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Background: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogues have been widely used in the treatment of patients with central precocious puberty (CPP) for many years. In previous studies regarding the effects of GnRH analogues therapy on body mass index (BMI), conflicting results have been obtained. In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the effects of GnRH analogues therapy on BMI in girls diagnosed with CPP. Materials and Methods: In the study, a total of 145 female patients, who were treated and followed up due to CPP between September 2016 and June 2021, were included. In the retrospective review of medical records of the patients, age at admission, height, weight, BMI and standard deviation scores (SDS), bone age, Tanner stage, serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels, luteinizing hormone (LH) levels, estradiol (E2) levels and the peak LH level in the GnRH stimulation test in the beginning and after the first year of treatment were evaluated. Results: The mean age of 145 patients with central precocious puberty in the beginning of treatment was 7.27±0.97 years, and the mean bone age was 9.12±1.10 years. At the beginning of treatment, 118 (81.38%) of the patients were at a normal weight or underweight, and 27 (18.62%) patients were overweight or obese. In terms of stages of puberty, 109 (75.17%) of the patients were Tanner stage 2, 30 (20.69%) patients were Tanner stage 3, and 6 (4.14%) patients were Tanner stage 4. While the mean BMI-SDS of all patients was 0.11±0.99 before the treatment, it increased significantly (p<0.001) by the end of the first year of treatment and was found as 0.35 ± 0.95. While the mean BMI-SDS of patients who were at a normal weight or underweight was -0.21± 0.78 before the treatment, it was found as 0.09±0.84 after the treatment (p < 0.001). The initial BMI-SDS of overweight or obese patients was 1.53±0.40, and it was found as 1.48±0.49 after the treatment (p=0.412). Conclusions: cious puberty increased the BMI-SDS in patients who were at a normal weight or underweight, but it did not cause any change in patients who were overweight or obese. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Objective: Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is a chronic, common and debilitating disease and associated with severely impaired quality of life (QoL). The main aim of this study is to explore the presence of Chronic Widespread Pain (CWP) in patients with CSU and to reveal the possible associations between CWP and CSU on the clinical features, laboratory markers and urticaria activity scores with QoL. Methods: There were assessed the 91 patients with CSU for CWP in a tertiary outpatient clinic. CWP (pain in four or more out of five bodily regions, i.e., the four quadrants and axially at least for three months) was defined in a rheumatology outpatient clinic in patients with CSU. We also analyzed the test results of anti-nuclear antibody (ANA), blood sedimentation rate, CRP (C-reactive protein), B12, total IgE, and anti-TPO. Patients were specified for their onset and duration of disease, comorbidities, the occurrence of angioedema and history of atopy, and nocturnal pruritus with disturbed sleep. Patients disease activity were detected by the urticaria control test (UCT), urticaria activity score (UAS) and visual analog scale of physician and patient's global assessment. Furthermore, patients completed a questionnaire to assess the quality of life (QoL) for dermatologic diseases. Results: 91 patients with CSU assigned for CWP, 23 (25.3%) were positive. CWP + patients with CSU had significantly higher physician global assessment score (p=0.003), Patients global assessment score (p=0.005), UAS (p=0.046), dermatologic QoL (p<0.001) and lower UCT (p=0.005) scores. Nine of 23 CWP + patients had asthma (39.1%) as a comorbidity (p=0.008). Conclusion: The presence of CWP in patients with urticaria may have a negative impact on the quality of life of the patients and disease scores. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acromegaly is a chronic disease characterized by the elevated growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels. Treatment options for acromegaly are surgery, radiotherapy and medical treatments. Somatostatin analogues, dopamine agonists and pegvisomant are the options for medical treatment. Pegvisomant is a GH receptor antagonist that shows its effect by blocking GH receptor dimerization and the intracellular pathways required for the release of IGF-1. Pegvisomant is used as a third line treatment option, if biochemical improvement cannot be achieved despite surgery and maximum doses of other medical treatments. In this review, we will present acromegaly patients who recieved pegvisomant in our clinic, in light of the current literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study scopes the purification of alkaline phosphatase enzyme extracted from the liver and the investigation of kinetic properties for the reactions with and without inhibitor. Michaelis Menten and Lineweaver Burk graphs were drawn by means of experimental results. Km and Vmax values were calculated from these graphics. According to these values, substrate affinity (Km) and maximum velocity (Vmax) values were determined. Values without inhibitor; Km= 0,047 Vmax=24,87; with urea inhibitor Km= 0,054 Vmax=20,83 ; with creatinin inhibitor Km= 0,037 Vmax=20,83. The experiments were repeated with inhibitory substance and inhibition type was established. How high blood urea and creatinine levels affected alkaline phosphatase activity were determined. In this study, urea was found to cause noncompetetive inhibition and creatinine to cause uncompetetive inhibition on liver ALP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recurrent oral aphthosis (ROA) is the most common cause of oral ulceration. The etiology is still not well understood, although local and systemic conditions, genetic, immunological and microbial factors play a role in the pathogenesis. The aim of the treatment is to control pain, accelerate the healing and prevent recurrences. The mainstay of treatment is topical therapy with anesthetics, antiseptics, anti-inflammatories, tetracyclines, sucralfate or steroids. Nevertheless, topical treatments may not always adequate or if there are major ulcers or persistent ulcers, systemic therapy is required. The main agents used in the treatment are systemic steroids, colchicine, pentoxifylline, thalidomide, dapsone, azathioprine, and methotrexate. In recent years, anti-TNF-alpha biological agents had been used for therapy and found to be effective. (Turk derm 2012; 46 Suppl 2: 123-9) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Use of activated prothrombin complex concentrate (aPCC) and recombinant factor VIIa (rFVIIa) is indicated for the treatment and prophylaxis of hemophiliac patients who has developed inhibitors. rFVIIa is an off labeled drug for prophylaxis in Turkey and not covered by health insurance. In this manuscript, the efficacy and dosage for aPCC prophylaxis were evaluated. During the aPCC prophylaxis, bleeding did not occur in any of the three cases. However, two patients developed recurrent bleeding attacks after the prophylaxis ceased. Therefore, we suggest that prophylaxis by aPCC should be prolonged to prevent recurrent bleeding attacks in hemophiliacs who developed inhibitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Design: Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors may cause different adverse cutaneous reactions including acneiform (pustular, papulopustular) eruption. Rarely, other specific targeted cancer therapy agents may cause similar pustular eruptions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the adverse skin reactions, mainly acneiform eruptions caused by thesechemotherapeutic agents. Material and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the data of 23 patients who developed acneiform eruption due to chemotherapeutic agents between May 2007 and April 2011. The drugs causing acneiform eruption, clinical features of eruption, other associated dermatologic adverse reactions and the treatment modalities used for the acneiform reaction were noted. Results: EGFR inhibitors such as erlotinib and cetuximab were the main drugs causing acneiform eruption in 21 patients. Everolimus and bevacizumab in combination with irinotecan were responsible in two patients. The eruption occurred on the face in all patients. The trunk, neck and the scalp were other affected body parts in some patients. The periorbital area on the face was generally spared. Xerosis and paronychia were the main associated adverse cutaneous reactions. Trichomegaly was another finding in two patients. The patients, who could have been followed, responded to topical or systemic antibiotics, or some medications for acne vulgaris/rosacea. Chemotherapy could be continued in all patients. Conclusion: Dermatologists need to know the specific eruptions occurring with chemotherapy drugs, especially EGFR inhibitors in order to develop the best approach without discontinuation of cancer therapy. Acneiform eruptions due to chemotherapeutics are most commonly seen on the face sparing periorbital area. Other reactions including mainly xerosis, paronychia and trichomegaly can also occur. (Turkderm 2012; 46: 84-9) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, transesterification activity of sunflower oil with methanol was tested over Amberlyst A-21 (A-21) and Amberlyst A-26 (A-26) type ion exchange resins which have high Hammett basic strength. Transesterification reactions were carried out in a three necked batch reactor at operating temperatures of 40 to 55°C, methanol-oil initial molar ratio of 3:1 to 6:1 and 1% to 5% (of oil) weight percentages of catalysts. A-26 catalyst was determined to be more active than A-21, with a % 91 conversion at 50°C and 6:1 methanol-oil initial molar ratio. % 88 conversion was achieved with the same reaction conditions over A-21 catalyst. Experiments were designed by using Box-Wilson experimental design method. Experimental results were analyzed by using "Design Expert 8.0.6.1" program. Mass transfer limitations was not significant. An increase in temperature and initial molar ratio of reactants caused an increase in biodiesel conversion. Hammett basic strength of these two catalysts were found as H&lowbar;>9.8. Swelling behaviour of the polymeric structured catalysts was measured %100 at all reaction temperatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vanadium (V), molybdenum (Mo) and niobium (Nb) incorporated MCF ("Mesocellular Silica Foams") supported catalysts were prepared by direct hydrothermal (V-Mo-Nb-MCF) and impregnation (V-Mo- Nb@MCF) methods for oxidative dehydrogenation of propane (ODHP) to produce propylene. Also, different amounts of V (V/Si mole ratios: 0.031, 0.062, 0.124) incorporated MCF supported V-MCF catalysts were synthesized by direct hydrothermal method and tested for ODHP reaction. The XRD patterns of V-MCF and VMo- Nb-MCF catalysts showed that there was no peak corresponding to V, Mo and Nb metals at high 2θ region. MoO3 peak was observed in the XRD pattern of V-Mo-Nb@MCF catalyst prepared by the impregnation method. BET surface areas of the catalysts synthesized by hydrothermal method (664-996 m²/g) were found to be higher than the surface area of the catalyst prepared by impregnation method (270 m²/g). Using Mo and Nb metals together with V in the V-Mo-Nb@MCF catalyst prepared by impregnation increased propane conversion (up to 12%) and decreased propylene selectivity on ODHP catalytic test studies (550°C; O2/C3H8/He:3/6/21) in the fixed bed reactor system. The propane conversion value of V-Mo-Nb-MCF catalysts synthesized by hydrothermal route was low while the propylene selectivity (81%) of this catalyst was found to be significantly high. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inhibitor usage is one of the most significant method that is used to combat with corrosion. The effective inhibitors have been determined by trying special chemicals during the corrosion researches. The purpose of this study is to search thoroughly the effect of the solution-gained by nut shell which does not supply economically great benefits to the corrosion of low carbon steel plate in the %5 NaCl solution. Inhibitor activity of nut shell has been calculated by one of the corrosion measurement method named gravimetric method. Low carbon steel plate in the % 5 NaCl solution was determined as less corroded, which depends on the concentration of nut shell extract. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carotenoids, which can not be synthesized by mammals, are fat-soluble antioxidant pigments. Antioxidant and vitamin A activity of carotenoids are the most important functions depending on consumption and absorption, transport, metabolic reactions in the body and the storage introduce functional benefits on visual, cancer and heart diseases. Carotenoid bioavailability is defined as the ratio of absorbed and used carotenoids in the body. Factors affecting the bioavailability of carotenoids are the physical and biochemical characteristics of carotenoids, metabolic reactions, carotenoid types and isomers, various food processes that affect food matrix, dietary factors including fiber and fat, aging, hormonal and genetic factors. This study focused on the structure and stability of carotenoids, methods used to determine bioavailability of carotenoids and the factors affecting bioavailability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Almost 200 million tons of organic wastes are generated in the world (FAOSTAT). As in the past these wastes often have been dumped without any treatment or used as fuel, animal feed or fertilizer. Recently, new methods and policies for waste treatment have been introduced. This may be due to the increasing necessity for prevention of environmental pollution as well as for economical reasons and the need to conserve energy and raw materials. Plants extracts contain compounds such as lipids, phytochemicals, bioactive compounds, flavors, pharmaceutics, fragrances and pigments. They are widely used in the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries. Traditional methods, which have been used for many decades, are very time consuming and require relatively large quantities of solvents (1). Polyphenols have antioxidant activity because of their easily oxidizing characteristics. Oxidization with being one of the main reactions for the degradation of oils also cause decreased self life and nutritive value of foods. There is an increasing demand for new extraction techniques. The purpose of this review is to highlight the potential applications of ultrasound assisted extraction techniques using by-products as a source of functional compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Apium graveolens Linn. (Apiaceae), grows widely in the foothills of North-Western Himalayas and the outlying hills of Punjab, Himachal Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh. Celery (Apium graveolens) is one of the most well known plants used in the history of mankind as a medicament or spice. Celery seeds are reported to possess carminative, diuretic aphrodisiac, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic properties. Celery seeds have been used for medicinal purposes as rheumatoid arthritis, bronchitis, dropsy and asthma. Because of essential oils have been discovered to have many functional properties such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer activities, many research groups are focusing their investigation in the pharmacological actions. Free radicals, which have one or more uncoupled electrons, are produced in normal or pathological cell metabolism. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are various forms of activated oxygen which including superoxide anion radicals (O2 . -) and hydroxyl radicals (·OH) as well as non-free radical species hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and the singlet oxygen (¹O2 ). The generation of ROS beyond the antioxidant capacity of a biological system gives rise to oxidative stress. Free radical oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a variety of human diseases such as atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, inflammation and cancer. The present study was designed to determine chemical composition and in vitro antioxidant activity of the essential oil, obtained by using a Clevenger distillation apparatus of Apium graveolens Linn. (Apiaceae) seeds. The antioxidant activities were determined by using four complementary in vitro assays; inhibition of oxygen radicals such as hydroxyl and superoxide radicals, hydrogen peroxide and stable free radical 2,2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical. The chemical composition of the essential oil from celery seeds was analyzed by GC-MS and resulted in the identification of 19 compounds, representing 96.54% of the total oil; d-limonene (87.10%), α- terpinolene (2.87%), 2-α-pinene (1.55%) and pcymen (1.19%) were the major components. It was determined that essential oil of Apium graveolens Linn. (Apiaceae) seeds, scavenging hydroxyl radicals (·OH) generated by Fe3+-ascorbate- EDTA-H2O2 system. Hydroxyl radical scavenging activity of essential oil greater than BHT and curcumin, which used positive standarts. Because the ascorbic acid was in a experiment of hydroxyl radical environment, it was not used as a positive standard in hydroxyl radical scavenging inhibition. Curcumin's hydroxyl radical scavenging activity have greater than BHT. Essential oil and positive standards have been found to scavenged superoxide radicals (O2 . -) generated by a xanthine and xanthine oxidase system.… [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lallemantia canescens (L) Fisch & Mey has spread out in wide location of Armenia, Azerbaijan, Iran and Turkey. The aim of the present work was to assay the antioxidant activities of fresh Lallemantia canescens and methanol extract, in addition in vitro callus tissue culture and callus tissue culture methanol extracts of Lallemantia canescens. BHT, curcumin and ascorbic acid was used as positive standards. It was determined that all the Lallemantia canescens examples scavenge hydroxyl radicals (·OH) generated by Fe3+-ascorbate-EDTA-H2O2 system. When the examples hydroxyl radical scavenging properties were examined based on IC50 which scavenging concentration %50 of the hydroxyl radical, it was found that decreases as plant methanol extract> fresh plant>callus tissue culture>callus tissue culture methanol extract respectively. It was seen that all examples had lower hydroxyl radical scavenging properties than the curcumin being used as a positive control. Whereas the other positive control BHT was found to have a lower hydroxyl radical scavenging properties than the fresh plant and plant methanol extract, but a higher scavenging property than the callus tissue culture and callus tissue culture methanol extract. Because the askorbic acid was in a experiment of hydroxyl radical environment, it was not used as a positive standard in hydroxyl radical scavenging inhibition When the DPPH radicals reducing properties were examined based on the IC50 values it was found that all the Lallemantia canescens examples reduced the stable free radical 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH); plant methanol extract>fresh plant>callus tissue culture methanol extract>kallus tissue culture, respectively. It was seen that the ascorbic acid which of the positive control, has a higher DPPH radical reducing activity than all the examples. Curcumin had a higher than all examples except plant methanol extract whereas BHT had a lower than all examples except for the callus tissue culture, DPPH radical reducing properties. Plant methanol extract and callus tissue culture methanol extract have been found to both scavenged superoxide radicals (O2- ) generated by a xanthine and xanthine oxidase system and Fe(II) induced lipid peroxidation in rat liver homogenates, as indicated by decreased thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) formation.… [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]