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Village Institutes were educational institutions in Türkiye that were structured in line with the educational, economic, social and political needs of the period. They constituted an important dimension of the works carried out to develop the country economically propagate the newly founded republic and its basic principles to the public. These institutions aimed to train well-equipped village teachers to develop the villages and the villagers in every aspect. The teachers who graduated from these institutions also shouldered the task of strengthening the bond between the village and the villagers and the state and the republic. The curriculum that determined the education process of the Village Institutes was first put into practice in 1943. Educational activities were carried out in line with the "education in work, education for work, education with work" principle. The students were active and educational activities were done holistically in these institutions. Furthermore, the students had the opportunity to apply the knowledge they had learned in the culture courses for themselves and in the agriculture courses through technical courses. However, in these educational institutions, the curriculum diverged partially from this aforementioned main principle after 1947. In the 1947 curriculum, which was revised in line with the criticisms made for the 1943 program, the agriculture and technical courses were reduced, and the culture courses were increased. With the 1953 Teacher Training Schools and Village Institutes curriculum, the five-year education increased to six years and the technical and agricultural courses were greatly reduced. Since the Village Institutes were closed in 1954, this curriculum could not be implemented for a long time. For this reason, it would not be wrong to state that the 1943 curriculum was the curriculum which that was developed and implemented in such a way as to fully meet the basic aims and principles of the Village Institutes.

Aim:Primary care physicians need to be aware of the types of traditional and complementary medicine (TCM) used by patients to be able to guide patients away from harmful approaches and to aim them toward useful or at least seeming benign approaches. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of the usage of TCM methods in Turkey and the level of knowledge and attitudes of applicants about these methods.Methods:The universe of this cross-sectional study consisted of individuals aged 18 and over who applied to the Family Health Centers and agreed to participate in the study in 12 provinces in different regions of Turkey between July and December 2016. The questionnaires were applied to the volunteer participants by the researchers using face-to-face interview techniques. The questionnaire had 25 questions.Results:80.6% of the participants benefited from TCM, and 86.4% stated they believed in the effectiveness of TCM. Women, university graduates of college who had private insurance used TCM (respectively; p=0.031; p=0.004; p=0.000), and women (83.3%) found TCM more useful than men (p=0.005). The most frequent reason for using TCM was “heard that it was useful”.Conclusion:The results of our study indicated that a large portion of Turkish primary care patients use TCM and recommend it to their relatives. Therefore, health policies and academic knowledge should be developed in this sense.

Objective: This study investigates the effect of convalescent plasma (CP) addition to the standard treatment on mortality in critical coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) patients. Materials and Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted by evaluating the data of 255 critical COVID-19 patients in Marmara University Medical Faculty Hospital, Pandemic Intensive Care Unit (ICU), between April and November 2020. Results: The patients were divided into two groups, a control group that received standard treatment (153; 60.0%) versus a second group that received CP in addition to standard treatment (102; 40.0%). The ICU mortality rate was found to be lower (p

The paradigm shift in the understanding of public administration has brought some changes in disaster management as well. Instead of a command-control-based centralized and bureaucratic disaster management approach that requires bureaucratic expertise, a multi-actor and solidarist disaster management approach, in which authorities and responsibilities are not constructed from top to bottom, has gained weight. In this context, it was determined as the problem of the research that "determining which of the centralist/bureaucratic disaster management and multi-actor/solidarity disaster management models are mainly applied in disaster management policies", and in this context, "decision-making authority and implementation responsibility regarding disaster management are central government, local governments and how is it shared among non-governmental organizations?”. The answer to this question has been sought. The research includes the analysis of the 2020 Aegean Sea Earthquake, which was recorded as the deadliest earthquake among the earthquakes that occurred in the world in 2020, in the form of content analysis with the MAXQDA Analytics Pro 20 program, which is used in the analysis of qualitative and mixed methods. The data used in the research: 30-31 October and 1 November belonging to the official Twitter accounts of the Izmir Governor's Office and the Disaster and Emergency Management Presidency within the scope of the central government, and AKUT and IHH Humanitarian Relief Foundation within the scope of the non-governmental organizations of the Izmir Metropolitan Municipality and Seferihisar Municipality within the scope of local administrations. It includes posts from 2020. As a result of the research, it has been concluded that the multi-actor/solidarist disaster management approach is included in the policy documents, but in the event of a disaster, the authority and responsibility are mainly carried out under the control of the central government.

In this study, AFT (Air Flow Through) cooling method, which is one of the module level cooling methods of printed circuit boards with high power consuming electronic components, is investigated. This method for cooling electronic components was designed based on the ANSI/VITA 48.8-2017 standard and has been successfully implemented. The plug-in module, which serves as a heat sink, is suitable for a 3U (100*1600mm) form factor. Within the scope of the study, plate-type fins with rectangular cross-section were used. The purpose is to observe the effects of different fin heights due to the use of different pitches on the cooling performance and flow dynamics of the module. In this context, three-dimensional numerical analysis studies were carried out using the FLOEFD package program. The changes in the thermal resistance, pressure drop and average Nusselt number of the module are analyzed under three different fin heights. Experimental studies were carried out to validate the numerical model on which the analyses were performed. Air at 25°C inlet temperature and 1900 ≤ Re ≤ 11700 was used at the air inlet side of the module under a continuous heat load of 100 W. As a result, it was found that the extra heat transfer area provided by increasing the fin height on the module contributed positively to the thermal performance of the module. At the same inlet velocities, 43% lower surface temperature was obtained on the module surface with 1,5 inch pitch. The difference between the data obtained from the experimental studies and the numerical simulation results varied between 5.9% and 10%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Interdisciplinary Educational Research / Disiplinlerarası Eğitim Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of Interdisciplinary Education & Research Association / Disiplinlerarasi Egitim ve Arastirma Dernegi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Osmanlı dönemi hukukçularından Zeynelabidinzâde Ebu’l-Fazl Seyyid Mehmed Nesîb Bey Suriye/Humus’ta doğup İstanbul’da vefat etmiştir. Osmanlı Devleti mahkemelerinde hakimlik, Dârü’l-Funûn Hukuk Fakültesinde müderrislik ve Dâru’l-Hikmeti’l-İslâmiye’de üyelik gibi pek çok vazifede bulunmuş, hukuk alanında Fıkh-ı Hanefî’nin Esasâtı ve Kıyâs ve Deyne Müte‘allik Mesâil, Daman-ı Menfa‘at Meselesinde Hanefiyye ile Şafi‘iyyenin Münazara-i İçtihadiyesi ve Müçtehidîn-i Hanefîyeden Kemal İbn-i Hümâm’ın Galebe-i Gasıbda Menafi‘in Ale’l-ıtlak Mazmûniyeti İle İftânın Lüzûmu Hakkındaki Kavl gibi kitap ve makaleler yazmıştır. Mehmed Nesîb Bey’in Mecelle’nin Islahına Doğru makalesi, Hukuk Fakültesi Mecmuası’nın 1. Sene Rumi Eylül 1332, Hicri Zilka’de 1334, Miladi Eylül 1916 Salı günü tarihli Hukuk-i Medeniye Tedkîkâtı bölümü altında yayımlanmıştır. Makalede, Mecelle’de ele alınan muamelat konularının kısmen tahlili yapılmakta, örfün muamelat hükümlerine tesiri üzerinde durulmaktadır. Makale, şartlı satım akdi konusunda ayrıntıya gidilmekte kısmen de faiz meselesi hakkında İslam hukukçularının neden farklı kanaatlere sahip olduklarına yer verilmektedir. Makale, Mecelle’ye olan ihtiyacı ortaya koymakla beraber, hukukçuların Mecelle üzerinde ıslah ve olgunlaştırma çalışmalarında bulunması gereğine de işaret etmektedir. Makale, her ne kadar Mecelle’nin daha fonksiyonel bir yapıya sahip olması amacıyla kaleme alındığı izlenimini vermekte ise de aslında İslam hukukunda ca’li şartlar olarak da bilinen satım akdinde ileri sürülen ilave şart veya şartların geçerli olup olmaması üzerine odaklanmaktadır. Makalede Mehmed Nesîb Bey’in hayatı ve eserlerine yer verildikten sonra Mecelle’nin yapısına ve ıslahına yönelik çalışmalara değinilerek makalede ele alınan konular hukuki açıdan tahlil edilecektir.

Copyright of Journal of Textiles & Engineers / Tekstil ve Mühendis is the property of Union of Chambers of Turkish Engineers & Architects, Chamber of Textile Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The importance of fossil fuels has increased with the use of steam energy in industry. But especially in recent days, the problem of global warming is being felt seriously in the world. The most important reason for this problem is harmful emissions caused by burning fossil fuels. The world has turned to various alternative energy sources in order to eliminate this problem. Interest in PEM fuel cells, which are among alternative the energy converters, has been increasing. In this study, the effect of stoichiometry ratio on the performance of two-cell PEM fuel cell stack was analyzed numerically. Two fuel cells each with an active area of 5.4 cm2 were connected in series, and the gas flow channels were determined in parallel and stacked. Numerical analysis was performed with five different stoichiometry ratios (1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, and 3.5) at various cell voltage values (1 V, 1.2 V, 1.4 V, 1.6 V, 1.8 V). Polarization and power-current density curves were obtained for five different stoichiometry ratio values. In addition, in order to see the effect of the stoichiometry ratio on a constant voltage, temperature distribution of the membrane, the anode and the cathode mass fraction distributions formed by four different stoichiometric ratios at 1 Volt, where the maximum amount of power is obtained. With this study, it was observed that current density increased with the improvement in the stoichiometric ratio and the amount of this increment continued to decrease. The highest power value was obtained at the stoichiometric ratio of 3.5 and 1 V potential difference value. However, with the increasing stoichiometric ratio, it was concluded that hydrogen and oxygen distributions became more homogeneous in the anode and cathode channels while a limited increase in membrane temperature occurred.

The aim of this study was to determine the beliefs and care burdens of mentally ill people who caregivers for schizophrenic patients registered in the community mental health center. The sample of the study consisted of caregivers of 218 schizophrenic patients registered in Keçiören and Etimesgut Community Mental Health Centers in Ankara. Data were collected with socio-demographic information form, Beliefs towards Mental Illness Scale and Perceived Family Burden Scale at April-September 2018. 63.3% of the caregivers are women, the mean age is 50.31±11.74. As the score obtained from Beliefs Towards Mental Illness Scale increases, the score derived from the Perceived Family Burden Scale also increases. Both scale scores of the caregivers for the schizophrenic patients who regularly visit to the center were found to be significantly lower than those who caregivers for patients who not visit. As the frequency of schizophrenia patients visit to the community mental health center increases, the satisfaction level of the caregivers increases with the services of the center. AS a conclusion, the care burden is affected by caregivers beliefs about the disease. Regular participation of schizophrenic patients to the service provided at community mental health centers contributes to the positive change of caregivers' beliefs about the disease and the reduction of the perceived care burden.

This study examines the movie “The Intern” in terms of changing life roles of older people. Document analysis, one of qualitative research techniques, was used in the study. The analysis included two categories; developmental factors based on Super’s life-span life-space approach and the factors related to retirement satisfaction. At developmental factors, two sub categories, life stages and theaters-life roles were obtained. Firstly, under life stages, some examples related to disengagement stage and to mini cycle which experienced in this stage were observed in the film. Besides, theaters and life roles pointed work, home, and leisurite roles, mostly. The factors related to retirement satisfaction were grouped under four sub-categories; individual, job, socio-economic and family factors. When the findings were reviewed context to the literature, it was observed that the findings supported the literature regarding career development of older people and they can be used as a source to provide psychological support services to older adults as well as in counseling education.

In this study, a new approximate analytical method is presented to determine the pressure drop in non-Newtonian (Power-Law) flow of concentric annuli of fluids, which is one of the main problems of rheodynamics. In this method, considering the results of Fredrickson & Bird (1958) and Hanks & Larsen (1979), the formula that analytically determines the coordinates of the region where the Power-Law flow profile has maximum flow velocity in annuli is proposed. The proposed analytical formula has been found to be valid across the entire change range (n = 0… ∞) of the parameters of the Power-Law rheological model. It is shown with the graphics that the results obtained accord with the data presented in the literature. It is emphasized that the proposed formula will also contribute significantly to the solutions of hydrodynamic, heat and mass transfer problems in different disciplines.

Forest fire management organizations require accurate, timely and readily available information to be successful in forest fire suppression. A sound decision support system is necessary to acquire and make this information available to fire management organization. In this study, the framework, structure and hierarchy of a Decision Support System (DSS) was designed in forest fire management organization and planning in Turkey. DSS consists of four subsystems which can operate individually or collectively. These subsystems are; i) Fire Information System; a smart database for fire managers to input, store, update and manage data easily, ii) Fire Occurrence Prediction System; forest fire risk and danger determiner using constant environmental variables iii) Fire Weather Index System; fire weather index calculator for the ignition potential of fuels, potential rate of spread and fire intensity, iv) Fire Behavior Prediction System; fire propagation simulator for predicting fire behavior under varying weather, fuel and topographic conditions. When readily available for operational use, the DSS will have the potential to provide fire managers with tools and support necessary for successful fire prevention/presuppression, suppression and post fire management planning.

This study was conducted to determine the measures taken and tried to be taken by Şanlıurfa Metropolitan Municipality for the protection of common areas where everyone can freely enter and use and where consumption by users cannot be prevented. Case study, one of the qualitative research designs, was used in the study. The sample group of the study consists of senior managers authorized to make decisions in Şanlıurfa Metropolitan Municipality. Within the scope of the research, interviews were conducted with senior managers in Şanlıurfa Metropolitan Municipality. The data obtained from the interviews were analyzed in MAXQDA qualitative data analysis program. As a result of the study, it is understood that Şanlıurfa Metropolitan Municipality utilizes municipal personnel to a great extent in protecting common areas. In addition, on the one hand, it is emphasized that Şanlıurfa Metropolitan Municipality does not take clear deterrent measures for the protection of common areas, and on the other hand, the loss of importance of the rules of etiquette today compared to the past is seen as the reason for the destruction of common areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ege Journal of Medicine is the property of Ege University, Faculty of Medicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this study, four basic concepts in geography are discussed. The concepts that are the subject of the study are space, place, landscape, and region. The concepts have been examined and defined in a relational way with each other. In other words, the concepts are not analyzed in isolation from each other. These concepts have an important place in almost all sub-disciplines of geography. In particular, space and place are the two most important concepts that form the basis of the geographical perspective. In the geographical discipline, phenomena are handled and analyzed with the dimensions of space and place. In addition to space and place, the concepts of landscape and region are two other important ones in geography. Although not seen as important as space and place, these concepts have an important place in some sub-disciplines. Landscape has an important place in cultural geography, rural geography, and urban geography. In fact, landscape was the dominant concept in the classical cultural geography paradigm. The concept of region also has a wide range of uses in geography and was the main paradigm of the geographical discipline in the first half of the 20th century. In addition, the concept of region is addressed with different phenomena within political geography, geopolitics, economic geography and environmental geography. Throughout the study, it is aimed at reaching robust analysis and synthesis by addressing these four basic concepts in a relational manner from different perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indoor paths conveyed to pedestrians should align with their spatial cognition for a successful wayfinding experience. In this respect, indoor paths and navigation patterns of pedestrians should be geometrically similar. In this study, four navigation networks frequently used in the literature were created for the study area. Then, various geometric similarity measures were calculated for the indoor paths and navigation patterns of the pedestrians. The geometric similarity measures were weighted with the Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (FAHP) method, and the indoor paths and the navigation patterns of pedestrians were compared with the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method in terms of geometric similarity. According to the findings of the experimental study, the Middle Point Relation Structure Segment Entrance (MPRSSE) navigation network was found to be the most similar to navigation patterns of pedestrians for the study area. The MPRSSE navigation network was followed by the Medial Axis Transform (MAT) based navigation network and the Grid based navigation network, respectively. The visibility partitioning-based Universal Circulation Network (UCN) navigation network, which was found to be the most suitable for path length and number of turns criteria in the literature, fell behind in terms of geometric similarity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Saglik Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi is the property of Celal Bayar University Health Sciences Institute Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The fact that the industrial factor progresses to the point where the fossil energy sources such as petroleum natural gas, which constitute a large part of human’s energy needs, move to the point of decreasing and exhausting day by day, and the increasing damage caused by the resources used for energy production leads the scientists to alternative energy sources. Fuel oil application, one of these alternative energy sources, draws attention. In this study, PEM fuel cell stack is analyzed by numerically. Two PEM fuel cells are turned into stack, each of which has 5.4 cm2 active area, by connecting in series. Reactants of anode and cathode flow direction is preferred parallel. PEM fuel cells are accepted as operating conditions of 70oC and 1 atm. Power values of this designed stack is calculated and presented in the study. Electrical power values of one and two PEMFCs are presented in graphics.

Ibn Sina, indubitably one of the most essential philosophers of Islamic Philosophy, constructed a new account of time independently of Aristotle’s system, despite the major Aristotelian impact on his time. Whilst doing this in his book Kitab Al-Shifa, Ibn Sina also gave a proof for the reality of time based on certain notions such as motion, speed, spatial magnitude, and the capacity he calls “imkan” which is a divisible magnitude, possessing before and after essentially; and how “time” is required in order for these notions to gain meaning.The question concerning the reality of time has attracted great attention from contemporary philosophers as well. J. Ellis McTaggart argued time to be an illusion in his highly controversial yet influential article “The Unreality of Time”. In this article and in his book The Nature of Existence McTaggart claimed that time is unreal on the basis that our descriptions of time are either circular, contradictory or insufficient. McTaggart constructed his disproof on two different ways to cite positions in time; one being the “A-series”, which identifies time as past, present and future moments, and the other being the “B-series”, which basically identifies time as earlier and later moments.This study aims at answering the question whether the temporal system presented by Ibn Sina is compatible with McTaggart’s B-theory of time or not. Keywords: Ibn Sina, Time, Spatial Magnitude, Imkan, Motion, McTaggart, B-series

Demokrasinin var olan alternatifler içerisindeki en iyi siyasal sistem olarak kabul edilmesinin ardından Dünya’nın pek çok bölgesini etkisi altına alan demokratikleşme dalgaları birbiri ardına yaşanmıştır. Demokratikleşme literatüründe belki de son yirmi yıldır en çok tartışılan konu ise Müslüman Dünya olarak da anılan Orta Doğu ve Kuzey Afrika’nın bu dalgalardan etkilenmemiş olması ve bölgede gerçek bir demokratikleşmenin yaşanmamış olmasıdır. Müslüman Dünya’daki demokrasi açığını ve bunun altında yatan nedenleri tartışmaya açan literatüre katkıda bulunmayı hedefleyen bu çalışma, Dünya Değerler Araştırması’nın World Values Survey altıncı dalga verisini kullanarak, farklı bölgelerdeki bireylerin demokrasiden anladıklarını karşılaştırmaktadır. Çalışmanın bu konuya odaklanmasının ana nedeni ise şimdiye kadar konu üzerine yapılan çalışmaların neredeyse tamamının bölge halkının demokrasiyi desteklediği/önemli gördüğü sonucuna ulaşmış olmasına rağmen bölgede hatırısayılır bir değişimin yaşanmamış olmasıdır. Öyleyse sorulması gereken önemli sorulardan biri; acaba bölge halkı demokrasi derken neyi/nasıl bir yönetim şeklini kast etmektedir. Bahsi geçen veri setinde demokrasinin tanımlanmış dokuz farklı özelliği sıralanmakta –gelir eşitliği, ordunun ve dini otoritelerin rolü, yurttaşlık hakları, kadın erkek eşitliği vb.- ve görüşmecilere bu özelliklerden herbirini ne kadar gerekli gördükleri sorulmaktadır. Bu çalışmada hangi özelliklerin hangi bölgelerde daha gerekli görüldüğü üzerinden yapılan karşılaştırmada farklı bölgelerdeki bireylerin demokrasiyi hangi motivasyonlarla tercih ettikleri, önemli gördükleri anlaşılmaya çalışılmaktadır. Bu bağlamda, dünyada demokratikleşmenin rol modeli olarak kabul edilen Batı demokrasileri ile demorasi açığı en ciddi boyutta olan bölgesi olarak kabul edilen Müslüman Dünya karşılaştırılırken aynı zamanda literatürde çeşitli kereler dikkat çekilmiş olan Arap-Arap olmayan Müslüman ülkeler farkına da değinilmekte ve bu iki bölge ayrı ayrı ele alınmaktadır. Analizler göstermektedir ki, tüm bölgelerde önemli görülen özelliklerin yanı sıra bölgeleri ayrıştıran çok önemli faktörler de mevcuttur. Örneğin, “hükümetler yetersiz kaldığında ordunun gücü devralması” Batı ile Müslüman Dünya’yı birbirinden net bir biçimde ayırırken –bu Batı demokrasilerinde kabul edilemez bir durumdur-, “devletin gelir eşitliği sağlaması” Arap Müslüman ülkeler ile Arap olmayan Müslüman ülkeleri belirgin bir biçimde ayrıştırmaktadır –ikinci grup tarafından son derece gerekli bir özellik olarak görülmektedir.

Pine processionary moth (Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Den. & Schiff.) / Thaumetopoea wilkinsoni (Tams)) is an oligofag defoliator in pine forests. In this study, the structure of egg batches, number of eggs, egg-laying patterns and egg hatching rates of the insect were investigated. A total of 841 egg-batches were collected from different calabrian pine [Pinus brutia (Tenore)] forests located in 11 provinces in Turkey. The average number of eggs in these sites was 194,7, the average rate of hatching was 63,7%. The average number of eggs at the low, middle and high elevations were found to be 183,7, 197,8 and 214,6; and the rate of hatching were 60,1%, 67,6% and 71,9%, respectively. The average number of eggs collected in lower, middle and upper parts of tree crowns were 185,8, 167,0 and 201,7 (mean=184,8); and the rate of hatching was 67,0%, 64,7% and 69,3% (mean=66,9%), respectively. Results indicated small differences in the number of eggs and hatching rate in relation to the position in crown and elevation, however, except for the distance to needle sheath in relation to elevation, the differences were not statistically significant at 95% significance level (p

Ökse otları herdem yeşil, yarı parazit angiosperm bitkileridir. Ağaçların dal ve gövde gibi kısımların da haustorium adı verilen kök benzeri yapılarını kullanarak konukçusunun ksilemine nüfuz ederler. Bu sayede konukçunun topraktan aldığı su ve mineral maddelerini alarak kendi fotosentezlerini yapabilmektedirler. Ökse otları konukçusu olduğu ağaçlarda önemli morfolojik ve anatomik değişikliklere sebep olurlar. Bu çalışmanın amacı; Viscum album L. subsp. austriacum (Wiesb.) Vollman (çam ökse otu)’un Pinus sylvestris L. (Sarıçam)’in odun elemanları üzerine olan etkilerinin nicel olarak belirlenmesidir. Bu amaçla Gümüşhane ili, Torul Orman İşletme Müdürlüğü sınırları içinde, Sarıçam’ın doğal yayılış gösterdiği ormanlık alanlardan çam ökse otu bulaşmış ve bulaşmamış toplam 20 adet ağaç (5 kontrol, 15 bulaşık) belirlenmiştir. Belirlenen bu ağaçların gövdelerinden alınan odun disklerinden enine, boyuna radyal ve boyuna teğetsel yönde kesitler alınmış ve gerekli preparasyon işlemleri yapılmıştır. Hazırlanan daimi preparatlar üzerinde odun örneklerine ait anatomik parametrelere ilişkin; ilkbahar ve yaz odunu boyuna traheit çift çeper kalınlıkları, ilkbahar ve yaz odunu boyuna traheit lümen (alanları, teğet çapları ve radyal çapları), özışını (genişlikleri, yükseklikleri ve 1 mm’deki sayıları), 1 mm2’deki boyuna traheit sayıları ve boyuna traheit uzunluklarına ilişkin ölçüm ve sayımlar yapılmıştır. Ölçümler foto mikroskoba bağlı görüntü analiz sistemi yardımıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ölçülen özellikler arasında kontrol örneklerine kıyasla bulaşık olan örneklerde, anatomik parametrelerde %18,46 ile %81,68 arasında bir değişimin olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Türkiye ekonomisinde 1963’ten 2015’e yapılan hane halklarına ait %’lik GSMH’den alınan paylar ve ilgili Gini 1 ve alternatif Gini 2 katsayıları incelendiğinde, bazı nispi sapmalar ve bazı Gini 1 ve Gini 2 katsayı hesaplamalarındaki farklılıklar ile birlikte, ve özellikle küresel krizin yaşandığı 2009 yılı hariç, 2011 yılına kadar gelir dağılımında bir iyileşmenin yaşandığı ve fakat, 20112015 dönemi için ise ortalama olarak dağılımda bir bozulmanın tecrübe edildiği görülmektedir. Bu süreçte Türkiye ekonomisine ait coğrafik bölgeler farklı değerler almaktadırlar. 2006-2015 dönemi için İstanbul, Batı Marmara, Orta Anadolu ve Kuzey Doğu Anadolu bölgelerinde Lorenz eğrisinin tam eşitlik doğrusundan uzaklaştığı ve fakat Ege, Doğu Marmara ve Doğu Karadeniz bölgelerinde ortalama olarak Lorenz eğrisinden eşitlik doğrusuna doğru bir yakınsama olduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Üç bölgemizde ise, Batı Anadolu, Akdeniz ve Batı Karadeniz bölgelerinde, Gini katsayıları ortalama olarak iyileşmektedir. Gini katsayıları Orta Doğu Anadolu’da 2006-2011 döneminde artmakta, 2015 yılında ise düşmektedir. Güney Doğu Anadolu Bölgesinde ise 2006-2011 döneminde bir iyileşme yok ise de, 2015 yılında gelir dağılımında bir düzelme olduğu gözlemlenmektedir

Copyright of Journal of Business Economics & Management Research is the property of Bayburt University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Mercimek, Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesinde kuru tarım yapılan alanlarda, buğday veya arpa ile münavebe yapılarak yetiştirilmektedir. Bu çalışma, mercimek üretim alanlarında bulunan yabancı ot türlerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla, Şanlıurfa ilinde yürütülmüştür. Yabancı ot türlerinin yaygınlık ve yoğunluklarının belirlenmesi amacıyla, 2014 yılında 70 mercimek tarlasında survey yapılmıştır. İncelenen tarlalardaki en yaygın türler %64,29, 55,71, 51,43, 50,00, 45,71 ve 44,29 oranlarıyla; Sinapis arvensis L. (yabani hardal), Avena sterilis L. (yabani yulaf), Cephalaria syriaca (L.) Schrader (pelemir), Triticum aestivum L. (kendi gelen buğday), Galium aparine L. (dilkanatan) ve Vaccaria hispanica (Mill.) Rauschert (arap baklası) olarak sıralanmıştır. Çalışma yapılan tarlalarda yaygın ve yoğun olmamasına rağmen bazı geofit ve endemik türlere de rastlanılmıştır. Bölgede daha önce yapılan çalışmalarla kıyaslandığında, yabancı ot türleri ile bu türlerin yaygınlık ve yoğunluklarında önemli düzeyde değişiklikler olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu değişikliklerin bölgede sulanan alanların artmasından sonra bitki deseninin ve üretim şeklinin değişmesiyle birlikte, herbisit kullanımı başta olmak üzere bazı tarımsal uygulamaların değişmesi gibi nedenlerle gelecekte daha da artacağı tahmin edilmektedir.

Aim: To investigate the relationship of cartilage loss in tibiofemoral and patellofemoral joints with the number, size and location of loose bodies in secondary synovial chondromatosis (SC). Methods: Eighty-eight patients with secondary SC were evaluated retrospectively. The size and location of loose bodies were evaluated by both X-ray and magnetic resonance imaging. The relationship between cartilage lesions and the number, location and size of loose bodies were assessed by Chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test. Results: When the relationship between the presence of loose body and cartilage damage was evaluated, it was observed that 83% of subjects (n=74) had cartilage loss at the tibiofemoral joint, 75% (n=66) on the medial and 9% (n=8) of patients had on the lateral side. It was determined that when the number of loose bodies was ≤5, the mean diameter was 7.3 mm (2-21 mm). It was 12.7 mm (2-30 mm) when the number was >5. The most frequently affected locations were the posterior compartment of the posterior cruciate ligament and the superior compartment of the popliteal fossa, regardless of the degree of cartilage loss. Conclusion: We concluded that the higher the cartilage damage, the higher the number and size of loose bodies. We assume that our study provides insight into further investigations to study new classification system for secondary SC in the knee joint.

When it comes to the development of plants, the first step is the healthy germination of the plant seed. The realization of this situation can be more difficult when it comes to orchids compared to other plant species. In this study, in-vitro germination of orchid seeds was observed. Abiotic factors such as temperature, drought and Ph can create stress against seed germination and have an inhibitory effect on seed germination. In order to prevent this situation, the seeds are covered with biological agents by some methods. In this study, by using endophytic bacteria and fungal isolates isolated in our previous studies, the seeds were covered with biopriming applications in the laboratory and it was observed whether there was a positive effect on the germination of orchid seeds. In the evaluation, it was observed that the mixtures containing both endophytic fungal and bacterial samples were the most effective treatments. This study constitutes the first example of both fungal and bacterial probiotic testing in orchids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Hand hygiene is one of the most cost-effective infection control measures. In this multicenter study we analyzed the hand hygiene compliance observation results of 15 hospitals in Turkey. Materials and Methods: This study was performed in the intensive care units of 15 hospitals (eight tertiary-care educational hospitals, six state hospitals, and one private hospital) from 11 cities located in six regions of Turkey. The observations were made by infection control practitioners according to the World Health Organization (WHO) - Five Moments for Hand Hygiene (WHO-5) indications rule for hand hygiene and overall compliance rates were calculated. Observations were unblinded (healthcare professionals knew that they were observed). The study period included 2015 and 2016 calendar years. Results: There was a statistically significant increase in hand hygiene compliance rates in 2016 versus 2015. The overall number of hand hygiene opportunities and instances of compliance in 2015 and 2016 were 60071/78116 (76.9%) and 66551/83607 (79.6%) (p=0.0001), respectively. Nurses were the most compliant group in both years. The highest compliance was after body fluid exposure (88.2% in 2015 and 91.4% in 2016), while the lowest compliance was before patient contact (61.3% in 2015 and 65% in 2016). Conclusion: The presented data suggest that under unblinded observations, hand hygiene compliance seems to be in relatively acceptable rates in Turkey. Centers with compliance rates below the 50th percentile in any of the five moments should increase efforts to enhance compliance for that indication.

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Copyright of Gumushane Universty Electronic Journal of the Faculty of Communication / Gümüshane Üniversitesi Iletisim Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi is the property of Gumushane Universitesi Iletisim Fakultesi Elektronik Dergisi (e-GIFDER) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of TUBA-KED: Turkish Academy of Sciences, Journal of Cultural Inventory is the property of Turkish Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Yıldırım Beyazıt Law Review (YBLR) is the property of Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University Law School and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Business Economics & Management Research is the property of Bayburt University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Administrative Sciences / Yonetim Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Canakkale Onsekiz Mart Universitesi, Terzioglu Kampusu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)