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Copyright of Journal of Agriculture & Nature / Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım & Doğa Dergisi is the property of Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam Universitesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Agriculture & Nature / Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım & Doğa Dergisi is the property of Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam Universitesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Citrus trees are pruned at certain periods in order to increase yield, to protect the trees from diseases or to give form to the tree, and thus lignocellulosic residues emerge. These residues are called pruning residues and cannot be used other than burning. There are many species in the citrus family throughout Turkey and it is one of the leading countries in terms of fruit production. In this study, the cell-wall main components, side components and fiber properties of orange (Citrus sinensis), tangerine (Citrus reticulata), lemon (Citrus limon) and grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) wood and bark, which are pruning residues in citrus orchards and evaluated as waste material, were revealed. In chemical analyses, the amount of holocellulose was found to be between 66.45% and 80.82%, the amount of α-cellulose between 41.54% and 55.24%, and the amount of klason lignin between 14.37-19.67%. Solubility values were determined close to each other in wood and bark samples. While the 1% NaOH solubility ranged between 19.38-78.17%, the amount of soluble substances after hexane extraction was found to be between 2.61-8.24 mg/g. Fiber length and width were determined as 0.64-0.77 mm and 13.00-14.90 µm, respectively.

Copyright of Harran Journal of Agricultural & Food Science is the property of Harran University, Faculty of Agriculture and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Mustafa Kemal University Journal of Agricultural Sciences / Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Mustafa Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aims: This study aims to determine fungal and bacterial species and their densities in fruit and airborne microbiota in citrus packing houses located in Antakya, Dörtyol and Erzin districts of Hatay province. Methods and Results: Investigation were conducted in citrus fruit packing houses in Hatay province in 2020-2021. In order to determine the airborne microbiota, the nutrient media were placed in 3 different regions of the packing houses (product entrance, fruit processing and product dispatch). Fruit-borne fungal and bacterial isolates were obtained from the deliberately selected rotten fruits. Fungal and bacterial isolates were identified by morphological, biochemical and MALDI-TOF proteomic analysis. Penicillium italicum, Penicillium digitatum, Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus oryzae, Mucor circinelloides, Xanthomonas hortorum, Pantoea eucrina, Leclercia adecarboxylata, Pseudescherichia vulneris, Bacelliotymegatibia vulnerica, Bacelliot, eucrina, Leclercia adecarboxylata and Pseudescherichia vulnerica were determined as airborne fungal and bacterial species. Penicillium digitatum, Penicillium italicum, Fusarium solani, Geotrichum citri-auranti, Alternaria alternata, Cladosporium herbarum, Phytophthora sp., Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Geotrichum candidum, Erwinia herbicola, Xanthomonas hortorum were isolated and identified as fruit borne fungal and bacterial species on infected fruits. Conclusions: It has been observed that the airborne microbiota density is quite higher in the fruit processing section of the packinghouses, while the microbiota density is low in the product acceptance (entry) and dispatch (exit) sections because of proper ventilation. Significance and Impact of the Study: Airborne fungal and bacterial microbiota in the packinghouses can be easily transported by air movements and remain suspended in the air for a certain period of time, causing symptoms such as deterioration and rot in fruits. Since some of identified airborne bacterial and fungal species are known as allergens or human pathogens, necessary advices were given about the sanitation measures which should be taken into consideration in commercial citrus packinghouses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fağfûr-nâme, which is about the story of Fağfurşâh and Mahperî, and whose only manuscript we have been able to identify, is registered in France Bibliotheque National No: 406, begins with the story of a Chinese sultan who has all kinds of blessings and is burning with longing for children as in Hüsrev ü Şîrîn, Salâmân u Absâl, Şem ü Pervâne, Hüsn ü Dil, Leyla ile Mecnûn, Mihr ü Mâh, Hümâ vü Hümâyûn, Vâmık u Azrâ, Cihânşâh ile Şemsiyye and Seyfü’l-Mülûk, Bedi'ü'l-Cemâl and Heft-Peyker. In order to have children, certain rituals such as feeding the hungry, dressing the nudes, hosting the passengers and having the astrologers tell fortunes are seen in this work as well. Eventually, the Chinese khan has a child named Fağfûrşâh, and this boy’s falling in love with Mâhperî at the age of thirteen and the events that happened to him are told in a fluent and plain language. Fağfûr-nâme is interesting in terms of examples of cultural motifs as well as its theme. The work also gives us various clues about the period in which it was written and the sociological aspects of beliefs, customs and their applications: It is possible to find motifs in the story such as extraordinary beings, changing underpants, spells, saçı scattering, throwing citrus, love about the description of the beloved, correspondence and dreams. In this study, these motifs identified in the manuscript were examined in terms of history, culturel and literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Citrus fruits are susceptible to postharvest decays caused by various pathogenic fungal disease agents. Citrus sour rot, caused by Geotrichum citri-aurantii is one of the most important postharvest diseases of citrus fruits Although synthetic fungicides are commonly used to combat the disease, ineffectiveness of these applications as well as their harmful effects on human health and the environment have been reported in many studies recently. Biological control of postharvest diseases utilizing antagonistic bacteria has been explored in different host plant-pathogen interactions as a promising alternative to synthetic fungicides. In this study, biocontrol potentials of endophytic bacterial isolates, obtained from fruits, branch and leaves of healthy citrus trees, were investigated against Geotrichum citri-aurantii on petri plates (in vitro) and fruit tests (semi in vivo conditions). Among the 24 putative endophytic bacterial isolates isolated, sixteen different antagonist bacterial isolates were selected and assessed against mycelial growth inhibition of G. citri-aurantii in vitro studies. Among the bacterial isolates tested, Bacillus spp. isolates significantly inhibited mycelial growth of fungal agent by 59.5-78.6%. The highest mycelial growth inhibition was caused by B. subtilis CM8 (78.6%). Bacterial isolates of Acinetobacter johnsonii CT7, Erwinia herbicola CM5, Pseudomonas putida CL2, Pantoea agglomerans CM14, Acinetobacter lwoffii CP1 and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia CP3 failed to inhibit mycelial growth in dual culture assays. Antagonistic activities of bacterial isolates increased by the pre-incubation time before fungal inoculation. Bacterial isolates of Bacillus spp. caused considerably morphological changes such as vacuolation, shrivelling, swelling and lysis of hyphae close to inhibition zone. On artificially inoculated fruits, isolates of Bacillus spp. also found to suppressed disease incidence significantly by 56.7-83.3%. Due to strong antagonistic activities, isolates of Bacillus spp, tested in this study have the potential to be used as biofungicide for controlling post-harvest disease agent(s) of citrus fruits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turkish Journal of Weed Science is the property of Gaziosmanpasa Universitesi Matbaasi, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The existence of a large amount of seeds in citrus fruits results as a major impediment to customer acceptability, even if the fruits have high organoleptic properties. Irradiation, which mainly reduces seed number of varieties, is a faster way than hybridization. The use of irradiation in citrus breeding programs is now quite widespread with most programs in the major citrus producing countries actively developing new selections. The present study reports the primarily results of gamma irradiation on seed number and fruit quality of Ortanique tangor mutant population. The shoots of scion were irradiated with gamma rays from 60Co at the dose of 50 Gy (gray) in April of 2014. All the treated buds were then immediately budded onto rootstocks and the survival rate was recorded as 60.34%. In order to stabilize the mutation, mV3 plants were developed by re-budding and plants at mV3 generation were transplanted in the orchard in 2017. Within the following year, 68 mV3 plants out of 852 grown in the field bore sufficient amount of fruit and were screened in terms of 19 fruit quality characters such as seed number per fruit, fruit diameter and ripening index. Fruit diameters of mV3 population varied from 56.72 mm to 84.79 mm, and fruit weight ranged between 90.00 g and 287.60 g. The number of seeds per fruit ranged between 0.6 and 13.1 whereas seed number of non-irradiated Ortanique tangor was recorded as 10.7 in the same fruit crop year. In general, fruit characteristics such as fruit weight, fruit height and fruit diameter which describe fruit size of a big part of the population, were similar to Ortanique tangor. According to primarily results, 18 plants have been described as low seeded (≤4). In addition, a cluster analysis was performed by using Euclidean similarity coefficient and similarity index ranged between 29.29% and 93.10% regarding variables related to fruit. The stability of mutations detected is being evaluated and new commercial field trials will be established with the selected materials.

The agricultural production model which is done in order to provide food security, sustainability, and traceability in the agriculture, protect the natural sources and perform agricultural production, harmless to the environment, human and animal health, is called as Good Agricultural Practices. This study covers agricultural enterprises engaged in good agricultural practices and non-engaged in good agricultural practices in Adana province. The aim of the research is to compare the general characteristics of farms and to determine their views on good agricultural practices. The main material of the study constituted the primary data obtained through the survey of the 170 enterprises engaged in good agricultural and the non-used citrus (lemon and mandarin) farming in Adana province. According to the survey, it was determined that a higher level of education in enterprises engaged in ITU. The majority of good agricultural producers are residents in cities and towns and have social security. About 84.71% of good agricultural producers practise ITU in order to benefit support. It was determined that 25.88% of no good agriculture practices found ITU unnecessary. The 67.06% of producers stated that the market situation of the ITU products is similar to conventional products.

Citrus plants are among the most important export products in the Mediterranean Region of Turkey with regard to high production area and quantity. Due to suitable climate conditions, there are many citrus pests in nature. Many beneficial insect species have also been identified. However over-used of pesticides damage the population of natural enemies. Chilocorus bipustulatus L. (Col: Coccinellidae), which is one of the most important predator of red and yellow scales, and many citrus pests, is found naturally in the citrus ecosystem. In this study is determination of the side effect of buprofezin insecticide, on adult and pre-adult stages of C. bipustulatus L. in citrus orchards. The experiment was carried out according to ‘Side Effect Method of Pesticides on Beneficial Organisms (2018)’ in Serik and Aksu districts of Antalya. The results of the experiment were evaluated according to IOBC standards. The results were found as harmless or slightly harmful on the 1st, 7th, 14th and 28th days in Serik location. Similarly, it was found as harmless or slightly harmful on the 1st, 7th, 14th and 28th days in Aksu location.

In this study, the variation of the shelf life of lemon and orange fruits with edible coatings was investigated. In the study, four different coatings were created with three different type ingredients as carnauba wax-based, carnauba wax-shellac-based and shellac-based and applied to fruits. While the preparation of coatings, the magnetic stirring speed was kept at 400 rpm and the temperature were kept at 85 ° C. The water solubility and moisture content of created formulations were investigated. Antimicrobial activities of the coatings were investigated by disk diffusion method. The coatings prepared within the scope of the study were coated on the fruits and physical and chemical analyzes were applied. Fruits were observed for 12 days at +4 ° C refrigerator and room conditions. It has been determined that the solubility of the coatings formed by Formula 1, 2 and 3 in water is lower than the coatings formed by Formula 4. It has been determined that coatings formed with formulas containing carnauba wax have lower water solubility than dry films formed with formulas containing shellac. The best results were obtained with Formula 1 in coated fruits, observed at both refrigerator and room temperature. The coatings formed have been found to have antimicrobial activity against both gram positive and gram negative bacterias. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Field studies were carried out in the localities of different altitudes and vegetation covers in the Hatay province in March-October 2018. Papilio demoleus was caught with insect net in the citrus orchards at Antakya and Reyhanlı. Cornifrons ulceratalis, Macaria alternata and Camptogramma bilineatum were caught mercury vapour light trap and white screen in different localities, at different elevations, in different climatic conditions, plant cover and sutface features in Erzin. Papilio demoleus was caught in the citrus gardens in the province of Hatay Reyhanlı district as a male and a female on 05.09.2018 and in Antakya district on 15.10.2018 as two male and three female individuals. This invasive species is widespread all over the world and has the potential to create substantial threat for citrus orchards in the Mediterranean region and in the eastern Mediterranean region of Turkey in next years. As a result, Papilio demoleus (Papilionidae), Cornifrons ulceratalis (Crambidae), Macaria alternata and Camptogramma bilineatum (Geometridae) are new records for the lepidoptera fauna of Hatay.

Copyright of Journal of Agriculture & Nature / Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım & Doğa Dergisi is the property of Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam Universitesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this study, it was aimed to determine the physico-chemical and antioxidant properties of bitter orange (Citrus aurantium), bergamot (Citrus bergamia) and grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) peels and jams traditionally produced from them. Total dry matter, water soluble dry matter, pH and titratable acidity values of citrus peel jams were determined between 78.23 -- 80.01 g/100 g, 70.15 - 70.87 °Bx, 3.36 - 3.49 and 0.26 -- 0.27%, respectively. The total phenolic contents of citrus peel jams were determined between 22.38 - 38.21 mg GAE/100 g, and the total flavonoid contents were determined as 2.45 - 6.30 mg CE/100. With the processing of the peels into jam, the ascorbic acid content decreased by 82.47 - 84.50% and was determined as 13.91 - 16.43 mg/100 g. The highest amount of total phenolic was found in grapefruit peel jam. It was determined that bitter orange peel jam has the highest total flavonoid and ascorbic acid content. DPPH radical scavenging activity decreased significantly with the jam processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann (Diptera: Tephritidae) is a polyphagous fly species, disturbed in the tropical and subtropical countries. C. capitata is most important citrus pest, which damages economically the yield loss on some fruits such as apple, pomegranate, peach, persimmon, and nectarine. This pest is the main pest in many countries in the world. C. capitata has been recorded as a zero-tolerance pest in the quarantine pest listed of Turkey. It distributes to wide areas from the east Mediterranean Region to the north Aegean Region in our country. The Mediterranean fruit fly has recently threatened the citrus production and export. Some management methods have been applied the control of C. capitata. The biotechnical control is commonly applied to control this pest both all around the world. In this context, several traps are used for mass trapping with environmentally friendly. This review consists of the informations such as its definition, distribution areas, hosts, bioecology, damage, and controlling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Yuzuncu Yil Universitesi Journal of Agricultural Sciences (YYU J Agr Sci) is the property of Yuzuncu Yil University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Anthracnose disease in citrus occurs as dieback in shoots, spot on leaves, early leaf and fruit drop and anthracnose symptoms in fruits. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, a causal agent of anthracnose, causes severe infections in many citrus species and varieties, including lemon. Fungal pathogen C. gloeosporioides can be diagnosed by morphological, molecular methods and protein-based spectrum analyzes. This study was conducted to perform a rapid identification of C. gloeosporioides, using the LAMP technique. Specific primers for the LAMP method were designed using the computer program (Primary Primer Explorer V3) (http://primerexplorer.jp/e), with primer sets specific to each gene region (F3 / B3 and FIP / BIP) of the gene sequences of the C. gloeosporioides strain. The specificity of the primers intended for use in the LAMP reaction was evaluated by using different three isolates of C. gloeosporioides and Fs4 isolates of Fusarium solani using a total of 3 DNA samples. Genomic DNA was used in the amount of 1 ng μl-1 in the PCR study and 10 fg μl-1 in the LAMP study. As a result, C. gloeosporioides isolates glowed in tubes when examined with fluorescent dye. However, no glare was observed in the tube with F. solani. LAMP analysis showed that it successfully detected genomic DNA from C. gloeosporioides, but F. solani was unable to detect the genomic DNA obtained. After 2 hours of analysis with LAMP technique, the pathogen was detected in a short time with the successful results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Agriculture & Nature / Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım & Doğa Dergisi is the property of Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam Universitesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to determine the use of citrus pulps grown in Hatay province as an alternative feed source in ruminant feeding and methane production capacity; Dry matter (DM), pH, required pH value, Fleig Score, Crude Ash (CA), Crude Protein (CP), Ether Extract (EE), ADF, NDF, net gas, net methane gas, methane gas, metabolic energy and organic matter digestibility contents were determined. Citrus silage, with the pH values between 2.72 and 3.48 due to its low pH content can be considered as a type of silage that can be stored for a long time. In terms of methane gas production capacity of citrus silage was found between 8.17-11.23% and the lowest methane gas content was found in peeled grapefruit type citrus the highest methane content was found in unpeeled Washington type. Citrus silages can be considered as a low harmful type of silage with low capacity in terms of greenhouse gas emission due to the lower methane gas production capacity of silage species such as alfalfa and corn (16-18%). In terms of methane gas production capacity, unpeeled citrus silages are more favorable than peeled citrus silages. As a result, thousands of tons of citrus fruit pulps, which are pouring out around every year in fruit juice production facilities, can be used in animal feeding without any additives in order to reduce feed costs and prevent bad smell and environmental pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted in the Cukurova region to determine the prevalence of Citrus psorosis virus (CPsV), a citrus disease agent in orange, mandarin, and grapefruit orchards. Biological and molecular characterization of collected plant samples were also carried out and the differences between the CPsV isolates were separated by analyzing nucleotide sequences. For the identification and characterization of CPsV, isolates were collected from 50 different citrus trees showing severe barking lesions, vein banding, and oak leaf pattern symptoms on young leaves, old leaves symptoms. The leaf samples were tested by RT-PCR analysis using different primer pairs to identify the coat protein region of CPSV. For the biological indexing studies, CPsV was inoculated to Pineapple orange (Citrus sinensis) plants grown from the seed. Vein banding symptoms and shock reactions of CPsV were observed in the first growth flushes of infected indicator plants during biological indexing assays. As a result of Blast analysis, CPsV in the NCBI GenBank had 98% similarity to nucleotide sequences with corresponding regions of the reference genomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Mustafa Kemal University Journal of Agricultural Sciences / Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Mustafa Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Kumquat is a plant species of Fortunella genus in Rutaceae family and generally is the name given to the fruits that known as smallest citrus fruits of this plant. Kumquat, whose homeland is China, is a fruit with round-oval shaped, orange-yellow color. As well as kumquat has five major species, new hybrid fruits are also produced with other citrus fruits. Due to the terpenoids and flavonoids in the peel composition, it can be consumed with its peel, unlike other citrus fruits. Nutritionally, the ratio of dietary fiber and the content of iron, calcium, vitamin A, B2 and C is high. Mostly terpenoids form of the composition of kumquat essential oil and its major terpene compound is d-limonene. 3',5'-Di-C-ß glucopyranosylphloretin is the characteristic phenolic compound of the species of the kumquat. Free radical scavenging activity of kumquat is high and its antioxidant capacity is due to the high content of phenolic compound in its composition. In addition to its antifungal properties, it also has antiviral, antiatherogenic, anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects on health. Kumquat, with its nutritional and phytochemical content, is increasingly becoming in an important position in the field of food and pharmacology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the first stage of this study, albedo powders from lemon, grapefruit, citrus and mandarin were produced. The moisture, ash, pH, dietary fiber content, color, water and oil absorption, bulk and tapped density, and carr index values were determined. The pH, water absorption, oil absorption and carr index values and dietary fiber content of the samples were determined as 3.72-6.31, 178.28- 469.11%, 162.04-340.90%, 15.00-27.27%, and 45.77-61.38% respectively and significant variations were determined between the albedo samples. In the second stage, different source of albedo samples were individually added into the traditional product, commonly known as Turkish delight, at a level of 3%. The moisture, pH, density, color values and textural properties were determined in the Turkish delight samples. The reddest and the yellowest samples were found to be GAL and LAL, respectively, comparing with the control. On the other hand, the hardest samples were TAL and KL while the softness delights were MAL. In addition, sensory evaluation was performed to determine the acceptability of the samples and the results were calculated by Simple Total Weighting (SAW) method. As a result of the SAW method, it was determined that the most favored Turkish delight was the one fortified with mandarin albedo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Improving new seedless citrus varieties is currently the main aspect of citrus breeding programs for both our country and the world. Triploid plants can be recovered directly from artificial and spontaneous mutations as well as crosses between two diploid genotypes resulting from the fertilization of 2n megagametophyte or by hybridization between diploid and tetraploid parents. Thus, production of tetraploid plants which are not naturally found in citrus germplasm has a great importance in terms of seedlessness breeding studies. This study covers production of tetraploid plants for parental usage in order to improve new varieties by ploidy manipulation. Buds of Clementine 22D, W. Murcott and Moro blood orange were used as plant material and effects of colchicine treatments on production of tetraploid forms of these genotypes were investigated. In this purpose, scion buds were treated with colchicine at concentration levels of 0.0%, 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6% and 0.8% for 4, 6 and 8 hours. After treatments, survival rate (%) of plants was recorded and ploidy levels of the plants were determined by flow cytometry analysis. In addition, stomatal observations were recorded such as stomata density, length, width, size and index on the leaves of tetraploid plants in order to compare them with the observations of diploid plants. As a result of the study one tetraploid plant of Clementine 22D mandarin was recovered from the 0.4% colchicine treatment for 6 hours. Besides, mixoploid (2x+4x) forms of W. Murcott mandarin and Moro blood orange were recovered.

Copyright of Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Ege Universitesi, Ziraat Fakultesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Derim is the property of Bati Akdeniz Agricultural Research Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the study, lemon (Citrus limon) and bitter orange (Citrus aurantium) peel essential oil at different rates (control, 3% and 6%) on microbiological quality properties (mesophilic aerob bacteria, psycrophylic aerob bacteria, yeasts and molds, Enterobactericeae, Escherichia coli) of stored at 4±1°C rainbow trouts (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were examined. The analysis results in, it was found that the microbiological quality of the used essential oil ratio was affected positively. Especially; it has been determined that the lemon and bitter orange essential oils used at 6%, according to total mesophilic aerob bacteria, prolong the shelf life of rainbow trout by an average of 6 days. It has been observed that the effects of lemon and bitter orange essential oils are similar. As a result, it has been determined that lemon and bitter orange essential oils that simple, cheap and safe method, can be used to extend the rainbow trout of maintain microbiological quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Anadolu (1300-0225) is the property of Anadolu Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Effects of Common sour orange and Troyer citrange rootstocks on fruit quality properties were researched for Fina and Clemanules varieties and 64, 68, 90 Clementine types. These varieties and types grafted on Sour orange and Troyer citrange rootstocks were planted in 1996. Common sour orange and Troyer citrange affected similarly on the fruit quality of Clementine varieties and types. It could be suggested that, these rootstocks should be used for Clementine mandarin cultivars.

Some new lemon varieties and some standart lemon varieties were used as plant material in the planned project. The effects of selfing, crossing and reciprocal crossing methods on fruit set were investigated. The study was carried out in Batı Akdeniz Agricultural Research Institute’s fruit department station in 2011-2012 years. In the study, it was determined the effects of self-pollination, naturel open pollination and reciprocal pollination on fruit set of limon varieties (BATEM Pınarı, BATEM Sarısı, Interdonato, Kütdiken, Italyan Memeli, Meyer, Lamas). According to results, İtalyan Memeli lemon with 35.17% was determined the highest rate on account of percentage of fruits at harvest time.

Sanitation studies against virus and virus like diseases causing large economic losses in citrus plantations in Turkey were begun at Antalya Citrus Research Institute in 1988. As a result of the study, some virus-free grapefruit varieties (Redblush, Rio Red, Ray Ruby, Henderson, Star Ruby and Marsh Seedless) budded on Local sour orange and Troyer citrange rootstocks were planted at breeding parcel in 1995. Effects of rootstocks on fruit quality properties were investigated in these grapefruit varieties. Local sour orange and Troyer citrange affected similarly on the fruit quality of grapefruit cultivars. It could be suggested that these rootstocks could be recommended for grapefruit growing.

The citrus peels are by-product of food industry that have functional properties. Dietary fibers are a layer of this shell that is used in most products with the emergence of positive effects on human health. In this study, four different citrus albedos (orange, mandarin, lemon and grapefruit) were used. The qualitative properties of the cookie have been increased by four different types of albedos with different ratios (2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10%) replacing with cookie flour. Diameter and thickness decreased and the hardness increased in all samples due to the increase of albedo substitution. Also, L* values decreased and a* values increased depending on the increase in albedo ratio. Ash, crude fiber and total phenolic content increased due to the increase in albedo of cookies. In conclusion, it has been found that, to improve technological properties of cookies more than 5% of cookie flour should be substituted by citrus albedos. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study has been conducted for monitoring the population of Citrus mealybugs in Eastern Mediterranean Region of Turkey between 2013-2015. Four grapefruit orchards from Erdemli (Mersin), Sarıçam, Kozan and Yüreğir (Adana) were used for this study. Ten trees selected each determined orchards and main stem, branch and fruits of these trees were controlled and number of mealybug were counted every 15 days between November- December, and once a week between April- October. Citrus mealybug population on fruit reached to fırst peak point on June 19, second peak point on July 20, third peak point on August 21, and last peak point on September 19 in Sarıçam. The number of mealybug individuals was too low in winter; the low population has lasted until February 2014 in the second year of this study. Similar dates were determined with the previous year but the population was lower than the first year. Mealybug population reached to peak point on May 30 with 5.9 adults per tree, second peak point on July 10 with 7.3 adults per tree, third peak point on August 7 with 19 adult per tree, and last peak point on September 18 with 13 adults per tree in Erdemli in 2013. Second year’s population was similar to the first year but it was lower than the first year. Mealybug population on fruit reached to first peak point on June 26 with 15 individual per tree, second peak point on July 31, third peak point on August 23 (9 individual), and last peak point on September 25 with 18 individual in Kozan in 2013. Mealybugs have not been determined through 2 years in Yüreğir. Consequently, Citrus mealybugs may complete the fourth generation depending on climatic factors, also may overwinter in different stages of the fifth generation during this study were determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pectin is a polysaccharide that is widely used in food industry. It is a linear polymer of α(1,4) linked D-galacturonic acid units with varying degrees of methylation. In the present study, the extraction characterization and comparison of some physicochemical, structural and thermal properties of pectins from lemon, mandarin, orange and grapefruit citrus peels were determined. For the production of pectin, citrus peels were extracted in a solution of citric acid (pH 1) and extracted pectins were precipitated with ethanol. All pectins were high methoxylated while lemon and orange peel pectin had better gel strength and liquid holding capacity than the others. Orange peel pectin had higher thermal stability while lemon peel and grapefruit pectins had a more organized structure than the other pectins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This study was focus on identifying attranctants and repellents used in biological control to identify the volatile organic compounds VOCs emitted by healthy and infested citrus seedlings with California Red Scale (Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae)) using headspace solid-phase micro extractions (HS-SPME) combine with gas chromatography (GC). In this research we identified the chemical stimuli emanating from uninfected and infested citrus plant. We identified >80 Volatiles Organic Compounds four of these (Limonene, β-Ocimene, p-Cymene and γ- Terpinene) were increased by with California red scale infestation and four (Farnesene, β- Elemene, β-Bisabolene and Nerol) were decreased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, inheritance of polyembryony which is an important trait for citrus rootstock and seedlessness which is an important fruit character for scions was analyzed using an intergeneric hybrid population. As a result of these analyses, it was determined that while fruits from 27 out of 48 trees were all seedy, fruit collected from 7 trees were all seedless. Remaining 14 trees produced both seedy and seedless fruits. Number of fruits bearing seedy and seedless trees fitted the 1:1, 2:1 and 3:1 segregation ratios suggesting that the seedlessness is controlled by one or a few gene. When the number of embryo contained in seeds extracted from fruits was evaluated, it was determined that none of the fruits contained completely monoembryonic or completely polyembryonic seeds. It was found that all trees showed polyembryonic seeds 4% to 92% and the average polyembryony rate was 51.4%. The polyembryony rate of individuals in this population showed a normal distribution indicating that polyembryony is a quantitative trait controlled by many genes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]