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In today's world, due to the rapid changes and developments in automobile brands, consumer preferences have become crucial in selecting car brands and features. In this study, survey data obtained from 571 car users residing in Kilis Province in 2022 were evaluated using Markov analysis to predict the future car brand, fuel type, and gear preferences of car users categorized as women and men driver; low, middle, and high-income participants; young, middle-aged, and elderly individuals. Through the markov analysis, the frequency matrix of transitions, the probability matrix of transitions, and the long-term equilibrium state matrix were determined. By looking at the long-term equilibrium state matrices, it was found that low-income participants will mostly prefer Tofaş, middle-income participants will prefer Toyota, and high-income participants will prefer Audi in the future. Low and middle-income participants will mostly prefer LPG fuel type and manual transmission, while high-income participants will prefer diesel fuel type and automatic transmission. Young individuals are predicted to mostly prefer Volkswagen, middle-aged individuals and elderly individuals will mostly prefer Toyota brand in the long term. Young individuals will prefer LPG, middle-aged indiiduals will prefer diesel and LPG, and elderly individuals will prefer diesel fuel type. In the future, young individuals will mostly prefer manual transmission, middle-aged individuals will prefer manual and automatic transmission, and elderly individuals will prefer automatic transmission. Furthermore, women driver will prefer Volkswagen and automatic, gasoline cars, while men driver will prefer Toyota, manual, diesel and LPG cars in terms of brand, gear and fuel type. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the performance of the front collision zone of the vehicle, reinforced with an S-shaped front collision rail, was compared to that of the classic straight front collision rail. In order to create a safe living cage in automobiles, half vehicle model was used and the collision performances of two different front collision zone models were compared. Torsion, bending and frontal impact scenarios were created with Hyperworks-Optistruct software to obtain versatile and continuous load paths in the vehicle. Vehicle front collision zone elements were designed with Siemens NX software based on the resulting load paths. Altair Hypermesh software was used to create the material properties, connection/contact zones and element mesh structures of the front collision zone components, and thus the preprocessing step was completed. Two different collision zone models were used to compare the collision zone with the classic arm and the one reinforced with the "S" shaped collision arm. The amount of energy absorbed by the collision zone components, the total displacement in the collision zone, the loads transmitted to the passenger cabin and the efficiency of the collision force (CFE) were obtained from each simulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The subject of the study; the similarities and differences in the society's perceptions on two projects: "Devrim Arabası" (the car of the revolution) and "Türkiye'nin Otomobili" (Turkey's auto). The question of the study; is the difference in the society's approach to two similar projects related to the transformation in the social mentality? Purpose of the study; to reveal the differences between the approaches to the two projects and to explain the transformation in social mentality through these differences in approaches. The method of the study; it is the analysis of newspaper news on the subject with content analysis and discourse analysis. Analysis material; these are the news that appeared in national newspapers at the time the projects were introduced to the public. Basic findings of the study; the society's approach to the two projects is similar in giving importance and believing that they will be achieved, and different in showing interest and support. The main result reached in the study; social mentality in Turkey has turned on project ownership and support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Because the automotive industry is in constant development and change, automobile manufacturers offer their customers products in many brands and models. It is difficult to make the most appropriate choice from a large number of alternatives, depending on the criteria that customers consider important when buying a car. It is aimed to introduce a solution proposal by making an application for solution of this process which is difficult in this study. For this purpose, a sample work was carried out based on the B segment car options of seven different brands with similar features. Six different technical specifications and price criteria were used to evaluate automobile options. Entropy method was used to determine the weights of the criteria used in the evaluation and ELECTRE III method was used to rank the automobile options. The data were evaluated using the Excel package program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, Bayesian Filter based reliable localization techniques that use depth information collected by range measuring sensors in indoor/outdoor environments, or terrains in general, are commonly analyzed and sample applications to both land and air vehicles have been demonstrated in real and simulated environments. For the applications, a reference depth map of the mission space is generated first, if not available already. This map is used by the vehicle for localization purposes. When the mission starts, the vehicle does not know its whereabouts and it is assumed that GPS-like external localization systems cannot be used. The vehicle compares the observations coming from onboard range sensors like Sonar, Lidar and/or Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) against the reference map and updates its estimated position at every step. The estimated position and the actual position equates after enough observations are made. In the first sample application presented, a Pioneer P3- DX model research robot determines its indoor position using one-dimensional localization. In the second application, an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) performs localization in a simulation environment using synthetic two-dimensional elevation data. And in the last example, UAV localization is demonstrated again using real Digital Terrain Elevation Data (DTED). A discussion about faster and more efficient localization in case of the presence of additional localization data is also presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most important environmental problems in the world is the increasing of greenhouse gas emissions. The biggest part of greenhouse gas emissions is caused by energy sector in the word. Additionally, transportation in the energy sector is the essential source of the man made emission of greenhouse gasses. Because of the rising of population and the development of technology, the emission of greenhouse gases has been rising. It's very important to invest in new technologies along with the enforcements of new regulations.In this study, the regulations about the end of life vehicles (ELV), applied in Turkey in 2003, was assessed as a model and the same model was applied in 2010 to predict the effect on greenhouse gas emission. Vehicles over 20 years have been accepted as ELV. Greenhouse gas emissions were calculated for two situations; ELV regulation is prevailed or not. In case of applying the ELV regulation, two approaches were accepted; (1) 30% of vehicles over 20 years will be disposed off, (2) a new car will be in traffic for each ELV which disposed off. The decrease of greenhouse emissions in 2010 and 2011 were examined as 0.3 % and 1.9 % for CO2; 1.2 % and 3.8 % for N2O; 3.9 % and 12.8 % for CH4; 5.3 % and 17.6 % for CO; 3.6 % and 12.4 % for NOx; 5.6 % and 18.4 % for HC, respectively. 50 % of road transport is consisted of cars. If all the vehicles were evaluated within ELV regulation, the decrease of greenhouse emission might be 2 times more. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wind tunnel tests are used to determine aerodynamic characteristics of road vehicles. Between model and prototype to match Reynolds number its necessary to use high speed wind tunnel or larger models. This is an important factor that increasing costs. Reynolds number independence can be used to determine aerodynamic characteristics with low speed wind tunnel and smaller models. In this study 1/24 scale three car's drag coefficient were trying to determine with utilizing the Reynolds number independence. Tests were carried out in a wind tunnel which free flow velocity is 28 m/s. As a result of the tests, it has been seen that the Reynolds number independence can not be used for all models. According to test results, the drag coefficients of BMW X5 E53, Alfa Romeo 156 and Wolksvagen New Beetle were found with 14 %, 12.5 %, 7.8 % error, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this review we aimed to attract attention to toxic chemicals in cars and their effect on health. People spend most of their times in indoors such as houses, workplaces, malls, sport centers, train, transportation vehicles (train, plane, cars). In US, citizens spend nearly 100 minutes in cars per day. There are safety problems in cars except than seatbelt and airbag. Some of these are seats, furnishing, cushions for arm and head, floor covering, accessories and plastic parts. In a study conducted in Japan, more than 160 volatile organic compounds (VOC) had been determined in new cars and a three years old car. Some of the pollutants are formaldehyde, toluen, xylene, ethylbenzene and styrene. Also Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), which may be degradated by sunshine in hot seasons are measured within the outomobiles. There is a big gap of studies about the pollutants in cars and researches have to be conducted. Manufacturers should use nonhazardous material or less toxic chemicals to reduce exposure of VOCs, PBDEs and phthalates. Drivers can reduce the these chemicals by using solar reflectors and avoiding to park under sunlight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the experimental performance of an automotive air conditioning (AAC) system using an orifice tube as an expansion device for fixed and variable capacity compressors (FCC and VCC). An experimental AAC system using R134a as refrigerant has been set up in the laboratory, and instrumented. The system has been operated with FCC and VCC, and tested by varying the compressor speed as well as the temperatures of the air streams entering the condenser and evaporator. By applying energy analysis to the experimental system, its performance parameters have been evaluated for both compressor cases, and presented in comparative graphics. The experimental results show that the cooling capacity and the exergy destruction in the system usually increase with the compressor speed, while the coefficient of performance (COP) decreases with it. The cooling capacity and COP get higher on increasing the temperature of the air stream entering the evaporator or decreasing the temperature of the air stream entering the condenser. it is revealed that using the FCC yields 5-10% higher cooling capacity compared to the case of using the VCC, and causes higher COP values at low speeds. However, as a result of the intervention of the capacity control system, using the VCC yields higher COP values at high speeds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]