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Hucre icerisinde bir cok onemli gorevi bulunan endoplazmik retikulumun (ER) bir diger onemli gorevi de protein katlanmasinin saglanmasidir. ER’de protein katlanmasinin gerceklesmesini saglayan glukoz duzenleyici protein 78, glukoz duzenleyici protein 94, lektin benzeri proteinler ve foldazlar bulunmaktadir. ER fonksiyon kapasitesini asan fizyolojik veya patolojik durumlarda lumende katlanmamis ya da yanlis katlanmis protein birikimi meydana gelir ve bu durum ER stresi olarak isimlendirilmektedir. ER stresi hucre icerisinde olustuktan sonra hucrenin hayati fonksiyonlarini devam ettirebilmek icin katlanmamis protein cevabi (UPR) adi verilen sinyal yolaklari devreye girmektedir. Protein kinaz RNA (PKR) benzeri ER kinaz (PERK), aktive edici transkripsiyon faktoru (ATF6), inozitol gerektiren kinaz 1 (IRE1) yolaklari UPR sinyal yolaklarinin baslicalaridir. Endoplasmic reticulum stress and unfolded protein response Another important function of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which has many important tasks in the cell, is to ensure the protein folding. In ER, there are glucose regulated protein 78, glucose regulated protein 94, lectin like proteins and foldases, which enable the protein folding. In case of physiological and pathological situations that exceed the function capacity of ER, unfolded or misfolded protein accumulation occurs in lumen and this case is named as ER stress. After the ER stress occurs in the cell, the signal pathways named unfolded protein response (UPR) step in for the continuance of the vital functions of the cell. Major UPR signal pathways include protein kinase RNA (PKR) like ER kinase (PERK), activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6), j requiring kinase 1 (IRE1). J. Exp. Clin. Med., 2012; 29:95-100