Search

Endocrine disrupting chemicals are found in many products such as soaps, shampoos, perfumes, kitchenware, textile materials, plastic bottles and containers, toys, and even foods and drinking water. These chemicals can enter the body through digestion, skin absorption, inhalation, and breast milk, as well as transplacentally. Although restrictions have been placed on the use of some chemicals, exposure continues due to the reintroduction of similar chemicals and the ability of certain chemicals to remain in the environment or in food chains for a long time. Endocrine disruptors can even cause intergenerational effects, and studies have shown them to have negative effects on many bodily systems. Hormonerelated cancers such as of the breast and prostate, as well as diabetes, obesity, precocious puberty, hormone level changes, being prone to infections, autoimmune diseases, asthma, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and learning difficulties, are some of the negative health consequences they cause. Genetic and environmental factors play a role in the development of certain endocrine disorders and cancers, and their increase over the years has drawn attention to how exposure to endocrine disruptors contributes to this situation. This review article examines the effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals such as phytoestrogens, bisphenol A, phthalates, perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), dioxins, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) on adolescent health in light of current studies. Taking precautions regarding exposure levels will help reduce the negative effects these chemicals have on adolescent health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bisphenol A is one of the most dangerous chemicals in terms of human health used in the production of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins. Food packaging materials such as some plastic and canned food used in the food industry also contain high levels of Bisphenol A. Bisphenol A has endocrine disruptor, toxic, teratogenic, carcinogenic, mutagenic and estrogenic effects and significantly affects human and animal health. The production of Bisphenol A, whose daily intake is limited by both our country and the world authorities, has reached 8 million tons today. In this review, information will be given about the importance of Bisphenol A in the food industry and in terms of public health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of vitamin E on renal histomorphology in rats exposed to bisphenol A (BPA). Materials and Methods: The rats were randomly divided into four groups as sham, vitamin E, BPA and vitamin E+BPA. The applications of vitamin E and BPA were continued for three weeks. Crossman's triple staining method was applied to the sections obtained from kidney tissues for histomorphological examinations at the end of the experiment. Also, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) level were measured in kidney tissue. Results: The number of corpusculum renis, diameters of proximal tubule, distal tubule, ascending limb of Henle's loop and collecting duct as well as SOD activity significantly decreased in BPA group compared to sham group. Also, the number of corpusculum renis, diameters of ascending limb of Henle's loop and collecting duct as well as SOD activity significantly increased in vitamin E+BPA group compared to BPA group. On the other hand, MDA level significantly increased in BPA group compared to sham group and it significantly decreased in vitamin E+BPA group compared to BPA group. Conclusion: BPA may cause histomorphological and oxidative changes in the kidney. In addition, vitamin E may contribute to the preservation of renal tissue by reducing oxidative damage in BPA exposure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polycarbonate (PC) material is widely used in food contact materials, especially in the production of water carboys and tableware. Bisphenol-A (BPA) is a crucial monomer of PC material and recently, it has been verified that BPA is able to migrate from PC materials into food and numerous studies indicate that BPA may adversely affect human health. PC material can be in contact with water at different temperatures for different periods, and it can be subjected to repetitive processes such as washing, sterilization. In several studies, it has been shown that the material can be degraded when exposed to different environmental conditions such as humidity, high temperature and as a result of degradation of PC material the amount of BPA present in the material may change. For this reason in this study, BPA migration mechanism was investigated in PC materials used in contact with water and the effects of temperature, duration period and repetitive processes on BPA migration was investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In the study, it was aimed to determine the changes in the pancreas of rats exposed to bisphenol A (BPA) and to reveal the effects of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) on these changes. Materials and Methods: The rats were randomly divided into five groups as follows: control, sham, CoQ10, BPA and CoQ10+BPA. The applications of CoQ10 and BPA continued for fourteen days. Crossmon's triple staining method was applied to the pancreas sections for histopathological and histomorphological examinations. Also, estrogen receptor α (ERα) immunoreactivity on the pancreas tissue was examined immunohistochemically. Results: It was determined that histopathological changes in the endocrine part of the pancreas and ERα immunoreactivity on the pancreatic beta cells significantly increased in BPA group compared to control group. But a significant difference wasn't found between the groups in terms of histomorphological findings. On the other hand, a significant effect of CoQ10 wasn't observed on the parameters analyzed in the study. Conclusion: BPA might cause structural and functional disorders in the pancreas. Also, it might change ERα immunoreactivity, too. However, further studies are required to reveal the possible protective effects of CoQ10 in the pancreas of rats exposed to BPA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a plasticizer found in reusable plastic containers, food and beverage cans, baby bottles and dental sealants. BPA exposure has become an important health concern based on its ability to "leach" from these products and penetrate the materials contained within them. Importantly, BPA can be transferred via placenta or lactation and this may affect the living body in intrauterine or lactation period. Notch signaling pathway to regulate cell fate by modulating differentiation, proliferation, and survival of cells. It has been reported that the members of Notch signaling are expressed in brain. Notch1 is a member of Notch signalling pathway, that expresses in subventricular zone, choroid plexus, grey matter, white matter, hippocampus and cerebral vessels of brain. In our study, we examined the effect of BPA on Notch1 expression in 5 different time intervals of fetal and neonatal periods in vivo. Wistar rats were used in this study (n=60). Five different experimental and control groups were formed. The experimental groups were treated with BPA at 50 mg/kg/day when control groups were treated with sesame oil and ethanol at 9:1 (vehicle). During the first part of the experiment, BPA or vehicle was applied to three groups at 18-21, P 0-3 and P 4-7 periods. When BPA or vehicle were injected intraperitoneally to pregnant dams in E 18-21 group neonatal pups in P0-3 and P4-7 groups were given subcutaneous injections. The pups were sacrificed at the end of 7th day and their brain tissues were collected. During the second part of the experiment, similar applications with first experiment was performed. Following the application, pregnant dams were sacrificed and brain tissue of their fetuses were collected at E21st day and neonatal pups were sacrificed at P3rd day and their brains were collected. Notch1 expression was assessed by using immunohistochemistry. Notch1 was expressed in the pia mater, the grey matter, around ventricles (ventricular walls and sub ventricular zone) and in choroid and vascular plexus of brain. After BPA applications in fetal and neonatal periods, Notch1 expression was seen in different levels at E21st, P3rd and P7th days. In conclusion, the effects of BPA on Notch1 immunohistochemical expression in brain tissue, varies depends on exposure time and the developmental period during the exposure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bisphenol A (BPA), especially used in the structure of plastic materials and metal boxes for foods, may have negative effects on human health. The importance of BPA as an estrogenic endocrine disrupter has arisen in regards to the recent decline in the onset of puberty, especially among girls, throughout the world. In this review, the possible health effects of BPA on several body systems, including the reproductive system, and pubertal development will be discussed taking into account the available relevant literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, BPA has been attracted a great deal of attention as a contaminant migrating into foods. Migration routes into foods include inner coating of food cans and polycarbonate polymer based baby bottles, milk, water/beverage bottles and food preparation/servicing equipment. Toxic effects of BPA reported in many scientific articles are insufficient brain development in newborns and fetus, structural changes in body, hyperactivity, and prevention of fertility. Due to its estrogenic activity, concerns about the development of carcinogenicity are reported in different studies. These negative effects on human health have led legal authorities to revise legislations and to increase studies on this subject. European Food Safety Authority announced Tolerable Daily Intake (TDI) of BPA as 50μg/kg/day. In Turkey, BPA addition during the manufacturing of polycarbonate baby bottles is banned. In this study, migration sources for BPA, effects on health, research available in the literature and related legislations are reviewed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plastics have are widely used in daily life. One of their uses is for food packaging and food containers. The aim of this review is to introduce different types of chemicals that can leach from food packaging plastics into foods and cause human exposure and to describe their effects on health. The types of plastics were reviewed under the 13 headings in Turkish Codex Alimentarius and plastics recycling symbols were provided to enable the recognition of the type of plastic when applicable. Chemicals used during the production and that can cause health risks are investigated under the heading of the relevant type of plastic. The most important chemicals from plastic food packaging that can cause toxicity are styrene, 1,3-butadiene, melamine, formaldehyde, acrylamide, di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate, di-2-ethylhexyl adipate, vinyl chloride and bisphenol A. These chemicals have endocrine disrupting, carcinogenic and/or development disrupting effects. These chemicals may leach into foods depending on the chemical properties of the plastic or food, temperature during packaging, processing and storage, exposure to UV and duration of storage. Contact with fatty/oily or acidic foods, heating of the food inside the container, or drinking hot drinks from plastic cups, use of old and scratched plastics and some detergents increase the risk of leaching. The use of plastic containers and packaging for food and beverages should be avoided whenever possible and when necessary, less harmful types of plastic should be preferred. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]