Employing scanner technology, panel organizations does not require its members to record all the items they purchase in a shopping trip, as their panel ID cards are scanned during the payment process at checkout. Building cooperation with the retailer companies, scanner panels are able to provide price and promotion data for all the products (in a given product category) without the necessity of being purchased. On the other hand, due to the high levels of technology costs, the household level panel information in developing markets is primarily gathered using the diary mode. It is believed that, in this mode of data collection, both the reliability and the scope of information collected from the panellists are still scarce compared to their scanner type counterparts in more developed markets. One of the important problems of diary mode data is the lack of complete price information. In diary mode panel organizations, households only record the prices of the products they purchase. As it is impossible for a shopper to list the prices of all the products in the product categories (of which the shopping basket includes an item), diary mode household panels are not capable of conducting complete price data in a given product category. As the brand choice models literature using household panel data mostly stands upon the unit prices of the products purchased and their alternatives displayed on shelves, there is a gap of modelling research in the developing markets in which consumer panel measurements are made based on diary mode. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether it is possible to establish an efficient brand choice model based on diary mode household panel data from the Turkish carbonated soft drinks market. … [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Problem: In this work, It has been studied on who decide to the purchase decision between the families living in cities and rural areas. It has also been studied whether there are differences as to the roles of them. As the goods bought would be many in kind, this study has been limited with durable goods. Aim of the study : The aim of this study is to determine whether there are differences between the families living in cities and rural areas at the time of giving a purchase decision. Accordingly to this aim, in this work it has been studied on the one who makes the purchase decision and from the point of the place of buying and the style of buying between the families in the cities and in the rural areas. It has also been mentioned how they differ from each other in this work. Method: In this work, a field study has been done with a method of face to face questionaire. Findings and results : As a result of analyzing hypothese made to determine the effect of the individual who makes the purchase decision, both the mothers effect itself and mother-father effect have been analyzed and determined some certain differences according to the areas. In the second hypothese, according to the living areas, it has been studied places of purchase durable goods as to the both areas and as a result of this, it has been determined that there are some differences between the people living in cities and in rural areas. The families living in rural areas do less shopping from department stores. They usually do shopping from manufacturers, franchises and department stores. In the third hypothese, the people living in rural areas usually pay their bills in instolments but, on the other hand, addition to this the people living in cities pay their bills by credit card. Suggestions: With regard to the families living in cities, in the activities of production and marketing, it should not be ignored of the hopes and expectations of a house wife. The place and the style of purchase durable goods for the families living in cities and rural areas is very important. Businesses should give more importance to the distribution, place and promotion activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human beings are affected by chemicals in the environment. Some chemicals are persistent in the environment and the chronic exposure to these chemicals leads to some health consequences in human. Traces of a large variety of both natural and man-made compounds can be found in the tissues and body fluids as a result of exposure to these compounds in air, soil, water, food, and consumer products. In this review one of these chemicals, teflon, teflon products and their health consequences are evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]