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The Ottoman State was in a condition of insufficient preparation as it entered the First World War, which would determine its fate. This war had brought domestic production to a halt and created great obstacles to imported products. In this war, which started in 1914 and lasted for four years, the state suffered great losses in terms of economic, military, political and humanity, while the people behind the war suffered great scarcity. Especially in basic consumer products such as flour, milk, cheese and butter, prices increased excessively. This scarcity and price increase were not limited to food and other essential necessities. As a matter of fact, the scarcity of paper, which is a significant material in education, was felt seriously in this period. The fact that the available paper stocks were finished in a short time and the lack of paper caused the education, press and broadcasting activities to be disrupted. Even, the lack of paper reached the level that would prevent the usual activities in government offices. In this study, the paper scarcity that emerged in many parts of the state, especially in Istanbul during the war period between 1914-1918, attempts to supply the paper, the influences of the lack of paper and the activities of the Manager of the Government Printing Office, Mr. Ismail Hamit will be examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of International Journal of Eurasia Social Sciences / Uluslararasi Avrasya Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi is the property of International Journal of Eurosia Social Sciences / Uluslararasi Avrasya Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Electronic Turkish Studies is the property of Electronic Turkish Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Halide Edip, 1939-1951 dates essays in the evening. Writes from the beginning until 1945 is 73 grains. Halide Edip's 2nd this article World War II and the issue of world politics, Istanbul culture and art life, vehicles, Turkish-book-author presentation of world literature, Great Britain is subject. Halide Edip, a literary style and rich culture of the rise of Hitler with the idea of association, 2 The course of World War II, after the war of nations toğluluğunun establishment, freedom, democracy, civilization, will evaluate the concept of fascism The author, a social-political landscape of England appears today tells us how. The author of the Turkish society on the state of urban communities experiencing pain indicates that the transition to modern humans. Writers, art event on the grounds with all kinds of evaluations are available. Halide Edip's cultural arts performing arts occupy an important place in the article. The author has read sometimes works and sometimes on the evaluations are watching. French poet and writer who met the actor Alexis Rostand Cyrano'suyla year student, works in both English and French are the readers and a comparison. Halide Edip, differences between nations with art, culture, behavior and mentality are indicated by: British author of works of the French Cyrano'sunun üslûbunu hard to find a "nose the size of material and spiritual" is considered. Turn to the work of Turkish writer who appreciates Siyavuşgil'i Sabri Sabri Esat Esat's been in the inside of his head Rostan'ın Cyrano's, such as heart felt and been in the translation of the imagination, an indigenous culture based on the root of creation indicates that Cyrano. Halide Edip, writes about his beloved Istanbul in Istanbul's everyday life, shedding light on that day's scenes will transfer. Istanbul's natural, architectural issues such as coming into contact in the earlier novel, the author discussed in the article, itself a thousand people in transport and social movements identified from the profile is available in. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Hitit Theology Journal / Hitit İlahiyat Dergisi is the property of Hitit University Faculty of Divinity Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Journal of Modern Turkish History Studies / Çagdas Türkiye Tarihi Arastirmalari Dergisi is the property of Journal of Modern Turkish History Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Journal of Oriental Scientific Research / E-Sarkiyat Ilmi Arastirmalar Dergisi is the property of Journal of Oriental Scientific Research / e-Sarkiyat Ilmi Arastirmalar Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Journal of Art History / Sanat Tarihi Dergisi is the property of Ege University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The inaugural issue of the Ayine newspaper was published on August 18th, 1921 in Istanbul. It was published weekly, on Thursdays and continued with 72 issues. Although, the sub-title of "Ayine" mentions that "it is a humorous newspaper", it would be more accurate to call it a "journal" as it is produced once a week. Yusuf Ziya signed four of the portrait poems in "Ayine" with the penname "Çimdik," while Faruk Nafiz signing as "Çamlıbel" wrote one. They also published one each under their names as "Yusuf Ziya Bey/Portraits" and "Faruk Nafiz Bey/Portraits". This paper transcribed seven portrait poems from the magazine's early issues into Latin letters, and assessed them in light of the writers' personal histories and personas. In particular, the paper tried to determine the humorous element in the poems and nalyse the lements of humor. The examined portrait poems were then compared with the portrait poems written in previous periods, by poets/personalities who were generally loved, considered masters and respected. Thus, one of the aims of the study was to examine how contemporary poets use verse to expose each other's weaknesses/flaws of poets/personalities. This study, therefore, is unique in that it demonstrates via examples how portrait poetry may also be used to address the flaws of the subject's cherished personalities in addition to the praise and glorification of those individuals. The poems under discussion are especially significant since they are original poems at the intersection of under-picture poetry and portrait poetry traditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Fe Journal: Feminist Critique / Fe Dergi: Feminist Elestiri is the property of Ankara University, Women's Studies Center (KASAUM) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Idealkent: Journal of Urban Studies is the property of Idealkent and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

There are a wide variety of hazards that create disasters and emergencies. These dangers may occur directly in the area of residence or may occur due to the impact of danger in another region. Both scenarios affect the individual's life to different extents. Making preparations to reduce the impact and severity of harm and damage caused by hazard-related risks is an important step for prevention activities. Within the scope of this paper, the perceptions of individual preparedness for disasters and emergencies of faculty members working at universities in Istanbul were examined. Faculty members' perception of individual preparedness for disasters and emergencies is of great importance for the general safety of educational institutions and society. This perception is essential to ensuring the safety of students, staff and other stakeholders. Faculty members' ability to recognize potential dangers and take appropriate precautions increases their ability to react quickly and effectively in times of crisis. In addition, this perception encourages faculty members to contribute to disaster and emergency plans. By being aware of individual security, assuming a stronger protective role for the institution, the perception of individual preparedness is a vital factor for the overall security of educational institutions and society. The findings were analyzed and the results were compared. According to the findings obtained from the study, it was determined that parameters such as age, marital status, working in the private sector, having an administrative position, receiving training on disaster and emergency situations, and being exposed to danger in the institution where one works, have an impact on individual perception in preparation for disasters and emergencies. It has been observed that these topics have an impact on raising awareness. The importance of faculty members' perceptions, awareness and individual readiness regarding preparedness for disasters and emergencies is emphasized in the study and suggestions are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of SDU Journal of Social Sciences is the property of SDU Journal of Social Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Sirnak University Journal of Divinity Faculty / Sirnak Üniversitesi Ilahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Sirnak University, Journal of Divinity Faculty / Sirnak Universitesi Ilahiyat Fakultesi Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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After locavore was chosen as the best word of the year in 2007, its popularity increased gradually. Today great number of locavores consciously prefer locally produced food for the benefit of themselves and their community. Undoubtedly this conscious movement has its consequences in marketing discipline. Accordingly, this paper is purposed to examine the how locavore perceptions affect loyalty towards retailers that sell locally produced food. In this context, a survey was applied to people residing in Istanbul and Kocaeli districts to measure the robustness of these effects. Furthermore, attitude towards locavore is used as a control variable to reveal to what extend locavorism affects these proposed connections. According to results, for participants with low attitude, Social Responsibility and Health Consciousness variables have significant effect on local retailer shopping loyalty. However, for participants with high attitude, all independent variables proved to have substantial effect on local retailer shopping loyalty. As the first empirical study in Turkey on the subject, this paper will provide important insight to academia and practicioners due to today's ever-increasing consciousness in green marketing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Journal of Art History / Sanat Tarihi Dergisi is the property of Ege University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Journal of the Institute of Social Sciences Cankiri Karatekin University / Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi is the property of Cankiri Karatekin University, Institute of Social Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of International Journal of Language Academy is the property of Rota Kariyer and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Dumlupinar University Journal of Social Science / Dumlupinar Üniversitesi Soysyal Bilimler Dergisi is the property of Dumlupinar University (Journal of Social Sciences) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Considering the undercurrent ideological and epistemological contentions which underlay the project of an aspired Ottoman identity during the Hamidian period and the sociocultural ramifications of the Empire's ambiguous engagement with modernity, this paper attempts a cultural re-reading of the Francoturkish Literary Journal Maarifet (1898-?). Published in Constantinople by a Greek-Orthodox woman, Theodossia Sophroniadou, this journal stands out as typical "product" of a broader transitional discursive framework forged at the aesthetic and epistemological "limbo" between Enlightenment and Romanticism. Focusing on the editor's metaphysical outlook outlined in herearlier essay "The Starry Sky" (1894), on Dieudonnée's short stories and on the magazine's fashion, correspondence and sociability columns, this article draws from Eagleton's seminal study on "the Aesthetic", on Foucault's concept of the "Aesthetics of Existence" and on McNay's sociocentric approach on gender and agency and examines how Maarifet brings forth a declining discourse of anupper class "Aesthetic", the reverberations of which extend well beyond the symbolic and materialdimensions of an upper class femininity and agency to an implicit though eloquent critique both against modern massculture and against positivist strains of Young Turk thought. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Usak University Journal of Social Sciences / Uşak Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi is the property of Usak University Journal of Social Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Itobiad: Journal of the Human & Social Science Researches / İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of Itobiad: Journal of the Human & Social Science Researches and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Marmara University Social Sciences Institute / Öneri is the property of Marmara University, Institute of Social Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Intelligent transportation systems use parameters such as traffic flow, density and speed to manage city traffic. This paper presents a novel prediction model for traffic speed prediction consisting of nine stages. In the presented model, real vehicle data were passed through data filtering and map matching processes, density-based clusters were created, cluster features were generated, instant traffic state was displayed, and traffic speed prediction was performed using with the artificial neural network RNN model. In previous studies, while traffic speed prediction can be performed on a specific road with stationary data sources or on different days with distributed GPS records, in the developed model, characteristics of the interested road are created by obtaining density-based vehicle cluster features, short-term and data-driven speed prediction is made within the changeable structure of traffic. Speed prediction was tested on Eskisehir and Istanbul roads belonging to Ankara province, the error rates were determined for speed prediction using the RNN variant LSTM and GRU methods, Eskisehir road LSTM-GRU error rates were measured as 8,595-8,656 and İstanbul road error rates as 7,331-7,955, respectively. The developed model for the changeable nature of traffic has yielded successful results in near real time. It is considered that the proposed model will offer different and new solutions in the prediction of traffic parameters, accelerate the processes and assist to the users more accurate and faster services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of History Studies (13094688) is the property of History Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Türkiyat Mecmuasi is the property of Istanbul University, Institute of Turkish Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of ITU Journal Series D: Engineering is the property of Istanbul Technical University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)