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Copyright of Journal of Theory & Practice in Education (JTPE) / Eğitimde Kuram ve Uygulama is the property of Journal of Theory & Practice in Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The language used in literary works falls in the field of study of many disciplines. Function and meaning analyses of language elements such as words, phrases, sentences in the works constitute the basic data in order to make studies in the fields of history, culture, sociology, etc. It is possible to obtain information about the period when the work was written through the style, which is accepted as the special language of the author or poet. The subject of this study is the analysis of the language elements in the novel titled Onikiler, serialized in Cumhuriyet newspaper in 1935, with the announcement of Great Folk Novel by Sermet Muhtar Alus In the novel, the event takes place in Istanbul in 1886, and it vividly reflects many elements of Istanbul's streets, social life, relations between men and women, bureaucracy, and beliefs at that time. This vividness is strengthened by the fact that direct conversations are included in a large part of the novel and by the transfer of these conversations and the language spoken on the street to the novel. In the study, all the words in the work were analyzed. It is seen that the words in the spoken language of the period in the novel have different references from the meanings we encounter in the written language. These uses can be classified as follows in terms of form and meaning: a) Verbs and verb stems, which are present in the written language and differ in terms of meaning, are commonly encountered in the work. Some of these derivations and combinations have occurred as a result of the words transferred from foreign languages undergoing changes depending on the structure of our language. b) There are words that have a figurative meaning through concretization by associating them with entities, objects, events, etc. in nature. c) There are expressions conveyed using reverse discourse. d) Sentence-level uses in formulaic words are of verbal expression value in terms of both the inverted sentence order and the meaning attributed to the words. When this classification is evaluated, it is seen that there are rich examples of the spoken language of the period in which the event took place in the novel. One of the important points is that the words in the novel have a wide range of meanings. These meaning areas can be a reflection of the richness of the spoken language. In addition, the presence of people of all religions and races in Istanbul at that time was a factor in the introduction of words of foreign origin into the language. In the novel, foreign words belonging to social life, tailoring, male-female relations, etc. were included, or these borrowed words were used by changing according to Turkish phonetic characteristics. As a result, it is important to create the complete works of the novels that speak to/describe the public in Turkish literature, to make language studies, to classify and analyze the vocabulary, in terms of revealing the rich vocabulary of the Turkish Language and contributing to the current vocabulary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Communication Theory & Research / Iletisim Kuram ve Arastirma Dergisi is the property of Gazi University, Faculty of Communication and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Various methods and techniques are used to facilitate teaching Turkish to foreigners. Another method that has recently been implemented in vocabulary teaching is the use of "common words". Turkey Turkish has a different common history and common words with the Turkish world, Europe, the Arab world and other regions, and even with each country. Common words can be used to prepare course material, or a dictionary consisting only of common words. When a person who is learning Turkish encounters a dictionary consisting of around two thousand common words when they come to the course, they will be motivated and encouraged to learn Turkish. In this study, seventy-five Turkish morphemes belonging to the words in the colloquial language that has passed from Turkey Turkish to Lebanese Arabic, words derived with the +CI construction suffix, food names, signboard names and surnames will be discussed. In the determination of these words, besides the field research, the literature review method was also used. Despite the fact that these morphemes are used in Lebanese Arabic, their origins remain unknown to them. In fact, some words have undergone such changes in sound and form that it is difficult to find their origin without careful examination. For this reason, changes in sound and structure are also included. The determination of morphemes transferred from Turkish to foreign languages will not only contribute to the teaching of Turkish as a foreign language, but will also give an idea about the interaction between Turkey Turkish and Lebanese Arabic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Concepts are sometimes used in different ways by different people for very good reasons or their meanings can change over time. The world is going through a period that is also called the information age or computer technology or sciences era. There has been a transformation from analog to digital in the ways and methods of creating, collecting, storing, processing and transmitting information. Automation, internet of things, digitization, digitalization, digital transformation, information systems, computing, informatics are frequently used words in this era. Nowadays digitization, digitalization and digital transformation are the prominent concepts which are sometimes used interchangeably, instead of one another. In addition these three concepts can occasionally be used in inappropriate or misleading meanings too. There is confusion in the literature and colloquial language for these three concepts. In this study, firstly, a historical view is taken to the technological accumulation of humanity, in other words, the knowledge discovery leading to disruptive social transformations over time were examined. A literature review was conducted on the meaning and definitions of the words digitization, digitalization and digital transformation and the findings were presented. Later, to support the elimination of confusion between concepts, digitization, digitalization and digital transformation are discussed and the difference among them is emphasized. Finally, the effects of digital transformation on the economy and society and the importance of strategy in transformation are stated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mehmet Âkif is a prominent poet who focused his attention on all the problems that the Turkish nation experienced at the beginning of the 20th century. He proposed solutions, and his poems made an overwhelming impression in the society. All his thoughts, comments and proposals are included in his work called Safahat. Mehmet Âkif dealt with every aspect of life and besides his social poems, he also wrote personal and sufi poems. This article focuses on his poetic story named Bebek yahut Hakk-ı Karar (Baby or Decision Rights). In this poem, Âkif describes the attitudes of his little daughters towards their doll in an entertaining way. In the article, some interesting forms and interesting aspects in the content of the poem are discussed. These can be summarized as follows: The naturalness in the dialogues and in the narration, the closeness to prose expression, the adaptation of the aruz prosody to the spoken language, the humorous view that dominates the poetry, the sensitivity shown to the inner world of the child. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focusing on affixation while evaluating the ways of word formation in Turkish, hinders the extensive evaluation of the ways of word formation. Although affixation is the most applied way of word formation in Turkish, it is observed that new words are also formed with methods such as compounding, abbreviating, initialism, conversion, duplication, clipping, borrowing, nativisation, coinage and neologism other than affixation. Thus, attention should be paid to all the methods during the evaluation in order to fully analyze the ways of word formation in Turkish. This study will evaluate the lexemes taken from the colloquial speech at Article A in the Turkish Dictionary of the Turkish Language Association in terms of ways of word formation in Turkish. Considering the written languagecolloquial speech relationship of Turkish, revealing the methods used for word formations in lexemes taken from the colloquial speech will benefit researchers in seeing the effect of the differences resulting from the written language-colloquial speech relationship in Turkish on the grammatical processes and the formation of new meanings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intertextuality refers to the connections of rewritten texts with tradition as well as contemporary texts. Therefore connections between texts and tradition have also been enquired. Hypothesis, problems and methods of intertextuality have been used in analyzing traditional discourse. Within this scope it is remarkable that literary texts which produced under the thumb of modern movements are based upon intertextuality methods as citation, allusion, palimpsest, pastische and parody etc. and also elements of oral culture together. Oral culture, folk poetry and the relationship between colloquial language and modern life has never fallen in value. Even within movements which assert that they ignore tradition and develop a new discourse; collective unconscious, collective memory, traditional vocabulary and oral culture can be observed. In this context Garip is a movement which claimed that they broke with tradition. However, it is interesting that poems of the representatives of this movement contain overtones of oral culture and collective unconscious. When Garip poems are considered on intertextuality basis; the enriching effect of productions of oral narrative tradition - folk songs, fairy tales, requiems, riddles, epic stories - can be seen obviously. In other words, oral culture extends horizons of narration and meets the seeking of Garip movement which can be summarized as "expression involving exclusivity in its manner". In this context, it can be asserted that genres of folk literature continue their existence in modern poetry by transforming in sense and shape. It is observed that folkloric elements hold their ground in modern poetry as a rich source. In Garip poetry, although there are few examples, oral culture traces prove this indispensability. When the poems of the representatives of Garip movement are analyzed in the context of intertextuality it can be seen that they developed a new discourse by transforming and using oral culture products as folk songs, folk tales, nursery rhymes and requiems. Orhan Veli put the use of folk song and thus he transformed his style to a more harmonious structure in need of finding a new sound in poetry. For instance he benefited the genre of folk song in Destan Gibi. Oktay Rifat, besides using colloquial language and idioms, also preferred representing the tragedy of modern people with nursery rhymes and requiems. He transformed traditional genres in terms of meaning. He also wrote in style of Karacaoğlan with syllabic meter even with a pseudonym. This attitude can be seen as the proof of indispensability of folkloric elements for his poetics. Oral culture subsists in modern poetry in the context of intertextuality. Melih Cevdet Anday benefited from folklore in a new context in Bilmece. He transformed the meaning; he didn't discuss the past. Instead he stated his momentary emotions, current inclinations or his positions against social-political events. The most important outcomes of this article is that oral culture has durability in any context and it is indispensable for literature even if it transforms in terms of form and meaning. Thus it is known that Garip movement, especially Orhan Veli fronted tradition in consequence of social factors such as existence of village institutes in 1940's. This study states the benefiting of folkloric elements in Garip poetry with examples in the context of intertextuality and the transformation of these elements in terms of style and meaning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transcribed texts written in Latin letters by European scholars before the Letter Revolution of 1928 are very important for Turkish studies. It should be noted that they may contain some mistakes as they are the works of non-native speakers. While these texts may have been written for other purposes, they are nonetheless significant phonological resources as they include pronunciation of words, i.e colloquial language. Studies on these type of works started in early 1900s in the West whereas they started in 1990s in Turkey. Transcribed texts written in German, French, Italian and English are currently being studied. The subject of this study is the transcribed texts of Osmanische Sprichwörter, published in 1865 in Vienna. It contains 500 proverbs. Words written in Arabicalphabet mostly obscured pronunciation as they had rigid, structured orthography. In Osmanische Sprichwörter, the pronunciation of proverbs are given both in German and in French transcription systems and thereby it was made possible to ascertain the difference between orthography and pronunciation. In this study, 100 (101 to 200) proverbs were evaluated. The pronunciations of the words and affixes were discussed. • [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Turkish Research Institute / Atatürk Üniversitesi Türkiyat Arastirmalari Enstitüsü Dergisi is the property of Ataturk University Coordinatorship of Scientific Journals and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Ahmet Sarı, one of the recent names of Turkish story writing, deals with various topics in his six published story books. It is quite obvious that stories by Ahmet Sarı are intertwined with life. This aspect is accomplished by including crime news, animal kingdom, the impact of several celebrities, himself and his family in his stories. The concept of being intertwined with life is also apparent in his stories with the use of some foreign words due to being born and raised in Germany and being a Professor at German Language and Literature department. Apart from that aspect, being scientific also plays a part in his stories in the form of repetition, response, folk belief, colloquial language, psychology and medicine. The writer produces works in postmodern and poetic style as well as handling verses from the Quran and mysticism. In his certain stories, criticism and uneasiness stand out. Sarı, including detail and imagery in a number of stories, frequently uses words like edim, kayra, esrime and nobran. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of bilig: Journal of Social Sciences of the Turkish World is the property of bilig: Journal of Social Sciences of the Turkish World and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Punctuation marks are symbols which are used to express feelings and thought more clearly, to determine the sentence structure, and to state the properties of wording such as stress and intonation. These marks arrange the text and eliminate the ambiguity of meaning by making the text easier to understand. In addition they play a role as semantic markers although they do not take part in forming the sentence. These marks, with all these functions, close the gap between colloquial language and written language to some extent, and they help the written language become close the colloquial language. These marks, which have grown to maturity in a long historical background, are an inseparable element of the written language today and they have a place in teaching the mother-tongue, and teaching a foreign language processes. However, the morphological and syntactic differences between these languages resulted in differences in functions of these marks, which are shown with the same symbols. These differences may cause problems for native speakers of Turkish in their process of learning Arabic. Because, trying to read and comprehend the text without having a good grasp of the functions of punctuation marks in both languages may bring difficulties in their wake. For this reason, it is important to determine different functions of these marks in both languages. In this study, the functional differences are tried to be determined in two chapters as those determining the structure of a paragraph and others, and attention is drawn to the common usage of these marks.In addition, the functional differences of the punctuation marks in two languages are classified as those that may and may not cause problems in teaching. It is expected that, from the determined differences the ones with the quality of posing problems will contribute to language teaching. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Around 7000 languages are spoken in the world, which has a population of 7 billion today. Arabic ranks 4th among these spoken languages. The language that is spoken as a mother tongue the most is Chinese. Around 1,390.000 people speak this language. Chinese is followed by Indian and Urdu, coming from the same root. These languages are spoken by 588 million people. English, known as the language of communication, science, trade, diplomacy etc. today ranks 3rd with 527 million speakers. Arabic, which ranks 4th, is the language of 467 million people. Spanish ranks 5th with 389 million speakers. In terms of countries, English ranks first with 101 countries, whereas Arabic ranks second with 60 countries. Fasih Arabic, which we describe as Arabic or supra -dialects and is not very popular in the language of speech today, has faced many attacks from the past to the present and Fasih Arabic language has been weakened in all respects, especially since the 19th century. Although Fasih Arabic is understood and supported by many scientific figures, it is difficult to say that the efforts are at the desired level and so it is important to preserve Fasih Arabic as a communication language. In this article, the difficulties that Fasih Arabic faced and its role in unifying scientific, intellectual and artistic movements will be discussed. It is the only door to the literary riches of the past. Dialects used as Speech Arabic cannot contribute to all of this. Consequently, the importance of fasih Arabic as a communication language will also be discussed from different perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Dil Araştırmaları is the property of Journal of Dil Arastirmalari and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A Lekenâme text exists in the Manuscripts section of the library Institute of Turkic Studies of Istanbul University number from fabric 34/3 was transcribed and translated into contemporary Turkish. The text explains how to remove stains in daily life in a clearly, which is an atypical style in Ottoman prose. It is estimated the text was written in the latest period of Classical Ottoman Turkish and it contains a significantly rich vocabulary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Electronic Turkish Studies is the property of Electronic Turkish Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Electronic Turkish Studies is the property of Electronic Turkish Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Electronic Turkish Studies is the property of Electronic Turkish Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Electronic Turkish Studies is the property of Electronic Turkish Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Dil Araştırmaları is the property of Journal of Dil Arastirmalari and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Osman Cemal Kaygılı started to write at journal called as "Eşek" in 1910 and he was one of the the writers who had written about all kinds of literature. The author who was different from his contemporaries in terms of the periphery he was grown up and lived in had the readers feel this periphery in his all writings. Osman Cemal Kaygılı chose as materials for his literary works the districts which remained outside the literary world at that time such as Haliç, Kumkapı, Kasımpasa, Balat, Samatya, Hasköy, the social life in these districts, the types such as gypsies, unofficial fire fighters, rakes, tipplers, gangsters and entertainment places such as pubs, cafes and casinos. These mentioned rich materials determined the language and especially vocabulary he used to a great extent. Slang, defined as a special language which is used to communicate by some groups in a society and exists in almost every country and language, is one of the factors which make Osman Cemal's vocabulary different. His slang can be divided into three parts: criminals' slang, minorities' slang and fun slang. Slang at Osman Cemal's vocabulary comes out at three functions: The reflection of reality, contribution to humour and putting forward his own experiences to the reader. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of International Social Research is the property of Journal of International Social Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of International Social Research is the property of Journal of International Social Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Türk Dünyası Araştırmaları is the property of Turk Dunyasi Arastirmalari Vakfi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Electronic Turkish Studies is the property of Electronic Turkish Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Electronic Turkish Studies is the property of Electronic Turkish Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

While creating human being, Allah (God) has given people the ability of speaking to be able to express their feelings, thoughts, desires and needs. As the time passes, human beings started using body language besides verbal language. In the same period, there have been two different ways of expression: one is orally, and the other is bodily. In Arabic language, while talking about expression, first thing considered is verbalization which is related to colloquial language. There are many highly detailed books written about this subject. This paper tries to identify the expression as a body language. According to Cahiz, the expression has five functions including speaking, writing, gesture, the tongue of disposition, and account of hand. The paper mainly interested in gesture, the tongue of disposition and hand account which forms body language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]