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The most important concept in digital twin creation is how well the object represents reality and how updatable it is. At this point, photogrammetry is one of the methods that best represent reality as it is a method of creating 3D models from images. With photogrammetry, multiple images of an object can be taken from different angles to create a 3D model of the object, which can then be used to create a digital twin. The focus of this paper is to formulate the basic requirements for a representation of 3D photogrammetric data generated from image data to function as a digital twin and to show how these basic requirements can be implemented in a prototype digital twin. For these purpose, digital twins of three objects of different sizes and complex structures were created by photogrammetry method and SfM algorithm in Context Capture software. Finally, the digital twin was visualized and presented to the user as augmented reality in an easyto- access mobile or WEB based. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Internet-based technological developments are increasing day by day and are quickly included in human life. Metaverse, which corresponds to the meanings of the advanced universe and the superuniverse, has come to the fore again with the digital platform companies directing their investments to this technology, although it is based on an older concept. Metaverse technology, which is on the way to become an unchangeable part of life all over the world over time, needs to be examined in terms of jurisprudence. In Islamic law, the principle of freedom is taken as a basis for every item that provides the benefit of the society and the individual and does not contradict the general principles of religion. According to this principle, it is assumed that every new product and item that emerges with the advancement of the age is halal as long as it does not contradict the principles of Islam. Accordingly, although it is not haram to use the internet as an important part of life for the last quarter century, the interest of fiqh is about how this technology is used. At the first stage, while determining the limitations of the use of the digital world in terms of fiqh, the religious/legal dimension of the actions of the participants in the server will be discussed. The principle of inviolability of personal rights such as personal immunity, material security and intellectual property within the scope of the rights granted to human beings by both universal law and fiqh is accepted in force in the virtual world as well as providing social order in the world we live in. Personal information evaluated within the scope of civil law is also valid for the information of Metaverse users, and wrongful acts designed towards NFT products and virtual wallets are seen against Islamic principles. The fact that the product, which is the place of the contract, is like property in Islam (mutaqawwīm) is one of the basic requirements of an accurate contract. Therefore, as one of the limitations of use in this technology, the sale of things that are not considered as goods such as pork and alcohol to be sold over virtual reality or that the seller does not have yet (ma'dūm) will be deemed invalid. Although there are different opinions on the permissibility of marriage contracts established over video and audio connections, the general attitude is that this is valid. As a matter of fact, although the parties to the contract are physically far from each other, the condition of parliamentary unity has been fulfilled with augmented reality. Although the aforementioned technology has a more flexible use in the relations of fiqh, it is not possible to benefit from this technology in the field of worship. Because the content of some worships includes financial, some physical, and some both financial and physical difficulties. Of these, bodily worship has certain formal characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Augmented Reality (AR) is a technology that allows virtual content to be seamlessly integrated with the real world, viewed via handheld viewers such as smartphones, tablets, or VR headsets with a front camera. The most important feature of this technology is that it visualizes abstract concepts. Many studies report that data communications are extremely complex because TCP/IP and OSI models contain elaborate abstract concepts and protocols. Connecting disparate systems, creating data flows between two endpoints, and performing data transformations between layers are just a few of these complexities. In this study, a research is conducted to determine whether AR environments are the solution for teaching abstract concepts that are difficult to learn such as TCP/IP and OSI models. The aim is to develop an AR network design environment in which students can learn the basics of concepts such as TCP/IP and OSI and improve their network experience. This environment is based on a new gamebased mobile training method in which network nodes behave intelligently and IP addresses are dynamically managed. In this way, users have the opportunity to learn the abstract concepts of TCP/IP and OSI models in 3D, interactive and hands-on with the mobile AR headset anywhere. Experimental results have shown that concrete interface interactions and AR environments are useful teaching tools for students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study has been carried out in order to question the ethical problems that big data-based products cause or may cause on privacy, and to reveal redictions for the future, in today's world where big data technology has developed and entered every area of our lives and brought privacy discussions with it. In this direction, 8 scenes selected from the "The Entire History of You" episode of the Black Mirror series, based on science fiction films and TV series that can reflect the future, were analyzed according to the semiotic analysis methods of Sassure and Barthes, and were examined in the context of ethical discussions on privacy in big data. According to this analysis, it was seen that the big data product with augmented reality and internet of things features in the series caused violations of personal and personal information privacy. It is thought that these violations will contribute to the ethical dimension of privacy in future big data studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most basic qualities of being human is the ability to use technology, and another is to communicate and therefore to carry information to the future. Technological developments continue rapidly in terms of software and hardware. With Web 3.0, institutions and organizations are transforming the individual's way of communicating, archivingsharing information, and socializing more dramatically than in previous periods. This article is based on the assumption of new types of journalism depending on the development of technology. The media have always been the most devoted followers of technology. The close follow-up of technology by media organizations, which started with the invention of the printing press, continues in newspapers, television, radio and new media extensions, and inevitably, data journalism, robot journalism, drone journalism, augmented reality journalism, blockchain journalism, etc. reveals new types and practices of journalism. One of the newer genres is immersive journalism. Technological developments reveal that this type of journalism using virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) technologies will not be permanent, thus preparing users, journalists and media organizations for a new medium. Studies on immersive journalism are limited in Turkey. This article is an attempt to define immersive journalism. With the descriptive analysis method, it is tried to understand what immersive journalism is, why it emerged and how it is applied. Therefore, it can be questioned whether there is a type of journalism that can adapt to a new medium, the Metaverse. Thus, it is hoped that this study will be functional for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study was to investigate and implement an augmented reality-based platform and appropriate digital content for personalized non-formal and free learning of architectural and cultural heritage, which has lost its physical or structural integrity. It was aimed to raise awareness about cultural heritage and its appreciation by future generations. Developing a digital memory and making cultural heritage accessible with the help of new technologies were the main concerns of the study. In this respect, a study on a mobile, geolocation-based augmented reality application, which have simultaneous localization and mapping function, was conducted. The Temple of Augustus, which is an important archaeological site in Ankara, was chosen as a sample structure for the study. A digital 3D model of the building was prepared. This model was superimposed and aligned with the point cloud produced by the augmented reality platform with the help of photographs taken from the ruins. This overlap served as a marking function, so that even if the angle of the camera used by the application on mobile devices changes or the structure leaves the field of view and re-enters, the digital model placed on the site can be viewed at the right angle, with scaled size and material mapping. In this study, the possibilities of perceiving the geometric and semantic knowledge of the building as a whole, and experiencing that digital content interactively were investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Augmented reality technology is one of the current technologies used in many fields such as education, engineering, and industry. The effect of augmented reality on fields attracts the attention of researchers day by day. This research aims to reveal the current situation and trends in the field by examining the articles using augmented reality technologies in the field of maintenance and repair with bibliometric analysis techniques. In the research, 661 documents in the Web of Science database between 1998-2022 were examined. Co-word analysis, citation analysis, and co-authorship analysis, which are bibliometric analysis techniques, were used. In this way, a general evaluation of the field (current trends, most influential author, article, journal, and author collaboration) is presented. Analyzes were performed with VOSwiever software. It has been determined that the current trends are towards education, virtual reality, and industry 4.0, the most influential author is Soh Khim Ong, the most influential magazine is Automation in Construction, and the most effective publication is Augmented reality applications in design and manufacturing. As a result of the findings, suggestions about the field (subject, author, journal, article, and collaboration) were presented to the researchers. The general results of the study shed light on future studies in terms of determining the research interests and trends of publications in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to report the trends of academic studies on augmented reality in mathematics education. The study is descriptive research and is a kind of literature review within the limited databases scanned. During the study, a search was made in the categories related to education by using the keywords "Augmented Reality" and "Mathematics" in Web of Science (WoS) databases. The data set of the study consists of 122 academic studies published between 2010-2022 in accordance with the criteria determined by the researcher. According to the results of the study, the number of mathematics education research on augmented reality has increased in 2016 and later in parallel with the following years. While the most frequently published language in these studies was English, the most common type of academic study was articles and papers. The most commonly used research models are experimental, systematic review and screening, respectively. On the other hand, USA, Mexico, and Spain are the three countries where mathematics education studies related to augmented reality are published the most, respectively. The most frequently used keywords in mathematics education studies related to augmented reality were "augmented reality", "mathematics", "stem", "virtual reality", "technology", "stem education" and "math education". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cyber space, which is called the fifth dimension in human life, has started to transform into a different living space with metaverse applications. In its current form, the metaverse universe, where education, games and entertainment, art, architecture, commercial etc. applications are used for field needs, has recently become an area where technology leader organizations focus and invest more. With these investments, 3D technologies, virtual reality, augmented reality and artificial intelligence studies for the metaverse universe have also increased. Based on the developments in this subject, this study emphasizes the importance and necessity of studies in the metaverse universe. In the study, researches and results related to the metaverse were examined. For this purpose, a descriptive research model was used. In terms of research philosophy, the basic research model and document research model related to the application method were created. The universe of the research consists of studies obtained through Google Scholar. Studies on metaverse in the last 20 years have been downloaded with the specified keyword. As a result of the research, it was determined that the studies on the metaverse increased especially after the pandemic, it was used especially in the game industry and it was applied to an increasingly diverse field. It has been stated that countries that want to take place in this universe, which is expected to reach billions of users, should accelerate their studies and decide which of the "user" and "producer" positions they want to take place in. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, mixed-meta method was used to reveal the effect of Augmented Reality Applications (ARA) on academic achievement and to determine the effectiveness of its use in the teaching environment in cognitive, affective and social dimensions. In the context of mixed-meta, both quantitative (meta-analytical) and qualitative (thematic) dimensions were used in the study. Within the scope of meta-analysis, the data of 28 national and international studies accessed from different databases, which enable to determine the effect size of ARA on academic achievement, were analyzed with CMA and MetaWin programs. For the meta-thematic dimension, 13 qualitative researches obtained from different databases were analyzed via the Atlas.ti 9.0 program according to the content analysis. As a result of the meta-analysis, the effect size of ARA on academic achievement was determined as g = 0.978. It has been revealed that this value has a positive and wide effect. On the other hand, with the meta-thematic analysis, a large number of codes revealing the positive effectiveness of ARA in social, cognitive and affective areas have been reached. The relevant results revealed that a well-designed ARA is effective on increasing academic achievement and contributes to cognitive, affective and social learning by creating efficient environments. Therefore, it is recommended to use these applications more widely, which gives students the opportunity to teach more enjoyable lessons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, it is aimed to determine the level of use of social media by domestic tourists visiting Kırklareli Vize destination and their level of being affected by social media in their destination preferences. Through the questionnaire prepared in this direction, data were obtained from 430 domestic tourists who visited Vize between 1 June and 30 October 2019. After the analyzes carried out, it was determined that the participants shared their positive and negative experiences about the destinations they visited intensively on social media; follows the social media accounts for tourism destinations carefully; tends to visit destinations by seeing them from social media; he thinks that social media is effective in promoting destinations, he likes to share his comments and recommendations about destinations; follows the price information and campaigns related to the destinations; It has been determined that they decide on the destinations according to the comments and recommendations in their social media accounts and make reservations in the destinations they are affected by examining the social media. The findings of the research show that the active and efficient use of social media tools contributes to the promotion of destinations and plays an important role in the destination selection process, since visitors can reach the information they are looking for effectively. Therefore, considering these results of all stakeholders related to destination management and marketing, the visuality of destinations as infrastructure and content has been improved; It is recommended to use virtual or augmented reality applications at points that need to be highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the tourism sector is perceived as far from technological developments due to its service-oriented nature, it is in fact greatly affected by all these developments. Since industrial revolutions are at the root of these developments, it does not seem possible that the industry will not be affected by the Industrial 4.0 revolution. In this study, the ways in which technological developments are handled in the tourism sector have been examined. In order to shed light on the technological applications that can be carried out in the tourism sector, the researches in the relevant accommodation sector in the last 20 years have been examined with various keywords based on Industry 4.0. It has been determined that these studies are related to topics such as big data, virtual reality, augmented reality, tourist guidance systems, internet of things, social media and analysis of web pages and mobile applications. It was seen that the data used in the studies were generally obtained from web pages or the evaluations of tourists. It is important to obtain the data for businesses, and is necessary to ensure the security. There are few studies on mobile applications in the literature. Virtual reality and augmented reality have the opportunity to offer tourists "try-before-you-buy" experience and their applications are more increasing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the post-truth period, which gained the fame of being an age in which "fake" undermines "truth", the trues supported by emotions, not proven by facts, have increased; "objective facts" have been replaced by "persuasive thoughts". In the study, the meeting of South Korean mother who lost daughter with cancer in 2016 and her daughter in cybernetic space after four years as an event will be examined. In this case, one of the parties is artificial, virtual, human production, but the other side is completely real. The event, which depicts the cybernetic environment and is reported in the media with the title of "reunification" proves the assumption that the "fake" in the "post-truth" age also generates intimate feelings and that holding onto lies is easier than accepting the truth. As a matter of fact, although the meeting is an unrealistic event, the mother's feelings for the virtual is real when she sees the daughter "produced" by technology, her feeling is not the happiness, serenity, contrarily the pain of losing again. In this study, the virtual environment built by technology stands out as a medium where pain is reproduced rather than utilitarian. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Augmented Reality applications, which provide the opportunity to see the real world together with virtual objects, are widely used in many areas as well as in education and training. In the literature, it was determined that different results were obtained in different studies examining the effect of Augmented Reality applications on students' academic achievement. In current study, the effect of Augmented Reality on academic achievement was investigated by meta-analysis method, which is defined as combining numerical data obtained from many studies and independent from each other. The study, between 2010 and 2020 examined the effect on the academic achievement of augmented reality applications in Turkey, 59 studies were included. In addition, the teaching level, the course in which augmented reality was applied and the year in which the study was conducted were considered as moderator variables in the study and its effect on academic achievement was examined. The results show that augmented reality applications have a wide effect on students' academic achievement. Among the moderators examined in the present study, it was determined that the effect level differed significantly according to the course in which the AR application was performed, while the effect size did not differ significantly according to the teaching level and the years in which the research was conducted. Future studies are needed to determine the effect of AR applications on academic achievement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of augmented reality applications is important in terms of enriching the display methods in museums and preserving cultural elements in the cultural heritage areas and ensuring that tourists are better understood. The use of augmented reality applications that can support tourist guides and improve their quality of service while performing their profession, makes the tour a compelling experience, while providing tourists with a better level of information on the subjects described. In this context, the main purpose of this study is to determine the perception levels of tourist guides towards augmented reality applications. The data of the study was obtained by face-to-face and telephone interviews with tourist guides through semistructured interview form. In this study, which is designed as a qualitative research, descriptive analysis technique is used within the scope of phenomenological research design. Since only 22 tourist guides from 100 tourist guides included in the study were informed about augmented reality applications, the views of the relevant tourist guides could be evaluated. In this respect, it is concluded that the awareness level of augmented reality applications is low among tourist guides. Relevant tourist guides mentioned that the use of augmented reality applications during tours is important, but also stated that there will be positive effects on tourist guides and tourists. Because of the inadequate number of augmented reality applications used during the tours, and therefore the tourist guides cannot experience these applications sufficiently, it is thought that the guides have low levels of satisfaction and recommended rates for augmented reality applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the developing and fast changing technology, marketing strategies have also necessarily changed in order to meet the demands and needs of consumers. The fact that businesses don't keep up with this changing system puts them out of the wheel. In daily life, where consumption never ends, marketing strategies are also consumed very quickly. Its name changes according to the ages, but the main goal is always more profitability. Sales and marketing are now digitalized and shopping has become widespread in virtual environments. Most customer services are performed by Chatbots. Each one from Siri to augmented reality application is in our lives. These smart systems date back to the 1970s. Well, where are the artificial intelligence and smart robots that take their place in almost every sector, which is the favorite of recent years, from health to defense? Although the answer to this question has just begun to be researched, it isn't difficult to predict that it will be one of the most important issues in the near future. The exact answer to this question is sought in this study, the place and future of artificial intelligence in marketing strategies are mentioned. In addition to the fact that the study contributes to the academic world, it is thought that it will also be useful in artificial intelligence studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Industry 4.0 includes unmanned production, robotic systems and automation at every stage of production, including artificial intelligence, machine learning, cloud computing, internet of objects, layered manufacturing, simulation, smart factories, big data, cloud computing and augmented reality / virtual reality. Quality is one of the main factors of production. Therefore quality is affected by these components of Industry 4.0. So quality can not be expected to remain with classical quality understanding. Quality is directly related to production and the degree of suitability for use. With the technological advances brought by Industry 4.0, quality is expected to be achieved with lower cost and perfection beyond customer expectations. In this study, the effect of Industry 4.0 components on quality performance factors will be examined and the concept of quality 4.0 will be explained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, technology integration self-efficacy beliefs of prospective teachers and their experiences with augmented reality learning environment throughout the study were examined. This study was designed with explanatory mixed method. Participants in this study were 44 sophomores in elementary mathematics education department of a public university in Turkey. The participants engaged augmented reality activities about nets of solid figure, surface area of solid figures, volume with unit cubes and spatial ability for four weeks. Data were collected through technology integration self-efficacy scale, which was administrated as pretest and posttest, and interviews, which were handled at the end of the study. Quantitative data were analyzed through paired sample t-test while qualitative data were handled through frequency and content analyses. The results showed that augmented reality-based learning tools have a positive effect on technology integration self-efficacy beliefs of prospective mathematics teachers. In addition, it was observed a significant increase in prospective teachers' self-efficacy about technology integration as well as their beliefs about use of technology and making students use of technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It has become inevitable for technology, which develops rapidly in terms of individuals adapting to a virtual world, to affect every aspect of their lives. The technological and technological factors that affect individuals from their lifestyle perspective also affect their shopping habits. Individuals who can be aware of everything at any moment and who can easily access the information are devoted to the passive role. Therefore, in today's age, individuals are not only in a consuming position but also in a production-influencing position. This requires the brands that make up the marketing strategy or the technological innovations of the companies to follow and actively use them. This study aimed to examine whether individuals do not have an age limit to adopt technological innovations and to examine the effects or contributions of these innovations on marketing. The transition from digital to phygital is a new concept. Augmented reality and virtual reality applications within this phygital order are much more involved. Phygital applications, which provide a more realistic and more tangible environment for individuals, are successful in attracting their attention. It has been found appropriate to use the online survey in the quantitative research category in order to be able to obtain opinions about the phygital marketing which takes place among the marketing techniques. As a result of the study, it has been seen that individuals will easily adapt to the phygital marketing content, including augmented reality and virtual reality applications, and the positive effects of these applications will be consumed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, an object detection approach suitable for mobile augmented reality is presented. The baseline approach is based on matching keypoint descriptors and verifying these matches with geometric constraints. The performance optimizations necessary for speeding up matching are detailed. It is also demonstrated that it is possible to increase the performance of the Locality Sensitive Hashing by exploiting approaches from the information retrieval field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an up-to-date review of the literature on the two interesting topics from the field of computer graphics. While the recent research on the broad research areas of Augmented Reality and Tracking are examined, applications related to cultural heritage were emphasized due to the reasons mentioned in the paper. Several methods and example applications were presented in a superficial but clear manner to facilitate the foundation of a new research area in our country which has a vast amount of resources for the mentioned type of application. Common problems with these methods are presented along with possible solutions. After the presentation of related research in our country, a protoype application named "Desktop History" was presented in order to consolidate the text and provide a concrete example. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an up-to-date review of the literature on the two interesting topics from the field of computer graphics. While the recent research on the broad research areas of Augmented Reality and Tracking are examined, applications related to cultural heritage were emphasized due to the reasons mentioned in the paper. Several methods and example applications were presented in a superficial but clear manner to facilitate the foundation of a new research area in our country which has a vast amount of resources for the mentioned type of application. Common problems with these methods are presented along with possible solutions. After the presentation of related research in our country, a protoype application named "Desktop History" was presented in order to consolidate the text and provide a concrete example. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]