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The growth theories preceding the endogenous growth theories assume that firms do not have the resources to devote to technology development because of full competitive conditions. While there is a consensus in the these theorems that technological development is the engine of growth; Lucas (1988)'s "Endogenous Growth Model Based on Human Capital", explains technological progress and economic growth with human capital. In a significant part of the empirical studies, it has been concluded that the effect of human capital on economic growth is positive. However, there are results that the increase in human capital has no effect on economic growth. Economic growth instability, which began after the "2008 global crisis", still continue. Based on this situation, it has become very important to determine the long-term impact of human capital on economic growth in Fragile Five countries. In this study, the effect of human capital on economic growth between 1987-2019 in terms of Fragile Five economies was estimated using the panel data method. The findings obtained reveal that human capital plays an important role in order for these countries to increase their economic growth. In this context, human capital has an important role in raising the economic growth of these countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the relationship between human capital, and economic growth is discussed for developed and developing countries from an institutional perspective. 26 developed and 64 developing country groups with their annual data of 2002-2016 period is analyzed using real GDP per capita, education index, per capita health expenditure, democracy index, rule of law index and the control of corruption index with the panel data analysis method. Since the models installed in the analysis do not have model assumptions, the Driscoll-Kraay resistive estimator is predicted to achieve effective and consistent results. According to findings, it is determined that the relationship among education, health, democracy, legal structure, control of corruption and economic growth is positive in developed countries. It is determined that there is a positive relationship among education, health, corruption control and economic growth in the developing country group and a statistically insignificant relationship between democracy and legal structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corruption is a common problem of developing, developed and underdeveloped countries. The relationship between corruption and economic growth may occur both directly and through corruption transmission channels. In this research using Panel Data Analysis, besides the direct impact of corruption on economic growth, the impact of corruption through human capital and investment channels that are accepted in the literature, has been analysed with the data of 11 member countries of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation BSEC between 2003-2017. As a result of the analysis, it is seen that besides the direct impact of corruption negative effect on economic growth, corruption also affects the economic growth through investment, channel. On the other hand, since there is no significant relationship between human capital and economic growth, it is concluded that the human capital variable does not act as a corruption transmission channel fort he BSEC countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]