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In this study, a long-term relationship between higher education as human capital investment, health and economic growth was investigated for the period 1991-2018 in Turkey through Gregory-Hansen (GH) cointegration approach with structural break. After determining the cointegration relationship between variables under the structural change in the cointegration vector and via taking the cointegration relationship found for model C/T into account, Fully Modified EKK (FMOLS), Dynamic Least Squares (DOLS) and Canonical Cointegration Regression (CCR) estimators were used. Our main results have shown that higher education has a negative impact on economic growth. Although these results are inconsistent with theoretical predictions, continuation of increase in the number of young unemployed people in Turkey revealed the unplanned character of higher education. This finding is also an expression which signifies that Turkey's economy is specialised in low skills and low productivity. Therefore, it is an important finding of this study that the expansion of higher education quantitatively rather than qualitatively does not contribute to economic growth. As the proxy variable that we considered regarding health, the effect of life expectancy at birth on economic growth is positive and greater than fixed capital investments. Hacker and Hatemi-J (2006) bootstrap causality test results related to growth and independent variables revealed a unidirectional causality relationship only from higher education towards growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to determine Turkey's position in the world in terms of Higher education through different criteria and to analyze its current status. Evaluating the competitiveness of Pamukkale University in terms of selected factors by comparing with the competitor universities in the neighborhood with similar dates of establishment is the second aim of this study. The qualitative method has been used in the study. YOK and universities' official reports and their web addresses have been taken as the basis, and the publications of some institutions and establishments have been used. Afterwards, Pamukkale University has been examined from different perspective together with the other universities. As a result of the study, it has appeared that higher education in Turkey falls behind the world-ranking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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