Search

Copyright of Yıldırım Beyazıt Law Review (YBLR) is the property of Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University Law School and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Çalışma ve Toplum is the property of Calisma ve Toplum and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Çalışma ve Toplum is the property of Calisma ve Toplum and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Çalışma ve Toplum is the property of Calisma ve Toplum and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Çalışma ve Toplum is the property of Calisma ve Toplum and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Galatasaray Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of GALATASARAY UNIVERSITESI HUKUK FAKULTESI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Conference Journal of Social Policy / Sosyal Siyaset Konferanslar Dergisi is the property of Journal of Social Policy Conferences/Sosyal Siyaset Konferanslar Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Akademik Hassasiyetler is the property of Huzeyfe Suleyman Arslan and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Çalışma ve Toplum is the property of Calisma ve Toplum and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Çalışma ve Toplum is the property of Calisma ve Toplum and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Social Policy Studies / Sosyal Politika Çalismalari Dergisi is the property of Journal of Social Policy Studies / Sosyal Politika Calismalari Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Çalışma ve Toplum is the property of Calisma ve Toplum and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Çalışma ve Toplum is the property of Calisma ve Toplum and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bartin University Journal of Faculty of Economics & Administrative Sciences / Bartın Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Bartin University, Faculty of Economics & Administrative Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Social Security / SGD-Sosyal Güvenlik Dergisi is the property of Journal of Social Security / SGD-Sosyal Güvenlik Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Çalışma ve Toplum is the property of Calisma ve Toplum and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Çalışma ve Toplum is the property of Calisma ve Toplum and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of MEMLEKET: Politics & Administration / Siyaset Yönetim is the property of Local Governments Research, Assistance & Education Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Çalışanların temel haklarını garanti altına almayı amaçlayan işletmeler için “SA 8000 Sosyal Sorumluluk Standardı (Social Accountability 8000) ortaya çıkmıştır. Çalışanların temel hakları ise, sendika özgürlüğü ve toplu sözleşme hakkı, çocuk işçiliği, ücret, ayrımcılık, çalışma saatleri, zorla ve zorunlu çalışma, disiplin, sağlık ve güvenliktir. SA 8000 standardının temel gereksinimleri de bu konulardır.SA 8000 standardı, yeni ve gelişmekte olan sosyal ve insan hakları sorunları karşısında sürekli uygulanabilirliğini sağlamak için düzenli olarak güncellenmektedir. SA 8000: 2008'den SA 8000: 2014'e geçiş dönemi, 1 Ocak 2016'da başlamıştır. Bu çalışmada, SA 8000: 2014 versiyonu incelenmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, yenilenen SA 8000: 2014 Sosyal Sorumluluk Standardına göre çalışma yaşamını değerlendirmektir. Standardın gerekliliklerini, Türkiye’deki ulusal yasalar ile birlikte incelenecektir. Bununla birlikte, SA 8000: 2008 standardı ile SA 8000: 2014 standardı arasındaki değişiklikler ele alınacaktır. SA 8000 Sosyal Sorumluluk Standardının topluma, çalışanlara, devlete ve işverenlere sağlayacağı faydalar açıklanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, SA 8000 standardının birçok işletmede uygulanması gerektiği savunulmaktadır.

Copyright of Journal of Management & Labor / Yönetim ve Çalışma Dergisi is the property of Yonetim ve Calisma and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of the Institute of Social Sciences Cankiri Karatekin University / Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi is the property of Cankiri Karatekin University, Institute of Social Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Çalışma ve Toplum is the property of Calisma ve Toplum and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Çalışma ve Toplum is the property of Calisma ve Toplum and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Turkbilig/Turkoloji Arastirmalari Dergisi is the property of Turkbilig/Turkoloji Arastirmalari Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Social Security / SGD-Sosyal Güvenlik Dergisi is the property of Journal of Social Security / SGD-Sosyal Güvenlik Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of this paper is to evaluate the main trajectory and dynamics of Turkish trade unionism in the years of 2010s. The essay focuses on the trade union density, the interactions between trade unions and government as well as the trends of collective bargaining and strike in these years. The main two arguments addressed in this study are: a) a deep symbiotic relationship prevails between pro-government trade unions and the ruling party and b) authoritarian corporatism being the pronounced trend has been firmly upward. In the years of 2010s, the trade union density has raised both quantitatively and proportionally. However, this development is fundamentally asymmetric. While the pro-government unions have gained power and recruited huge members in a short time without facing any challenges and obstacles, the other unions have lost their members, made no progress or faced weakening of their representation power. In this process, presence of the symbiotic relations become very significant. Moreover, in terms of the relations of collective labour relations between the government and unions, the authoritarian corporatism has gained power. The government has determined the national wage policy and the main trends of the industrial relations via its authoritarian corporatist manner. The bans and limitations on the right to strike and right to bargain collectively are the other pillars of this authoritarian corporatist regime. Within such a framework, it can be claimed that in Turkey, although the trade union pluralistic system is experienced de jure, a de facto "most favoured trade union" regime is the dominant one. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ÖZ: Taraflar açısından kararların bağlayıcılığının olmadığı arabuluculuk mekanizması, toplu iş uyuşmazlıklarındaki barışçı yollardan biridir. Tarihsel süreç içinde Türkiye’de, uzlaştırma mekanizmasına yer verilmiş olsa da, genel eğilimin arabuluculuktan yana olduğu görülmektedir. Nitekim, 6356 sayılı Kanun’da da tercih arabuluculuktan yana devam etmiş, uyuşmazlığın tespiti ve arabulucu seçimi geçmişe göre sadeleştirilmiştir. Yeni kanundaki en önemli değişiklik ise, grev kararının alınmış olduğu uyuşmazlıklarda da arabuluculuk mekanizmasının kullanılabilecek olmasıdır. Tarafların arabuluculuk mekanizmasına olan “taraflar arasındaki mücadelede grev öncesi, aşılması gereken bir aşama” yönündeki algısını değiştirmek için sistemin işlevselliğinin attırılması önemli ve gereklidir. Bu çalışmada, arabuluculuk sisteminin oluşumu ile arabulucuların nitelikleri, izleyeceği stratejiler, tarafların davranışsal tepkileri ve arabuluculuk teşkilatı ile ilgili önerilerde bulunulmuştur. Önerilerin hareket noktasını, Çalışma ve Sosyal Güvenlik Bakanlığı’nda 2000–2010 yılları arasında incelenen 4 işkolundaki, 697 adet arabulucu raporları oluşturmuştur. Anahtar Kelimeler: Arabulucu, Uzlaştırma, Toplu İş Uyuşmazlığı, Barışçı Çözüm Yolları, Toplu Pazarlık. ABSTRACT: Mediation is one of the main non-binding alternative resolution methods in industrial collective disputes. Alternative dispute resolution has long-run tradition in Turkish industrial relations; otherwise mediation has been more frequently used. For instance in new regulations for collective bargaining in article of 6356 still mediation process has given priority over the other alternative methods and provides simplification process for mediation application. Also some of regulations in article of 6356 given small – scale and non-significant amendment into mediation application process and being able to reach to mediation process after strike decision. Empowerment of alternative resolution mechanism has been evaluated important factor related industrial relations system for decade by researchers and indicated that minimize perception of parties about process which is compulsory but ineffective before strike action. Also new policy design should focused build on functional beneficiaries between parties. This study try to highlight factors which may made more efficient mediation process and bring out quality of mediators, effective strategies and behavioral circumstances of parties. Therefore some of them may seen useful advices related to optimal institutional design about regulatory mediation office. This advices based on research which classified 697 mediator reports in 4 sector from 2000 to 2010 at Ministry of Labour and Social Security official archive. Keywords: Mediation, Conciliation, Collective Labour Dispute, Alternative Dispute Resolution, Collective Bargaining.

Copyright of Trakya University, Economics & Administrative Sciences Faculty E-Journal / Trakya Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi E-dergi is the property of T.C. Trakya Universitesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Mülkiye Dergisi is the property of Mulkiye Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Social Security / SGD-Sosyal Güvenlik Dergisi is the property of Journal of Social Security / SGD-Sosyal Güvenlik Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Çalışma ve Toplum is the property of Calisma ve Toplum and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Çalışma ve Toplum is the property of Calisma ve Toplum and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

There is a belatedness on the subject of development of public officials unionism in Turkey. However, the changes made at the referendum on 12th September 2010 on current 1982 Constitution showed that, compared with past years more effort has been made to improve the public officials' union rights and to provide the suitability to international norms by the present government, public opinion and business world. In this study as an important example of this effort of the constitutional amendment on 12 September 2010 in working life and their effects on public officials unionism was analyzed by comment and content analysis method. Thus, for public officials collective bargaining turned to collective agreement, it can be said that by making the secondary regulations in the future the official unions can gain the right of strike that they longed for. However, before that the matter must be solved is that the term official must be clarified precisely and what are utilities and the duty of senior public administrations and who are the officials that do these duties must be redetermined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years the weakening in union movement in the world and in our country is obvious. If the unions take the internal factors such as employee opinions into consideration as well as external factors, this will increase their power and effectiveness. In this research the knowledge of 335 public officials employed in Manisa Food Agriculture and Stockbreeding Provincial directorate about the union regulation under the scope of "Public Official Union and Law of Collective Bargaining no. 4688" and their approach towards the union activities were measured. According to research findings, public officials have sufficient knowledge about union regulation but they think unions barely perform the activities forecasted in law no. 4688. Public officials stated that unions express their opinions related with the melioration of working conditions, fulfill the legislative assistance demands and take care of the problems about work and work place. On the other hand public official also think that unions are not effective in work life, union representatives cannot sufficiently represent the members, unions do not perform enough educational activities for elevating the vocational sufficiency of the members and unions do not use a portion of their income for elevating knowledge and experience of members. Public officials, who expressed that their satisfaction about the union activities generally decreased, do not want to take place in the union activities all the time. The expectations of employees from the unions were determined and proposals were submitted under the scope of the findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The institution of strike ballot was re-regulated by the "Act on Labour Unions and Collective Labour Agreements", which have been adopted very recently. According to the new regulations, unlike the previous ones, regional directorate is the competent authority to receive applications for a strike ballot and a simple majority shall determine the result of a strike ballot. Moreover, legal aspects regarding the issues of establishments agreement and group bargaining are clarified. The recently adopted by-law on the implementation of strike ballot includes some restrictive regulations, which are not stipulated under the new laws. Thus, such regulations are not in compliance with the law. In particular, granting the right to object to strike ballots only to workers who are members of labour unions and stipulating that the labour union, which lost a strike ballot, must make a bargain with the other party within six days constitute regulations that are not explicitly stated under the laws. The fact that the labour union having lost the strike ballot does not immediately lose its power to make a collective labour agreement shall, in practice, cause the weak labour unions to contract collective labour agreements with the employer at all costs. Since, instead of a qualified majority requirement, a simple majority of those who voted suffices, it becomes easier to defy strike. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mediation is one of the main non-binding alternative resolution methods in industrial collective disputes. Alternative dispute resolution has long-run tradition in Turkish industrial relations; otherwise mediation has been more frequently used. For instance in new regulations for collective bargaining in article of 6356 still mediation process has given priority over the other alternative methods and provides simplification process for mediation application. Also some of regulations in article of 6356 given small - scale and non-significant amendment into mediation application process and being able to reach to mediation process after strike decision. Empowerment of alternative resolution mechanism has been evaluated important factor related industrial relations system for decade by researchers and indicated that minimize perception of parties about process which is compulsory but ineffective before strike action. Also new policy design should focused build on functional beneficiaries between parties. This study try to highlight factors which may made more efficient mediation process and bring out quality of mediators, effective strategies and behavioral circumstances of parties. Therefore some of them may seen useful advices related to optimal institutional design about regulatory mediation office. This advices based on research which classified 697 mediator reports in 4 sector from 2000 to 2010 at Ministry of Labour and Social Security official archive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Law No. 6356 on Trade Unions and Collective Labour Agreements which replaced the Law No. 2821 on Trade Unions and the Law No. 2822 on Collective Bargaining Agreements, Strikes and Lock-Outs regulating collective labour relations has combined the previous two laws under a single law, and the new Law has brought about some changes in the collective labour relations. The new Law has limited the scope of prohibitions on strike and extended the rights on, such as duration of strikes, housing, acts and propaganda, in favour of workers. Lock-out has been re-included in the new Law as an employer's right to strike. Nevertheless, the right to strike, rather than being a right in itself, has remained within the system of collective bargaining agreements, and it can be seen that the criticisms of the International Labour Organization regarding our country have not been eliminated by the new arrangements to a considerable extent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is aimed to analise and to comment the exemption of the wage determination by collective bargaining from the scope of the Competition Law in Turkey. The paper is organized in three chapters. Chapter one provides a brief review of the concepts in this field. Determinated indicators have been taken in the second chapter. Chapter two has two sub-chapters and focuses on the analizing of determinated indicators. In first sub-chapter, changing in the comment of work contract in Turkey, basement approach of collective bargaining theory, international obligations of Turkey in this field, basic approach in the international competition law, the constitutional basement of collective bargaining in Turkey have been taken. Structural characteristics of labour market and collective agreement have been composed in the second sub-chapter. Findings and comments are provided in chapter three. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Iş, Güç: The Journal of Industrial Relations & Human Resources is the property of Is, Guc: The Journal of Industrial Relations & Human Resources and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Calisma Dünyasi Dergisi is the property of Ministry of Labour & Social Security of the Republic of Turkey and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Çalışma ve Toplum is the property of Calisma ve Toplum and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Çalışma ve Toplum is the property of Calisma ve Toplum and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this study, determinants of unemployment for Turkey have been investigated with the help of Johansen Co-integration Method for the period 2000:Q1-2011Q1. According to the findings, a co-integration relation has been founded between variables; increases in confidence index of real sector decrease unemployment rate as expected but increases in the number of collective bargaining agreements for private sector have an increasing impact on unemployment. And according to Error Correction Model's result; the error correction term coefficient (ECt-1) is negative and statistically significant as expected. Eventually approximately 23% deviations from the long-run equilibrium value eliminate in each period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Iş, Güç: The Journal of Industrial Relations & Human Resources is the property of Is, Guc: The Journal of Industrial Relations & Human Resources and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Conference Journal of Social Policy / Sosyal Siyaset Konferanslar Dergisi is the property of Journal of Social Policy Conferences/Sosyal Siyaset Konferanslar Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)