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Copyright of Tasarim+Kuram is the property of KARE Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Built environments are responsible for significant global energy consumption, greenhouse gas emissions, and environmental problems. Due to the rapid increase in the population in cities, the unplanned construction of the housing need has a share that must be addressed in the emergence of these problems. Therefore, today, the energy-efficient design of new settlements has become a current and essential approach. It has made it necessary to consider the decisions taken regarding the factors affecting building energy consumption before the design. In this direction, the effects of design parameters such as window ratio, balcony depth, material type, material color, insulation used, number of floors, basement floor usage, aspect ratio, and building orientation status on energy performance in the city of Tabriz with a cold-arid climate were analyzed with the Design-Builder program. Then, suitable criteria to reduce energy consumption were searched. By comparing the results obtained from the analyses, the effect of the appropriate architectural decisions regarding these parameters on energy saving has been determined, a guide for designing energy-efficient buildings has been created, and a model proposal has been provided.

Energy is one of the most important elements for countries to exist in the competitive market in social, economic, technological and international areas. With the developing technology and increasing energy consumption, the importance of energy efficiency comes to the fore. In this context, the automotive industry, which is an important part of the industrial sector where energy is used intensively, was preferred in the study. Besides the automotive industry's need for energy, its interaction with other industries is the reason for preference. In the study, Energy Efficiency Strategy criterion weights in the Automotive Industry were calculated by using Multi-Criteria Decision Making methods. As a result of the literature research, nine main criteria and thirty-three sub-criteria were determined. The criteria weights of the Energy Efficiency Strategy in the automotive industry are analyzed separately with AHP, which is frequently used in the literature, and BEST & WORST, which is newly introduced to the literature. Comparing the solution results of the two methods is the aim of the study. In the light of the results obtained, it has been determined that the AHP and BEST & WORST methods give close results.

Copyright of International Journal of Engineering Research & Development (IJERAD) is the property of International Journal of Engineering Research & Development and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Agriculture & Nature / Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım & Doğa Dergisi is the property of Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam Universitesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

It is important to make improvements for the optimum operation of water pumping stations in order to reduce energy costs while meeting water demand continuously. In this article, a new algorithm (OSDPA-optimal simplified dynamic programming algorithm) has been developed by optimizing the previously developed SDPA (simplified dynamic programming algorithm) approach. The SDPA approach is most effective with straightforward systems, whereas the OSDPA approach is versatile, suitable for optimizing both simple and multi-stage, complex pumping systems. A water supply system with a multi-stage structure for Sakarya Water and Sewerage Administration (SASKİ) in Turkey has been used as a case study. The results show that the OSDPA approach can be quite successful in shifting the loads in the time period (peak) where the unit price is expensive to the time periods (night and day) where the unit price is cheaper. When compared with the conventional water level control (CWLC) approach, while SDPA saves about 18% for pump C in the second stage, about 22% for pump B, and about 19% for pump A in the first stage; OSDPA saved 39% for C pump, 41% for B pump and 24% for A pump. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Gazi Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi Part C: Tasarım ve Teknoloji is the property of Gazi University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this study, the energy consumption of a vertical closed display refrigerator (680 Liters) in day-night modes and in different product temperature classes was experimentally investigated. Closed display refrigerator works with R290 (propane) refrigerant. Moreover, non-adiabatic capillary tube (suction line heat exchanger) system is used in the vapor compression refrigeration cycle. The experimental setup was carried out and calibrated in accordance with the TS EN ISO 22044:2022 standard. Experiments were carried out for 24 hours in a test room providing a temperature of 25°C ± 0.8°C and a relative humidity of 60% ± 2%. The commercial refrigerator has been tested under full load (700 pcs. 330 ml cans), in day and night modes, and in two different temperature classes (K1 and K4). Can temperatures which tested in the K1 temperature class were kept between 0°C-7°C. These temperature values for the K4 temperature is between 1°C-9°C. In the experiments of the K1 temperature class, 3.255 kWh/24h and 1.379 kWh/24h energy were consumed during the day and night, respectively. In the experiments of K4 temperature class, these values were measured as 3.089 kWh/24h in day mode and 1.341 kWh/24h in night mode. As a result, the energy consumption in the K1 temperature class was 5.37% and 2.83% higher in day and night modes, respectively, compared to the K4 temperature class. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Uluslararasi Ekonomi ve Yenilik Dergisi is the property of Karadeniz Technical University, Depertmant of Economics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Uluslararasi Ekonomi ve Yenilik Dergisi is the property of Karadeniz Technical University, Depertmant of Economics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Gazi Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi Part C: Tasarım ve Teknoloji is the property of Gazi University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Endüstriyel işletmelerde enerji tasarrufu sağlamak ve düşük karbonlu üretim yöntemlerini kullanmak işletmelerin karbon ayak izini düşürdüğü için büyük önem arz etmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı gıda ve otomotiv sektörlerinde faaliyet göstermekte olan 2 fabrikada yapılabilecek enerji verimliliği uygulamalarını değerlendirmek ve bu uygulamalarla sağlanacak enerji tasarrufu (Nm3/yıl) ile önlenecek karbon emisyon miktarlarını (ton CO2/yıl) ortaya koymaktır. Her iki tesiste yapılabilecek ortak iyileştirmeler; sıcak hatlara izolasyon uygulaması, basınçlı hava kaçaklarının giderilmesi, basınçlı hava sistemi basıncının 1 bar düşürülmesi, kompresör emiş havasının düzenlenmesi, selenoid vana uygulaması ve flash buhar uygulamasıdır. Bunların yanı sıra gıda işletmesi özelinde 2 ve otomotivde 1 adet münferit enerji tasarruf çalışması önerisinde bulunulmuştur. Gıda sektöründe çevresel fayda (48 ton CO2) ve enerji tasarruf verimi (22 TEP/yıl) açısından en verimli uygulamanın flash buhar uygulaması olduğu görülürken, otomotiv işletmesinde ise çevresel fayda açısından basınçlı hava kaçaklarının giderilmesi (152 ton CO2) ve enerji tasarruf veriminde ise sıcak hatlara izolasyon uygulaması (60 TEP/yıl) en avantajlı uygulama olarak tespit edilmiştir. Tüm öneriler değerlendirildiğinde gıda işletmesinde 6 adet uygulama neticesinde CO2 emisyonunda yıllık toplam 121 ton kadar azalma sağlanabilirken, 5 adet iyileştirmenin önerildiği otomotiv işletmesinde bu değer 323 ton seviyesinde olacaktır.

The concept of lighting is of great importance in providing the security that people need so that they can have a quality of life and in meeting their aesthetic needs. Lighting design is related to the physical structure and the environment, and thanks to the lighting design, the aesthetic and functional needs of people will be met and the quality of life will be increased. The need to reflect the historical, cultural and aesthetic values of the city has brought the issue of urban lighting to the agenda. Lighting systems, which are applied without paying attention to the necessary lighting standards and criteria, cause some problems in urban spaces. One of these problems is light pollution; It is generally defined as the use of light in the wrong place, in the wrong amount, in the wrong direction and at the wrong time. Light pollution adversely affects the natural life and daily lives of people, and it is necessary to take various measures to eliminate such negativities in human life, to detect and eliminate these problems. In this study; The standards for the lighting of the city parks obtained by the literature studies were determined, the current lighting situation of the Butterfly Valley Park and the recommended lighting design produced by the Relux software in accordance with the standards. According to the findings; In the current lighting project, the total power consumed as a result of the lighting of all the lamps of the area has been calculated as 96 005.0 W. In the proposed lighting project, the total power consumed as a result of the burning of all lamps was calculated as 27 630.0 W. The obtained energy gain was found to be 96 005.0 W – 36 700.0 W = 68 375.0 W. As a result of working in the light of this information, energy savings of 1 in 3 have been achieved.

The energy efficiency of heat exchangers has become crucial in industrial applications due to everincreasing energy costs. Therefore, various methods have been developed to enhance heat transfer and accelerate the process (shortening the time), reduce the size of heat exchangers, and increase energy (fuel) efficiency. In recent years, researchers have recommended nanofluid suspensions in place of common heat transfer fluids to improve energy efficiency. Nanofluid suspensions are obtained by adding nanometer-sized particles (less than 100 nm in at least one dimension) to heat transfer fluids. This study focused on experimental data in the literature to investigate the effects of nanofluids on transferred thermal power and required pumping power in heat exchangers. The relationship between the transferred thermal power and the pumping power was defined by two different performance criteria (Performance Evaluation Criterion- PEC and Energy Efficiency Criterion-EEC), allowing us to scrutinize the effects of nanofluids in thermal systems on energy efficiency (energy consumption) from a more realistic perspective. The results show that nanofluids are more disadvantageous than conventional heat transfer fluids in terms of the energy budget in industrial applications. It is concluded that nanofluids can be used in special applications where those disadvantages are insignificant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fluidized bed dryer is used to dry the silica sand used in core production in the casting industry. In this study, a heat recovery unit was designed in a drying system using waste heat recovery and the effects of specific energy consumption on heat recovery were investigated by performing energy, environmental and economic analysis. In this context, it is aimed to increase the drying efficiency, reduce carbon emissions and the effects of global warming with the heat recovery unit used in the preheating of the drying air blown by the fan. According to the results, a reduction of 12.815 m3/h in natural gas consumption and 0.032 tons CO2/h in carbon emissions will occur if the design with the 1st stage drying air preheating heat recovery unit is changed from the current design. If the current system is changed to a system with heat recovery unit, 1,428,753.81 TL can be saved annually and the payback period of the heat recovery unit was calculated 0.66 years. A reduction of 4.34 m3/h in natural gas consumption and 0.011 tons CO2/h in carbon emissions will occur if the design is changed from the current design to the design where the 2st stage in-plant water heating heat recovery unit. Thus, if the current system is changed to a system with heat recovery unit, 1,912,602,548 TL can be saved annually, and the payback period is calculated as 0.16 years. When this design is implemented, a more economical and sustainable drying system will be bringed to life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the waste heat loss of flue gases from the boilers of Kafkas University district heating system has been calculated between 6-8% according to the combustion analysis and the annual cost of this heat loss has been found as $58,658.79. In terms of energy efficiency and the national economy, we think that this lost energy should be recovered as much as possible and fuel and energy savings should be achieved. In the paper, the effects of variants such as air excess coefficient, flue gas temperature, boiler capacity and fuel consumption on the heat recovery from flue gas have been presented in detail. The heat recovery scenarios have been presented for reusing this waste energy for space heating, domestic hot water, and preheating combustion air and the applicability of these scenarios has been investigated in terms of thermodynamics and economics. According to the results of the study, in the second scenario examined to cover the domestic hot water need of the guest house building, the energy savings of the scenario can be provided during 20 years of economic life is $122,820.83, and it has the highest savings income among the scenarios. In addition, it is possible to recover approximately 50% of the flue gas loss with thanks to the scenario. On the other hand, the third scenario of heating the boiler combustion air with waste heat is the easiest and most economical scenario because its payback period is only one year, and there are no extra excavation and pipe costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Steam is used to dry the milk powder in milk powder factories. When the steam used turns into condense, there is energy due to the pressure on it. This energy is generally referred to as waste heat. There are many ways to recover waste heat. Within the scope of this study, the calculations of the preheating coil will be made, and waste heat recovery will be achieved by transferring the latent heat above the condensate water to the air. In today's conditions, waste heat recovery processes are important in order to ensure energy efficiency. It is seen in the market that the sector develops projects within the scope of many savings measures and energy efficiency projects are formed as the fastest recycling. In this study, which was set out to use the competitive energy more efficiently, it was calculated how much of the heat load on the condensate could transfer to the air by verifying the air flow rate with the help of the pitot tube. The battery designed with the data obtained in line with these calculations was integrated into the system and commissioned. The temperature and pressure differences of the integrated battery were measured. The heat transfer and pressure losses obtained from the experimental results were compared with the values obtained with the CFD package program. The energy recovery obtained from the programming and training is 222.085 TL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an energy source, fossil fuel has been one of the most important elements of production since the Industrial Revolution. However, it is seen that fossil fuels are not evenly distributed in every part of the world. While this situation has made some countries energy exporters, countries that do not have fossil fuel resources have become importers. If a country wants to increase the amount of production and raise the level of social welfare, it must supply energy needs from external sources. This situation has led to the development of dependency relations in the energy sector. Following the Ukraine-Russia War that started in the first months of 2022, energy dependency has been recognized as a risk factor for energy supply security. Therefore, the European Union has implemented a new strategy to reduce energy dependency, such as the transition to renewable energy and diversification of energy-importing countries. As a country heavily dependent on energy imports, Turkey also needs to take steps to reduce its energy dependence. The results obtained from the empirical analysis conducted in this study support this conclusion. As a result of the Johansen cointegration test conducted within the scope of the analysis, there is a positive relationship between primary energy supply and fossil fuel consumption and energy dependence in the short and long run for the period 1990-2020 in Turkey. There is a negative relationship between energy efficiency and energy dependence. Contrary to expectations, there is a negative relationship between Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and energy dependence. In this model, no relationship could be established between energy dependence and renewable energy, which is the last variable in the analysis.

Amaç: Çalışmanın temel amacı, Türkiye’nin enerjide dışa bağımlılığı ve ekonomik büyümesinin ülkedeki enerji verimliliği düzeyi üzerindeki etkilerinin incelenmesidir. Yöntem: Çalışmada, 1980-2020 yılları arasındaki dönem ele alınırken, ekonometrik model olarak, ARDL Sınır Testi yöntemi kullanılmaktadır. Ampirik sonuçlar kısa ve uzun dönem için ayrı ayrı elde edilmiştir. Bulgular: Elde edilen bulgular, kısa vadede gelir düzeyindeki artışın enerji verimliliğini artırdığı, enerjide dışa bağımlılığı ise azalttığı yönündedir. Uzun dönemde ise enerjide dışa bağımlılık istatistiksel olarak anlamsız bulunmuştur. Dolayısıyla, dışa bağımlılık enerji verimliliğini sadece kısa dönemde etkilemektedir. Ayrıca, gelir düzeyindeki bir artış, kısa vadede olduğu gibi uzun vadede de enerji verimliliğini desteklemektedir. Özgünlük: Bu çalışmada, enerjide dışa bağımlılık, GSYH ve enerji verimliliği arasındaki ilişki değerlendirilmektedir. Literatürde Türkiye için bu değişkenlerin ilişkisini inceleyen bir çalışmaya rastlanmamıştır. Dolayısıyla, çalışmanın ilgili alana katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.

It is of great importance to save energy and use low-carbon production methods in industrial enterprises, as they reduce the carbon footprint of enterprises. In this study, it is aimed to evaluate the energy efficiency applications that can be made in 2 factories operating in the food and automotive sectors in Turkey and to reveal the energy savings (Nm³ / year) to be achieved with these applications and the amount of carbon emissions to be prevented (ton CO2 / year). Common improvements that can be made in both facilities are insulation application to hot lines, elimination of compressed air leaks, reduction of compressed air system pressure by 1 bar, regulation of compressor intake air, application of solenoid valve and flash steam application. In addition to these, 2 individual energy saving studies have been proposed in the food business and 1 in the automotive sector. While it is seen that the most efficient application in terms of environmental benefit (48 tons CO2) and energy saving efficiency (22 TOE/year) in the food sector is flash steam application, in the automotive business it is seen that the compressed air leaks are eliminated (152 tons of CO2) and hot air is used in terms of energy saving efficiency. Insulation application (60 TOE/year) to the lines has been determined as the most advantageous application. When all the suggestions are evaluated, as a result of 6 applications in the food business, a total reduction of 121 tons of CO2 emissions can be achieved annually, while this value will be at the level of 323 tons in the automotive business where 5 improvements are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the development of technology in our country and in the world, the need for energy is increasing day by day. For this reason, efficient use of heat energy is very important. Nanofluid systems created using small amounts of nanomaterials increase heat transfer and energy efficiency due to their superior thermophysical properties. For this reason, it is important to produce nanofluids and examine their thermophysical properties. In this study, it was aimed to synthesize titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles in the presence of Polyethylene glycol (PEG) and Alginate additives by high temperature oxidation method and to obtain water-based nanofluids at different concentrations from the synthesized nano titanium dioxides. In addition, different concentrations of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and gum arabic were used to examine the effect of surfactant type and concentration on the stabilization of the nanofluid. XRD, SEM, FTIR and BET analysis were used for the characterization of the synthesized TiO2 particles. Stabilization and density, which are important thermophysical properties of nanofluids, were also measured in this study. As a result of the experimental studies, it was seen that TiO2 nanoparticles produced with Alginate additive were more successful in preparing and stabilizing nanofluids than those produced with PEG additive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Sakarya Journal of Economics / Sakarya Iktisat Dergisi is the property of Sakarya Journal of Economics / Sakarya Iktisat Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Pre-drying of 2-phase olive pomace was carried out by parametric drying using a drum dryer supplying continuous mass production with a short drying time and obtaining the high amount of drying sample. Drying experiments of 2-phase pomace were performed at different valse rotational speeds (1, 3, and 6 rev/min) and different vapor pressure values (1, 2, 3, and 4 bar) as drum dryer process variables. Increasing the vapor pressure and decreasing the valse rotational speed increased the titratable acidity, peroxide value, free fatty acid and K232, K270 values of pre-dried 2-phase olive pomace whereas decreased the moisture content, water activity and pH value. The effective conditions of the drum dryer were determined at high vapor pressure and high valse rotational speed (4 bar and 6 rpm). Maximum specific moisture extraction rate (SMER), moisture extraction rate (MER) and minimum specific energy consumption (SEC) values were expected to determine the high performance and energy efficient dryer system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Verimlilik Dergisi is the property of Verimlilik Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

It is important to use sustainable and renewable resources efficiently for a sustainable life. In this direction, in this study, it is aimed to emphasize the importance of freshwater resources and renewable energy resources, which are important parts of life, and to raise awareness about protecting natural resources. In this context, a portable, plant watering system has been developed that uses solar energy to cool the gaseous water in the air in a controlled manner with the help of thermoelectric modules and fans, stores the water by condensation, and can irrigate in a controlled manner as needed. As a result of the experimental study, the amount of water produced by the system is equal to the theoretical calculations. In this way, with this system it will be possible to irrigate domestic plants or hobby gardens by obtaining the optimum amount of water through controlled condensation.

Bu çalışmada, bir çimento fabrikasında mevcut olan yardımcı işletmeler kısmının enerji tüketimleri incelenmiştir. Yardımcı işletmeler kısmı; kazan dairesi, kompresör dairesi, soğutma havuzu, idari bina, merkezi kontrol binası ve atölyeleri kapsamaktadır. Basınçlı hava tesisatının verimliliği hesaplanmış ve yorumlanmıştır, hesaplamalar sonucunda basınçlı hava tankı kapasitesi için 7125 Litre hacmin yeterli olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Diğer bölümlerin yıllık enerji tüketimlerinden ve yapılabilecek iyileştirme çalışmalarından bahsedilmiştir. Yıllık enerji tüketimleri bölümlere göre grafiklerle açıklanmış ve yorumlanmıştır. Kazan dairesi için yıllık enerji tüketimi 665686,6 kWh, kompresör dairesi için yıllık enerji tüketimi 1213552 kWh, soğutma havuzu için yıllık enerji tüketimi 77062 kWh, merkezi kontrol binası (CCR) için yıllık enerji tüketimi 177052 kWh, atölyeler için yıllık enerji tüketimi 41267 kWh olarak bulunmuştur. Ayrıca yapılan diğer çalışmalar detaylı bir şekilde incelenmiş ve fırın manto yüzeyindeki kayıplardan ve iyileştirme çalışmalarından bahsedilmiştir. Atık ısı geri kazanım sistemlerinin enerji verimliliği açısından faydalarına değinilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, gerek basınçlı hava tesisatında meydana gelen gerekse sistemsel olarak meydana gelen kayıpları en aza indirmek için , çevre boyutu da düşünülerek yapılması gereken ek tedbirlerden bahsedilmiştir.

In this study, the energy efficiency study of the school building whose construction was completed in 2007 was conducted. First of all, information about energy consumption and the amount of CO2 emission released into the atmosphere was obtained by measuring the building elements, heating system, piping and lighting system. Afterward, some suggestions were made in the areas where energy consumption is high and inefficient, in line with efficiency-increasing methods, considering the relevant standards and regulations. Finally, with these proposed improvements, the energy savings of the building, the economic value of this savings and the reduction in carbon emission are calculated. As a result of the study, 65.04 kWh/m2 energy and 0.012 tonCO2/m2 carbon emission savings per unit area, 334 379 kWh/year energy and 66.18 tonCO2/year carbon emission savings, the investment cost of 319 653 TL as 65.2 TL/m2 per unit area., and 6.1 years payback period was calculated.

Integrating absorption chillers in cogeneration and trigeneration systems are beneficial for increasing energy efficiency and sustainability. Those systems have higher efficiency, lower emissions, and lower costs compared to conventional systems. Therefore, it is crucial to develop thermodynamic models to predict the energy behaviour of the system for efficient design. System design and extensive thermodynamic analysis were conducted for a microturbine-NH3/H2O absorption cold and power system. The microturbine with a 60 kW power capacity is the prime mover.14 kW absorption chiller is fed by exhaust gases coming from the waste heat recovery part of the microturbine. The thermodynamic properties of the fluid at various state points were determined. The first and second law efficiency of the system was presented for different design parameters such as evaporation, condensation, generation temperature of the absorption system, effectiveness of the condenser-evaporator heat exchanger, and the solution heat exchanger. The proposed system's energy utilization factor is 28.3%, representing a 43.5% efficiency increase relative to the sole microturbine cycle. In addition, if waste heat from the flue gases discharged from the turbine is not recovered, a tremendous amount of energy may be lost. Therefore, the application of combined energy systems is a vital solution for energy efficiency.

Fosil yakıtların azalması ile birlikte enerji verimliliği kavramı gün geçtikçe önem kazanmaktadır. Enerjinin büyük bir bölümü binaların yapım ve kullanımında tüketildiğinden binalardaki enerji tasarrufunu sağlamak için ısıtma ve soğutma yüklerinin hesaplanması gerekir. Bu yükler enerji simülasyon yazılımları kullanılarak hesaplanmaktadır ancak bu süreç çok zaman alabilir ve kullanıcı deneyimi gerektirir. Makine öğrenmesi algoritmaları ısıtma ve soğutma yüklerinin tahminlenmesinde hızlı ve güvenilir bir alternatif haline gelmiştir. Bu çalışmada, binaların ısıtma ve soğutma yükleri Doğrusal Regresyon, K – En Yakın Komşuluk, Destek Vektör Makineleri, Karar Ağaçları, Rastgele Orman, Uç Gradyan Artırma ve Yapay Sinir Ağları kullanılarak tahminlenmiştir. Analizler R İstatistiksel Programlama Dili’nin güncel çalışma alanlarından olan düzenli modeller (“tidymodels”) ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Düzenli modeller “tidyverse” ilkeleri ile makine öğrenmesi uygulamaları yapmak için geliştirilmiş, hızlı ve pratik çözümler sunan paketler koleksiyonudur. Yapılan çalışma ile elde edilen sonuçlara göre tahmin doğruluğu açısından en başarılı algoritma Uç Gradyan Artırma Algoritması olmuştur. Binaların çeşitli özelliklerine ait değerler girilerek ısıtma ve soğutma yüklerini yüksek hassasiyet ile tahmin etmek ve hızlı sonuç almak için düzenli modelleme yaklaşımı ile Uç Gradyan Artırma Algoritması’nın kullanılması önerilmektedir.

The aim of this study is to investigate the energy efficiency of the drying techniques used with the physical and powder product properties of powders obtained by drying pomegranate, orange and apple peels using convection and microwave drying methods. In this context, the selected fruits were dried under three different conditions using convection (90-120-150°C) and microwave oven (360-540-720W). Physical and powder product analyzes were performed to determine the properties of the powder product obtained at the end of drying. In addition, the energy efficiency of the dryers used during the drying of fruit peels has been determined. When the moisture content values of the fruit peel powders were examined, the moisture content values varied between 1% and 11% in both methods, while the water activity results were found to be below the reliable food criterion. When the effect of different drying techniques and conditions on the color of fruit peel powders was evaluated, the highest brightness value (L*) and the most color change (ΔE) were determined in all fruit peel powders by convection drying method. In terms of energy consumption, a decrease in the SMER value and an increase in the SEC value were observed as the power and temperature increased in both drying methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpase of this study was to determine the amount of input-output energy used in different harvest systems in baled alfalfa hay production in Tekirdağ province, Turkey. Data were collected from 176 alfalfa farms in 2019-2020. The simple random sampling method was used to determine survey volume. Harvesting systems consisting of different tool-machine combinations are used in alfalfa production. The capacities and features of the machines used are quite different from each other. In harvesting systems; baler type (rectangular/round), number and frequency of use of the conditioner rake were taken into account. Therefore, the studied population was divided into six groups based on different harvesting systems (H/1-6). In addition, according to the number of mowing (1,2,3,4,5,6); The energy consumption of the harvesting systems used was determined. While alfalfa production was taken into consideration in the first cutting process, the applications made after the cutting process were taken into account in the single mowing process. Results showed that the energy use efficiency, energy productivity and net energy varied according to the type of bale machine used and the number of conditioners. The total energy input and output in harvesting systems was highly variable. The highest share of input energy was recorded for diesel fuels-oil (38.77%) and N fertilizer (24.89%). The fuel energy of 3244.57 MJha-1 was calculated in the H6 system for the highest amount of fuel used per unit area. Due to the increase in the number of use of conditioner equipment and the number of mowing, energy consumption has also increased. When mowing six times; 1248.57 MJha-1 machine energy consumption was calculated in the harvesting system using rectangular baler, and 1751.07 MJha-1 machine energy consumption in the harvesting system using round baler. The highest total energy input (first cutting) was 8179.41 MJha-1, 8377.54 MJha-1 in the systems using round baler (H5-H6). The lowest specific energy was calculated 2.94 MJkg-1, 3.17 MJkg-1 in the systems using rectangular baler (H3-H4). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The total energy consumption of Turkey is consumed in residence approximately %20 for this reason It seems that the issues that need to be addressed first are the energy saving potential and environmental impacts. In this study,energy efficiency and environmental performance of residences between 2019 - 2020. were calculated with non-parametric Data Envelopment that using Energy, demographic and environmental parameters of 81 provinces in Turkey. The sourting of the provinces performance was obtained with super efficiency model. Efficiency is defined as the ability of provinces to transform their energyinfluencing inputs into energy efficiency. In the analysis made according to the energy consumption performance per dwelling, 25.9% of the provinces were efficient, while in the study conducted according to the environmental performance per energy consumption, 13.58% of the provinces were found to be efficient. As a result of the analysis, input/output parameters were evaluated, and the results of energy efficiency and environmental efficiency were interpreted on a provincial basi and put forward a proposal to decision maker. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of SDU Journal of Engineering Sciences & Design / Mühendislik Bilimleri ve Tasarım Dergisi is the property of Journal of Engineering Sciences & Design and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Earlier optimization studies utilized reduced-order modeling approach combining flow network modeling at room level and thermodynamic modeling at the cooling infrastructure level to investigate the energy saving potential of the computer room air handling (CRAH) bypass (BP) method for data centers. Flow network modeling worked well in predicting the cooling infrastructure power use at various BP fractions. While existing studies are either on hypothetical data centers or experimental setups, there is no considerable work on the feasibility of the method in real and operational data center. Economic requirements of the method is another aspect missing in the literature. This study includes assessments on the feasibility of the CRAH BP methods (forced and induced) in an operational data center using reduced-order modeling approaches suggested in the literature. As a result of the energy and economic analysis of various scenarios, it has been concluded that the feasibility of the CRAH BP method is directly related to the number of fans required by the design and recommendations for application have been proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Steam traps are critical to energy efficiency in many industrial facilities. The types of steam traps, their uses, and application problems (such as installation, sizing, material compatibility, working conditions) have been explained in this study. The most common causes of steam trap problems and methods for maintenance and repair are explained in detail. Steam leakage measurements in an industrial plant were used to demonstrate the economic significance of steam traps. Based on the analyses, the one-year energy loss cost for the plant with 105 steam traps was determined to be $561,384, and was reduced to $93,287 after the maintenance period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Online Journal of Art & Design is the property of Online Journal of Art & Design and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Amaç: Yükselen ekonomiler yüksek büyüme rakamlarına sahip ülkelerdir. Bu rakamları ise ithal ettiği enerjiyle gerçekleştirirler. Dolayısıyla bu ülkeler için enerji etkinliği son derece önemli olduğundan enerji arzı yapılırken kullanılan enerji kaynaklarının enerji etkinliği üzerindeki etkisi araştırılmak istenmiştir. Yöntem: Bu çalışmada Driscoll ve Kraay Dirençli Tahmincisi kullanılarak 1990-2018 döneminde 23 yükselen ekonomi için enerji etkinliğini arz yanlı etkileyen faktörler araştırılmıştır. Bulgular: Enerji etkinliğini en fazla olumlu etkileyen yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarından hidro iken en az olumlu etkileyen ise yine yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarından rüzgâr, güneş vd. kullanımı bulunmuştur. Katsayılar olarak incelendiğinde hidro kaynağında meydana gelen %1’lik artış enerji etkinliğini %0,18 artırmakta iken rüzgâr, güneş vd. kullanımında meydana gelen %1’lik artış enerji etkinliğini %0,01 oranında artırmaktadır. Dolayısıyla yenilenebilir enerji kullanımı bu ekonomilerde enerji etkinliği için çok önemli fırsatlar sunmaktadır. Özgünlük: Günümüz teknolojilerine rağmen petrol, kömür, gaz, biokütle, nükleer, yenilenebilir enerji girdilerinde yaşanan etkinlik/verimlilik %11 civarında oldukça düşük bir orana sahiptir. Literatürde enerji kaynaklarının ve enerji kayıplarının enerji etkinliği üzerindeki etkisini araştıran çalışmalara rastlanmamıştır. Dolayısıyla bu çalışmanın diğer çalışmalardan farkı enerji kaynakları ile beraber enerji kayıplarının enerji etkinliği üzerindeki etkisinin araştırılmasıdır.

In this study, it is aimed to create an infrastructure that can contribute to the integration of parametric techniques and the joint work of construction and architectural science through an exemplary building design. The ability to respond to changes in data entry in algorithms gives architectural designers the opportunity to optimize structures and form at the same time. At the same time, replacing inputs with parametric techniques saves time in the design process. Otherwise, the design will have to be redesigned from the beginning, depending on the periodic change made in the design. In addition to this, it has been emphasized to build a building design and structure that will provide energy efficiency. In order to create low cost in profit-cost ratios, the possibility of minimizing the inefficient surfaces with the design method by analysing the floats with maximum energy gain due to creating solar plans. The algorithmic design used for this is modelled on the visual and optimizes the geometry to achieve maximum energy efficiency for the building form. To find solar panels suitable for the building geometry design, there is a need to model the actual effect of the sun's rays on the building. One of the key parameters that helped us reach the results of the study is to explore the possibility of using modern guidelines of exemplified stadium designs. This research is based on a method of comparing analysis between two prototype proposals tested to show the effect of the sun on geometry using parametric algorithms. In this case, "Grasshopper 3D" software was used for radiation, daylight hours and shadows to create parametric algorithms in the solar effect simulations process. The purpose of using parametric simulation was to increase energy efficiency for the stadium. Additionally, generative design was used for structural optimization. In this study, generative design was also used to optimize the stadium design structure, which helps to significantly reduce the amount of materials used in the formation of the structure and its costs. In this study, with the help of the Buiding Information Modelling (BIM) program used, solar energy gains affecting the building were investigated and energy gain-loss calculations were made by using environmental data. The obtained data and shell design samples were compared. In the study, Al Shaab stadium in Baghdad was evaluated as an experimental model for modelling the reality.

In this study, two different industrial refrigerators were designed, manufactured and tested to analyze the impact of different types of fans (Type 1 and Type 2) used in industrial cooling systems on the performance of the cooling system. In order to test the fan performance and airflow effects, two axial fan configurations with different structures and different motor technology (EC and shaded-pole induction) were tested in two separate industrial refrigerator test rooms in accordance with TS EN ISO 23953-2 standards. R290 (Propane) was used as a refrigerant in the systems. The average temperature and relative humidity values of the environment where the experiment was conducted were measured as 25 °C and 60 % (Class 3), respectively. During the experiments, the total of 51.71 kWh energy was consumed in system 1, while the total of 54.22 kWh energy was consumed in system 2 and the difference between the energy consumption of the two systems was calculated as 4.85%. The average temperatures of the inlet and outlet of the evaporator of the system 1 and 2 were -21.57 °C, -18.97 °C and -23.43 °C, -20.94 °C, respectively. The average refrigerant temperatures for the system 1 and 2 were calculated as -24.65 °C, -26.44 °C, respectively. While the average coefficient of performance value of the type 1 system was 1.74, it was calculated as 1.54 for the type 2 cooling system. The average second-law efficiencies for the two cooling systems were calculated as 30.85 % and 29.81 %, respectively. In addition, the environmental economy analysis was carried out using the amount of CO2 that was prevented from emitting and the CO2 emission price calculated accordingly.

Copyright of Journal of Polytechnic is the property of Journal of Polytechnic and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Today, energy consumption in the cities is dramatically increasing due to the growing population and various economic activities. The construction sector has a significant responsibility to increase global final energy consumption and total CO2 emission in the European Union. In the last two decades, policies on energy efficiency for residential buildings have been implemented in European Union. In this context, several legal regulations have been introduced in Turkey by the impact of the EU Directive on Energy Efficiency. Energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions of structures are expected to be reduced with the Energy Performance Certificate (EPC) procedure described in the Regulation on Building Energy Performance. EPC actions should not be considered only in terms of the scale of a single building, and these efforts should be addressed with a holistic approach within the scope of land management. The data obtained from EPC applications should be integrated with land tenure, land use, topographic and atmospheric data to create an effective energy efficiency policy in settlements. Information infrastructure should be established to enable the application of spatial analysis. In this study, EPC actions in our country were evaluated within the land management paradigm, significant deficiencies were introduced, and some suggestions were made. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Maritime Faculty Journal (Dokuz Eylül University) is the property of Dokuz Eylul University Maritime Faculty Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

It is recommended to establish and use Energy Management Systems to ensure the continuity of improvement in energy efficiency studies. In this study, we have introduced an Energy Management System proposed for Istanbul urban electric rail transportation systems (Metro, Tram and Funicular lines), which has a major place in electricity consumption among transportation systems and which is the largest urban rail system in Turkey. In addition, examples of which data can be evaluated within the scope of EnYS with the measurements taken from the measurement and monitoring system established are presented and operational suggestions have been made for energy efficiency studies. In the study, the energy consumption of a total of 12 lines of Istanbul urban rail transportation systems, including 6 metro, 3 trams, 1 funicular, 2 cable car lines, were examined. It has been determined that the mobile systems (CER) constituted by the trains are the main consumer since they constitute 55-60% of the total consumption, and the remaining consumption is consumed at the stations referred to as auxiliary facilities. Within the scope of the EnMS, Energy Performance Indicators have been created to determine and compare the performances of the lines, and it is aimed to ensure that the improvement in energy efficiency is continuous and maximum. The CER performances of the lines were examined and it was calculated that up to 17% energy savings could be achieved in the first stage with the voyage time regulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pruning residues that occur in large quantities as a result of pruning, maintenance and harvesting processes in vineyards and orchards become a problem for producers. In order to solve this problem, more environmentally friendly and sustainable solution methods are gaining importance by shredding the pruning residues and mixing them into the soil, thus preventing erosion, increasing the soil organic matter content, and accordingly increasing the agricultural yield. Shredding process is carried out with branch shredding/grinding machines developed for this purpose. Therefore, it is important to know the cutting properties of the residues to be shredded so that these machines can work more effectively and efficiently. For this purpose, the cutting force and energy values to be considered in the design of a machine to be used for shredding pruning residues were determined for 7 different plant species (Juniperus Drupacea, Pyracantha Coccinea, Shrub, Pine, Oleaster, Peach and Oleander), at different moisture levels and in the cutting axis, considering the diameter values. The effects of these variables were researched on cutting force, strength, energy and specific energy consumption. As a result, changing the cutting axis significantly affected the cutting force, strength, energy and specific energy consumption values in all varieties, and the values found for the horizontal axis were quite high compared to the values found for the vertical axis. When the changes in the moisture content and diameter of the samples and their effects were examined, although the moisture values of Shrub, Pine, Oleaster and Peach cultivars were reduced (respectively % 34.5, % 30.1, % 28.6, % 35.6), these moisture rates did not have a statistically significant effect on the cutting force, strength, energy and specific energy consumption. The variation of moisture content of Juniperus Drupacea, Pyracantha Coccinea and Oleander cultivars had a significant effect on the cutting parameters. These results obtained in the study can be used in the design of a machine to be developed for the effective and efficient shredding of the pruning residues of the tested varieties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ensuring energy efficiency has become an important issue in the axis of the government, the real sector and the academic sector, and increasing energy efficiency has begun to be accepted as one of the most effective ways to cope with climate change and reduce carbon emissions in developed and developing economies. It is a known fact that more output and less input strategies can only be achieved as a result of directing investments to technological infrastructures. Within the framework of this situation, various activities for the effective use of resources and thus increasing energy efficiency can only be achieved with financial development that can significantly support technological investments. In this study, it is aimed to test whether there is a causal relationship between energy efficiency and financial development. Annual data of 32 European countries (financial development index and energy efficiency index between 1998 and 2017 were used. Emirmahmutoğlu and Köse (2011) used panel causality analysis, the findings obtained in the study for the panel in general indicate that there is a bidirectional causality relationship between financial development and energy efficiency. is pointing. When the specific countries included in the analysis are examined, it has been determined that the causality from energy efficiency to financial development is valid for Finland, France, Greek Cyprus, Croatia, Sweden, Italy, Iceland, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Hungary and Norway. The causality from financial development to energy efficiency is valid for Sweden, Italy, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia and Greece. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are widely used in many fields, both civilian and military. Mostly mini UAVs are used in civilian applications which are preferred both in terms of affordability and availability. However, these vehicles are insufficient for some applications when they are used alone. This inadequacy is often observed in mini-UAVs having limited capacity in terms of energy storage and payloads. As a solution to this challenge, swarms of networked mini UAVs have been proposed. Thus, the UAVs in such networks are assigned with different tasks to accomplish the overall mission. While such UAV networks have many advantages, they also come with challenges. These challenges include limited on-board energy storage, low power and lossy wireless communication interface, and limited useful payload carrying capability. In this study, a new adaptive, balanced and energy efficient clustering mechanism has been proposed for such UAV networks.

In this study, energy efficiency applications that differ from other building types in hospitals are discussed. Hospitals have a different characteristic from other building types in terms of energy consumption. There are different energy efficiency applications especially in terms of design and operation in this building type with high energy usage intensity. There is an obligation to achieve at least 15% energy saving compared to the reference value in buildings that are obliged to appoint an energy manager until 2023. In addition to the energy efficiency applications specified in the application guide, some energy efficiency applications in hospitals that are different from other buildings are specified in this study. In particular, by preserving pressure relations with building automation flow rate reduction in operating rooms during non-use hours (night mode), use of F9 filters instead of H13 in intensive care units, adjustment of the pressure in the compressed air system to the lowest possible value and utilization of waste heat with heat pumps were discussed. It was calculated that there is a 33.7% energy saving opportunity for 25% air flow reduction from the ventilator and aspirator by operating the air handling units in night mode in the absence of surgery. It was also found that 40,640,000 TL can be saved in operating costs across Turkey by using F9 filters instead of H13 in intensive care units. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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