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Radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) exposure is increasing in various areas of life. In our study, we investigated the effects of 5G (6 GHz, 0.083 W/kg SAR) RF-EMF on the ratio of vitality, apoptotic (the early/late) and necrotic in rat blood cells. In our study, 10 Wistar Albino male rats were used weights range between 250-300g. Before RF-EMF applications, blood samples (2cc) were collected from all rats by cardiac puncture method. These rats were selected as the control groups. The same rats, by placing in the special application cage were exposed to the 6 GHz RF-EMF application for 4 hour/day during 6 weeks. After RF-EMF applications, blood samples (2cc) were recollected from the same rats. These rats were selected as the radiofrequency radiation (RFR) groups. Flow cytometric analysis in which annexin-V kit used, was performed to determine the percentage the ratio of viable, the early/late apoptotic and necrotic cell. The ratio of % viable cells were increased in the RFR group by compared to the control group, the ratio of % cells in the early apoptotic and necrotic decreased and this between the two groups difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). However, there were no statistically meaningful differences between groups by compared to the ratio of % cells in the late apoptotic. As a results of 6 GHz RF-EMF, had significant effects on vitality, apoptotic and necrotic in blood cells. while it supported to the ratio of vitality, were inhibited the ratio of apoptotic and necrotic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Firat Universitesi Saglik Bilimleri Veteriner Dergisi is the property of Firat Universitesiu, Saglik Bilimleri Enstitusu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: Mycoplasma synoviae (M. synoviae) is the second most clinically important mycoplasma species, causing significant economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide. The aim of this study is to investigate the presence of antibodies against M. synoviae by indirect ELISA in commercial broiler and commercial layer flocks. Methods: A total of 957 blood samples were collected from vena subcutanae ulnaris under aseptic conditions by random sampling from unvaccinated commercial broiler (n=380) and commercial layer (n=577) flocks in the Central Anatolia Region and their serums were extracted. Anti-M.synoviae antibodies were detected by using commercial indirect ELISA kit. Results: The seropositivity rates were determined 40.76% (n=155) and 54.59% (n=315) in 380 sera from 21 commercial broiler flocks and 577 sera from 33 commercial layer flocks, respectively. Conclusion: In comparison to broilers, M. synoviae infection was shown to be more widespread in poultry breeding, particularly in commercial layer flocks, in the Central Anatolia Region. To avoid economic loss due to M. synoviae in both breeding types, we conclude that it is critical to improve the biosecurity of poultry breeder flocks, conduct regular follow-ups with monitoring studies, especially in breeder flocks, and treat infected herds as soon as possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: In the present study, serum nitric oxid (NO) levels and its relationship with clinical variables in schizophrenia subtypes were evaluated. Material and Method: The study group was composed of 21 paranoid type, 20 disorganized type, 19 undifferentiated type and 16 residuel type schizophrenic patients who applied to Firat University School of Medicine Department of Psychiatry and 25 healthy control subjects. The patients were administered sociodemographical and clinical data form and Brief Psyhiatric Rating Scale (BPRS). Blood samples were obtained from the patients and controls between 08.00-11.00 hours. Afterwards, serum NO were determined with Griess reaction. Results: The comparison of schizophrenic patients and healthy controls has shown that serum levels of NO in schizophrenic patients are higher than in healthy ones (p <0.001). In all subtypes of schizophrenia, serum NO levels have been found higher than in controls. In this study, no significant correlation was found between serum NO levels and sex, age, education level, smoking history or attack issues (p >0.05). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that NO may have an important role for explaining the ethiopathophysiology of schizophrenia. In addition, due to the usage of NO as a confidential parameter for clinical characteristics, classification and prognosis in schizophrenia, it is needed to determine further studies in future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Veterinary Journal of Mehmet Akif Ersoy University is the property of Veterinary Journal of Mehmet Akif Ersoy University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences is the property of Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare anti-factor Xa assay and tromboelastogram in evaluation of efficacy of enoxaparin in patients with acute coronary syndrome without ST-segment elevation. Materials and Methods: Twenty-five patients with acute coronary syndrome were involved. Two blood samples were taken on admission and 4 hours after the subcutaneous injection of third dose of 1mg/kg enoxaparin to the patients. AntiFXa, tromboelastogram, activated coagulation time were calculated. Results: A non-significant increase in activated coagulation time was observed after the injection of enoxaparin. After injection enoxaparin thromboelastography parameters changed maximum amplitude(MA) increased (MA basal 65.4±11.9 after 63.4±7.8), R time increased (from 5±1.7 to 8.4±4.6,), K time increased (from 1.89±1.06 to 2.56±1.4), angle increased (from 66.34±5.6 to 57.9±11.4). AntiFXa increased. (from 0.122±0.06 to 0.501±0.359). Conclusion: Tromboelastography method can be used in assessment of efficacy of enoxaparin in patients with acute coronary syndrome without ST-Segment elevation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amaç: Bu çalışmada preanalitik dönemde kan numunesi alma ile ilgili hemşirelerin bilgi durumunun incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır.Yöntem: Araştırma, bir eğitim araştırma hastanesinde 01-12/10/2018 tarihlerinde yürütüldü. Araştırmanın evrenini yataklı klinikte görev yapan 282 hemşire oluşturdu. Hemşirelere 10 kişilik küçük gruplar halinde "Kan Numunesi Alma Eğitimi" verildikten sonra bilgi durumunu değerlendirmek için hastanede kullanılan Biyokimya Test Rehberi doğrultusunda hazırlanan "Kısa Soru Formu" uygulandı. Veriler SPSS 21 programında analiz edilip bulgular yüzde ve frekans olarak ifade edildi.Bulgular: Çalışmaya katılan 282 hemşirenin hepsi yataklı klinikte görev yapmakta olup her yıl bir defa hizmet içi eğitimle ‘‘Kan Numunesi Alma’’ eğitimi aldığını ifade ettiler. Katılımcılardan %46,1’i tüplerin renklerine göre kan alma sıralamasını doğru yapabildiği görüldü. Katılımcıların ‘‘tüp sıralamasındaki karışıklık neden kaynaklanıyor olabilir’’ sorusuna verdikleri yanıtlar; %51’i bilgi eksikliği, %34,3’ü iş yoğunluğu, %6,3’ü kan alma sırasının önemli olmadığını, %2,9’u dikkatsizlik, %2,9’u elzem bakılması gereken tetkike öncelik verdiğini, %1,7’si çok fazla tüpe kan almanın karışıklığa yol açtığını, %1,1’i alışkanlık şeklinde sıralanmaktadır. Katılımcılara ‘‘numune reddinin neden kaynaklandığı’’ sorulduğunda %53,6’sı yetersiz numune alınması, %20,6’sı kanın ilgili laboratuvara geç gitmesi, %25,8’i de numuneyi alan kişinin uygun teknikle numuneyi almaması ya da laboratuvar çalışanından kaynaklanabileceğini ifade etmiştir.Sonuç: Bu çalışmada hemşirelerin preanalitik kan numunesi alma ile ilgili bilgi düzeyinin kısmen (%46,1) yeterli olduğu, kan almada tüp sıralamasına dikkat edilmeme nedeni olarak bilgi eksikliği (%51) tespit edilmiştir.

Copyright of Ümraniye Pediatri Dergisi is the property of KARE Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Firat Universitesi Saglik Bilimleri Veteriner Dergisi is the property of Firat Universitesiu, Saglik Bilimleri Enstitusu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: Iatrogenic anemia is an overlooked entity in daily practice. It is known that iatrogenic anemia is associated with increased morbidity and mortality, especially in intensive care unit patients. COVID-19 caused excessive intensive care hospitalizations due to acute respiratory failure. We sought to investigate iatrogenic anemia and its results in COVID-19 patients followed in intensive care unit. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the adult patients who were hospitalized in ICU for COVID-19 longer than 14 days. Individuals younger than 18 or who had major bleeding, or postoperative patients were excluded. The remaining 112 patients took part in study. We collected the demographic data, comorbidities, laboratory results, and total amount of blood samples taken in intensive care follow-up in mililiters (mL). Results: The mean age of participants was 71.3 (min: 23, max: 100). Male/ female ratio was 1.8. The most common comorbidity was hypertension (60), coronary heart disease (29), and diabetes mellitus (26), The median length of ICU stay is 19 days (min: 14, max: 58). 66 (58.6%) patients have died. Mean Hb was decreased from 13.9 (±SD: 1.67) to 9.74 (±SD: 1.98) g/dL. In the end, 65 (90.2%) of males and 38 (95.0%) of females were anemic. On a total of 2545 hospitalization days, an average of 27.6 mL of blood was drawn in 7.4 sampling tubes per patient day. Biochemistry tests were the most common reason. We observed that more blood was drawn from intubated patients than non-intubated patients, resulting in a greater reduction in hemoglobin levels (463 mL, 2 g/dL, 677 mL, 3.9 g/ dL, respectively) (p<0.001). Conclusion: Excessive blood sampling is still a significant problem in ICUs associated with poor outcomes. Considering that most COVID-19 patients are admitted to ICU due to acute respiratory failure, it is vital to keep hemoglobin levels as high as possible to maintain oxygenation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences is the property of Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this study, the effect of used immunostimulating drugs with FMD vaccine on immunoglobulins was aimed to investigate in sheep. For this purpose 40 healthy sheep were divided into 4 groups. Blood and serum samples were taken from all animals from 0 days before the study. Blood samples were measured immediately, and IgA, IgG, IgM, IgE and Zn values from biochemical parameters were stored for measurement. Group I was applied only FMD vaccine, group II Levamisole with the FMD vaccine, group III Zinc with FMD vaccine and the last group IV AD3E was applied with FMD vaccine. After 21 days, blood and serum samples from all groups were taken again and hematologic and IgA, IgG, IgM, IgE and Zn values were compared according to the values of day 0. No statistical difference was found between the groups except for PLT in hematological parameters (p> 0, 05) when compared to pre-vaccination and post-vaccination. In groups II and III there was a significant increase in PLT levels. Biochemical analysis showed IgA, IgG, IgM and IgE levels to be higher in IgG (p <0, 05) and IgE (p <0,001) in groups II and III when levels compared to before vaccination. There were statistically significant increases in IgM (p <0.05) in group IV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of live yeast culture (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on calf live weight gain, daily live weight gain, fed intake, feed efficiency and health. Three groups were created by using calf fed starter diet without live yeast culture (Control group=C), with 5 gr/calf/day live yeast culture (Low dose live yeast culture =LDLYC) or 10 gr/calf/day live yeast culture (High dose live yeast culture =HDLYC). Blood samples were withdrawn from each calves at the end of experiment. Average birth weights of calves were 41.58, 42.42, 41.17 kg whereas average weaning live weights were 81.50, 84.58, and 85.58 kg for C, LDLYC and HDLYC, respectively. Daily live weight gains and total amount of weight gained during experiment were 0.67, 0.70, and 0.74 kg/d; and 39.92, 42.17, 44.42 kg for C, LDLYC and HDLYC, respectively. Mean daily feed intakes were 282.26, 300.65, and 254.01 gr/d for C, LDLYC and HDLYC, respectively. Mean feed efficiency values were 418.89, 419.44, and 342.93 gr feed/kg daily weight gain for C, LDLYC and HDLYC, respectively. Percentage of calves that had diarrhea during experiment was 83.33, 66.67 and 33.33% for C, LDLYC and HDLYC, respectively. While the percentages of lymphocyte (P=0.06) linearly decreased the percentage of neutrophil (P=0.05) linearly increased with increasing levels of live yeast culture. In conclusion, it was thought that even though it was not statistically significant, addition of live yeast culture improved live weight gain, feed efficiency, and calf health and may have positive effect on immunity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, it was aimed to investigate Salmonella Enteritidis antibodies by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) in blood serum samples obtained from the goose enterprises grown in Kars Region during the goose slaughtering period. For this purpose, a total of 10 different flocks, 8 from Kars Province center and 2 from Arpalı Village, were included in the study. Totally, one year old 315 female and male domestic geese which had no vaccination history against S. Enteritidis and other Salmonella infections were sampled. Of the 315 goose blood serum samples examined, 16 (5.07%) were positive, 48 (15.23%) were suspicious and 251 (79.68%) were negative for S. Enteritidis antibodies. The highest S. Enteritidis antibody positivity was detected in the Flock 7 in Kars city center and in the Flock 10 in Arpalı Village with a rate as 16.66% and 12.5%, respectively. This positivity between the flocks was statistically significant (P<0.01). While the S. Enteritidis antibody positivity (8%) of Arpalı Village was found higher than the Kars Province central has (4.16%), there was no significant difference between these two locations (P>0.05). In this study conducted on the presence and prevalence of S. enteritidis in geese in Kars province, it was found that 5.07% antibody positivity was considered to be important in geese blood serum samples; in addition to this, similar screening tests for Salmonella infections, which have vertical transmission characteristic and carcass contamination are common, are thought to be beneficial in decreasing the prevalence of the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the usability of bovine ELISA-PAGs (Pregnancy Associated Glycoproteins) kit was evaluated for 1) the diagnosis of pregnancy and 2) the determination of early pregnancy plasma profile of PAGs in Konya Merino ewes. For these purposes, the blood samples were taken from 21 to 70 days of pregnancy by weekly. According to the manufacturer's instruction, the plasma level of PAGs was determined and accepted as the positive for pregnancy, if it was above than 0.3 OD (optimal density). An approximately linear increase in plasma profile of PAGs was determined for the period from 21 to 70 days of pregnancy. Percentages of the positive value of PAGs for on days 28, 35 and 42 were recorded as 30.8%, 69.2%, and 66.7%, respectively. According to these results, it can be concluded that the commercial bovine ELISA-PAGs kit is good for detecting early pregnancy and monitoring fetoplacental unit well-being in Konya Merino ewes. However, there is still a high margin of error for ewes if considering 0.3 OD for the positive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a virus that can be transmitted interpersonally and may causes Acquired Immunedeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). ELISA method is used in laboratory diagnosis and positive results are confirmed by Western-Blot (WB). The aim of this study was to evaluate the rate of HIV positivity in a two-year period in a tertiary hospital. Methods: 59543 blood samples from the Microbiology Laboratory of Izmir Tepecik Education and Research Hospital were tested by macro ELISA (Architect, Abbott, USA) to detect HIV antibody. The test was repeated with the new blood samples of the patients that have positive or borderline test results. Negative results reported as "negative". 117 positive samples (0.2%) were validated by WB analysis in İzmir Public Health Laboratory. Results: 59543 blood samples were analyzed retrospectively and 117 samples (0.2%) were detected as anti-HIV test reactive. 48 (0.08%) positive, 5 (0.008%) dec value 64 (0.1%) has been reported as negative by verification with WB. Conclusion: It is thought that the regular training on preventive measures to prevent transmission of HIV will contribute to the prevention of disease spread. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: In this study, it is aimed to determine the effect of stimulation with different stimuli on CD3+T-cells proliferation and activation molecules by stimulating phytohemagglutinin (PHA), Interleukin-2 (IL-2) and PHA+IL-2 together. Material and Method: Six mL peripheral blood samples were obtained from each 15 healthy women and their 3x106 CD3+T-cells were isolated by the RosetteSep method. CD3+T-cells were counted on a phase-contrast microscope and their isolation purity were determined by immunofluorescence and flow cytometric methods. 2x105 cells were apportioned in a 3-well dish of a 12-well culture dish, applied 10µg/mL PHA, 13µL/mL IL-2 and 10µg/mL PHA+13 µL/mL IL-2 and incubated in incubator for 24 hours. Cells groups of stimulated CD3+T-cells compared with CD3+T-cells(control group) not stimulated with any stimulants; their proliferations measured by spectrophotometric method using WST-1 test and flow cytometry by CFSE test, their expressions of activation molecules measured by flow cytometry with CD25, CD38, CD69, CD71 and HLA-DR antibodies. Results: When WST-1 and CFSE test values were compared statistically between groups; It was determined that PHA-CD3+T-cells (p <0.001) and PHA + IL-2-CD3+T-cells (p <0.001) were significantly more proliferated, in other words activated than IL-2-CD3+T-cells. When levels of activation molecules evaluated by flow cytometry were compared statistically between groups; in comparison to IL-2-CD3+T-cells, significantly increased % expression values of CD25 (p <0.001), CD38 (p <0.001), CD71 (p <0.001) and HLA-DR (p <0.001) were detected in PHA-CD3+T-cells and PHA+IL-2-CD3+T-cells. Conclusion: Since the proliferation and activation molecule levels in CD3+T-cells stimulated by PHA and PHA + IL-2 were similar and more than than stimulated by IL-2, it was concluded that the use of PHA as a CD3+T-cell stimulant in invitro studies alone was effective with no need for other stimulants and provided more proliferation and stimulation compared to IL-2 in CD3+T-cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Epidemiology of hepatitis A infection differs according to living conditions. Therefore, evaluating the changing epidemiology of the disease is important for preventive medicine. The aim of the study was to determine the seropositivity of hepatitis A antibody in mothers and their babies and to evaluate the factors affecting it. Materials and Methods: The data of 209 mother-infant pairs were evaluated. Blood samples were collected from mothers one month after birth and at 1 and 6 months of age from their babies. Hepatitis A IgG antibody levels were determined by ELISA method. The socio-economic and demographic characteristics of the families were collected by a questionnaire. Results: The seropositivity of the hepatitis A antibody was 67% in mothers at one month after birth, 66.1% and 68.9% in their babies at 1 and 6 months of age respectively. Parental education, family monthly income, gravity and parity were found to have a statistically significant effect on hepatitis A seropositivity. As the level of education and monthly income increased, hepatitis A seropositivity decreased. On the other hand as parity and gravida increased, seropositivity increased as well. Conclusion: Hepatitis A seropositivity in infants is thought to be affected by socio-economic factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Firat Universitesi Saglik Bilimleri Veteriner Dergisi is the property of Firat Universitesiu, Saglik Bilimleri Enstitusu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this study, it was aimed to investigate the effects of flunixin meglumine and meloxicam application on coagulation profile in healthy sheep. Animals with physical examination findings and hemogram and biochemical data within physiological limits were included in the study and randomly distributed among the groups. Healthy sheep were divided into two groups, Group 1 (n=7) and Group 2 (n=7). In this study, groups 1 and 2 were given intramuscular injections of flunixin meglumin at a dose of 2.2 mg/kg/day and subcutaneous injections of 0.5 mg/kg/day of meloxicam for the first 3 days. 0 hours, 3 hours, 6 hours, 12 hours, 24 hours from vena jugularis to determine the platelet count [prothrombin time (PT), activated thromboplastin time (APTT), fibrinogen (FIB) concentration] and platelet (PLT) count of coagulation profiles of animals in both groups on day 1, day 2, day 3, day 6, day 12 and day 24 blood samples were taken with sodium citrate and 2 µl of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA). NSAIDs were found to have a significant decreases in FIB concentrations and PLT counts, prolonged PT levels in sheep treated with flunixine and meloxicam. There was no statistically significant difference in hemostatic changes between the groups. In conclusion, it was concluded from the NSAIDs that flunixin meglumin and meloxicam treated sheep were carefully followed by conventional routine hemostatic changes of PLT, PT, FIB levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: We aimed to evaluate blood alcohol concentrations (BAC) of drivers involved in traffic accidents, to define procedures of blood sampling for BAC analysis and legal sanctions. Material and Method: In 2011 blood samples from 2251 drivers sent to the Chemistry Department of the Council of Forensic Medicine for alcohol determination were analyzed by dual column head-spacdgas, chromatography flameionisation detector (HS/GC-FID). BAC levels above 10 mg/dl were back-extrapolated to the time of crime. Rate of reduction was accepted 15 mg/dl/hr and BAC effects on safe driving skills were discussed. Results: Ethanol was present in 19.4% of drivers. BAC was above 100 mg/dl in more than half of the cases (56.5- 64.5%) and was above the allowed level in traffic (50mg/dl) in the majority (78.1-89%). In contravention of legislation, blood sampling was delayed more than two hours following traffic accidents and this created discrepancies in BAC level calculations. Conclusion: Accurate results can be obtained with timely and properly taken blood samples. Health care workers may face serious legal sanctions due to damages that may arise because of blood samples collected contrary to the procedure. An important part of traffic accidents can be prevented with reduction of the allowed BAC in traffic to 30 mg/dl. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was analyse the effect of phlorizin application on serum lipid prophile and oxidative stres indicators in sheep. Ten non-lactating and non-pregnant sheep were used in this study. Phlorizin was subcutanously injected at a dosage of 100 mg/kg to each animal. Body weight (BW) and subcutaneous fat thickness (SFT) were measured at the beginning and at the end of the study. Hematological, biochemical parameters including lipid prohile, and oxidative stress indicators were analysed in blood samples obtained before (0th hour) and 12., 24., 48., 72. and 120th hours after the study. Urine samples were analysed at the same time intervals. Liver biopsy materials were obtained from two sheep 24 hours before and after the study for histopathological examinations. Results indicate that phlorizin significantly decreased the mean BW, SFT, total leukocyte (WBC), insulin, glucose, blood urea nitrogene (BUN), creatinin, triglyceride (TG), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), total oxidative status (TOS) ve oksidative stres index (OSI) values (p<0.05), and significantly increased the mean platelets (PLT), hemoglobin (Hgb) and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) values (p<0.05). Proteinuria and glycosuria were determined in urine samples. Histopathological examinations revealed a progressive decrease in cytoplasmic lipid vacuoles of hepatocytes after phlorizin administration. This study suggests that phlorizin could be proposed as an antihyperglycemic, antihiperlipidemic and antioxidant agent in sheep. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted to investigate the changes occurred in clinical, haematological and biochemical parameters before and after treatment of cattle naturally infected with theileriosis. Twenty one sick cattle and 10 healthy cattle were the animal material of the present study. Systemic clinical examination findings of the animals before and after treatment were evaluated. Blood samples were taken for haematological (HCT, HGB, MHCH, WBC, granulocyte count and percentage, lymphocyte/monocyte count and percentage and PLT) and biochemical parameters (serum total protein, albumin, glucose, BUN, creatinine, AST, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, Na, K and Cl). In clinically sick animals, body temperatures before treatment was significantly (p<0.01) higher compared to the healthy ones, and it reached to the control level after treatment . It was found that the HTC and HGB concentrations decreased significantly (p<0.001) before treatment and although these values increased after treatment, they were still lower than the control values. Platelet (PLT) counts were also low before treatment, and it increased to almost control levels after treatment. Total protein (TP) and albumin concentrations decreased before treatment, and they did not increase to the expected normal values after treatment. Serum BUN and creatinine values were also different statistically (p<0.05, p<0.001, respectively) when values obtained before and after treatment were compared. The AST, total and direct bilirubin values increased significantly (p<0.05) before treatment and they reached to normal values after treatment. As a result; clinical, haematological and biochemical parameters changed greatly in cattle with theileriosis. But, after the treatment, some parameters (HCT, HGB, TP and albumin) did not reach to their expected values. It can be concluded that some parameters such as PLT, BUN, creatinine, AST, direct and total bilirubin should be taken into in the evaluation of prognosis as they return to their normal values short after the treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was carried out to compare Reverse Line Blotting (RLB), Nested PCR and Real Time PCR techniques in the molecular diagnosis of Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina in cattle. Genomic DNA extractions were performed on 400 blood samples which were previously collected from cattle in various provinces of Turkey and stored in the laboratory with respect to use in different project studies. The concentrations of the DNAs were measured in NanoDrop spectrophotometer and analyzed by RLB, Nested PCR and Real Time PCR techniques after preparing the suitable concentrations.Totally 18 (4.50%), 59 (14.75%), 16 (4.00%) and 2 (0.50%) of examined samples were found to be infected with B. bovis, B. bigemina, Babesia spp. and B. bovis + B. bigemina mix, respectively by RLB. 23 (5.75%), 71 (17.75%), 7 (1.75%) and 23 (5.75%), 75 (18.75%), 9 (2.00%) of the examined samples were found to be infected with B. bovis, B. bigemina and B. bovis + B. bigemina mix by Nested PCR and Real Time PCR, respectively. When comparing the Nested PCR and RLB results with Real Time PCR assay, 94.4% and 88.8% sensitivity and both 100.0% specificity were determined, respectively. 5, 9 and 2 out of the total 16 Babesia spp. positivity's in RLB test were determined as 6. bigemina, B. bovis, B. bovis + B. bigemina mix, respectively by both Real Time and Nested PCR. In conclusion, Real Time PCR was found to be more sensitive than Nested PCR and RLB in the investigation of 6. bovis and B. bigemina in cattle with this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim of this study was to investigate that effect of etanercept administration on the concentrations of cytokines, fibrinogen, antithrombin,13,14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin F2a and biochemical values in the endotoxemia. A totally male 126 Sprague Dawley rats were divided3 equal groups; lipopolysaccharide (4 mg, IP), etanercept (8 mg/kg, IP) and lipopolysaccharide + etanercept were administered to Group 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Blood samples were collected at 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12 and 24th hours after treatments. Serum tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, interleukin-10 and plasma 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin F2α levels were measured with ELISA reader, while antithrombinand fibrinogen levels were measured with coagulometer. Serum biochemical parameters were determined with auto-analyzer. Etanercept had irregular effect on the fibrinogen levels and it increased PGM, alkaline phosphatase and alanine aminotransferase ctivities.Lipopolysaccharide increased cytokines, PGM, fibrinogen, organ damage markers and triglyceride levels, and it had irregular effect on the antithrombin levels. Increased cytokines, PGM and fibrinogen levels were determined in lipopolysaccharide + etanercept group, butirregular changes were observed in antithrombin levels. Etanercept exactly depressed the increased creatine kinase-MB level and relativelydepressed the increased tumor necrosis factor-α while it extended the presence of tumor necrosis factor-α, and it increased the elevatedinterleukin-10 levels by lipopolysaccharide. In conclusion, when protective effect of etanercept on the heart and increasing effect on the interleukin-10 levels in the endotoxemia is considered, single dose etanercept may be beneficial in the veterinary medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The blood parameters of fish are widespread used to examine the physiological status, nutrition, stress, disease control of fish in aquaculture. In order to get reliable results, it is important to obtain the blood from fish in appropriate way as required for studies. Otherwise, some negative drawbacks could be seen. In this review study, was aim to reveal the methods applied in collection of blood sample from fish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) supplementation on eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage in sedentary young males. Methods: Twenty-one sedentary and healthy young male participated to the study. The height, body weight and body fat percentages of the participants were measured and their blood samples were taken at rest. Eleven participants were given 200 mg CoQ10 and ten participants were given placebo orally as a single dosage for four weeks then measurements and blood sampling were repeated. After that eccentric exercise protocol were applied in all participants in isokinetic exercise dynamometry, then their blood samples were taken at 24th and 48th hours after exercise. Plasma coenzyme Q10 levels, serum creatine kinase activities and myoglobin levels were measured in blood samples. Results: Plasma CoQ10 levels were higher in CoQ10 supplemented group compared to placebo group. Creatine kinase activities and miyoglobin levels increased in both groups after exercise but there was no significant difference between the groups. Conclusion: While four weeks of coenzyme Q10 supplementation increase plasma coenzyme Q10 levels, it does not affect creatine kinase activities and myoglobin levels in exercise-induced muscle damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to investigate the bioequivalence of test and reference formulations of 40mg olmesartan medoxomil (CAS 144689-63-4) in 36 healthy male volunteers. Olmesartan medoxomil is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist used to treat high blood pressure. Volunteers were treated with two formulations of 40mg olmesartan medoxomil according to a fasting, randomised, open-label, crossover, single dose, two-period bioequivalence study design with a 14 days wash-out period. Blood samples were taken up to 72 h post-dose, the plasma concentrations of olmesartan medoxomil were determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). AUC0-∞, AUC0-last, Cmax and Tmax were calculated for both formulations. The parametric 90 % confidence intervals for the primary target parameters were between 90.73-102.34 for AUC0-last, 91.13-102.47 for AUC0-∞ and between 90.17- 102.85 for Cmax. The acceptance ranges prospectively defined in the protocol for this trial were fulfilled. Based on the available information it was determined between the bioequivalence acceptance range (80-125%). This single dose study found that the test and the reference products met the regulatory criteria for bioequivalence in these fasting healthy male volunteers [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]