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Introduction: Sepsis is a syndrome of host systemic inflammatory response and is caused by microbial pathogens invading the bloodstream. Quick and accurate diagnosis is a key factor in the treatment of sepsis before complications occur. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the bacterial agents of sepsis from blood culture using phenotypic and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques. Materials and Methods: A total of 287 blood culture bottles of suspected patients in Imam Reza Hospital were taken and transferred to the microbiology laboratory of the medical school. Isolates were identified by Microgen Kit and API 20 E kit. The PCR sequence analysis of the 16S rDNA gene was implemented for molecular detection of bacterial isolates. Results: Of the 287 suspected sepsis samples, 231 were negative and 56 were positive. Among the positive samples, five were positive by PCR despite being negative in the culture. Among 56 isolates, 16 (28.57%) were Gram-negative bacteria and 40 (71.42%) were Gram-positive bacteria. Conclusion: In this study, the result of PCR-based 16S rDNA gene analysis revealed high sensitivity compared with other methods of bacterial detection. Overall, the fast sampling and quick and accurate diagnosis reduce unnecessary prescription of antibiotics by physicians.

Eggs were coated with propolis in order to determine its effect on egg quality and total bacterial count. Effect of storage time prior to propolis coating was also studied. Eggs were obtained from a local farm, coated with 0, 3, 6 or 9% of propolis and stored at 4 ºC with a humidity of 75% for 30 days. A total of 18 eggs were used for egg quality traits and 6 eggs were chosen for microbial activity for each group. Bacteria were recovered with sterile cotton swabs from egg surfaces. Colonies with different morphology and color were detected. 11 bacterial species were determined following the characterization of 14 isolates. Elevated levels of bacterial counts were detected for daily eggs, which were significantly higher than those stored for 30 days. The quality traits of the daily eggs have also been found higher compared with the other groups. It was observed that coating the eggs with varying concentrations of propolis lead to significant differences in the total bacterial counts of the eggshells. Moreover, the egg quality traits which decreased with the increase in storage time have not been further affected with propolis coating.

Introduction: Bacterial bloodstream diseases cause important public health problems and are considered as significant issues in morbidity and mortality in patients who are hospitalized. This study aimed to investigate the frequency of bacterial isolates from suspected septicemia and subsequent drug resistance patterns in affiliated patients to the Amir Al-Momenin Hospital of Gerash, Fars, Iran. Materials and Methods: In this hospital-based cross-sectional study, 2485 blood samples were examined in the Bacteriology Laboratory of Amir Al-Momenin Hospital of Gerash, during 2018-2019. Then, drug susceptibility tests were done for positive blood cultures. All specimens were cultivated in MacConkey agar, Blood Agar, and chocolate agar mediums. A total of 120 positive samples were obtained, and biochemical tests were used to classify bacteria to species levels. After identification, a drug susceptibility test was carried out on the Mueller-Hinton agar via 16 antibiotics based on the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. Results: Of the 2485 blood culture results, 120 (4.82%) were determined as positive. The blood culture examination revealed the most common isolated as Staphylococcus epidermidis (45%, n=54 cases), Acinetobacter baumannii (10.83%, n=13 cases), Escherichia coli (10%, n=12 cases), Klebsiella pneumoniae (5.83%, n=7 cases), respectively. Additionally, among all the antibiotics tested, the highest percentage of resistance was related to cefoxitin in 48 cases (40%), cephalexin in 47 (39.1%), clindamycin in 47 (39.1%), and erythromycin in 42 (35%). Conclusions: Results revealed that most of the bacterial isolates had a high rate of resistance to the most commonly used antibiotics. Therefore, continuous antibiotic resistance pattern evaluation in different areas is necessary.