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Inputs are linguistic data presented to the language learner in written, oral or visual form. According to most studies, input is the cornerstone of foreign/second language teaching. This also applies to grammar teaching, which aims to acquire the use of rules. In order for learners to produce output-based products, it is very important that the input is transformed into intake, that is, processed. To this end, the language learner should be exposed to rich, interesting, meaning-bearing, discourse-level structured input tasks that reflect real-life situations. When we look at the studies on teaching Turkish grammar to foreigners, it is seen that the method books do not contain input tasks at the discursive level for the different meanings and uses of target grammatical structures. Language teachers, who are faced with a very dense grammatical content, should be supported in this context. For this reason, in this study, input-based grammar tasks structured at the discursive level were designed. The target morpheme is -(y)AcAktI (the future in the past). Thanks to such inputs, the language learner performs form-meaning mapping by operating cognitive processes over the presented contexts and gains awareness by making comments on the form, meaning and use of the target grammatical structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The assembly line balancing problem (ALBP) contains some constraints which are cycle time/number of stations and precedence relations between tasks. However, due to the technological and organizational limitations, several other restrictions, such as linked tasks, incompatible tasks, station, and resource constraints, can be encountered in real production systems. In this study, we evaluate the effect of these restrictions on ALBP. For this purpose, a Constraint Programming (CP) model is proposed. The objective of the model is to minimize the number of stations for given cycle time (Type-1 problem). We investigate the solution quality of the proposed CP model according to the mixedinteger programming (MIP) and ABSALOM in terms of the several performance measurements such as the number of proofing optimal solution, number of the optimal solution, number of the best solution, relative gap between the solution with the optimal solution and average total solution time. Furthermore, the proposed approach is tested on the literature test instances, and the comparison results between models are reported. Although assignment restrictions increase the complexity of the problem, numerical experiments demonstrate that CP is an effective and high-quality solution method in solving ALBP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Businesses invest in executive development programs to compete both nationally and internationally. One of the most important parts of executive development programs is to develop end-state competencies. The elements of the development of end-state competencies are; compelling managerial tasks are access to develop mentally managerial tasks, feedback and learning orientation. In the studies carried out, it has been determined that the compelling tasks given for the development of the manager shave a positive relationship on the management competencies of the concepts such as learning focus, Access to highly developmental managerial assignment and feedback. This study investigates the effect and relationship levels of the sevariables, which ocur independently of each other, on end-state competencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Ottoman Empire realized the role of the dervish lodges in the education of the people in terms of knowledge and wisdom since its very first establishment stages. Sûfîs also performed the role expected by the state. In this sense, this unity between Osman Gazi and Sheikh Edebâli continued during the later sultans. This unity has made the dervish lodges one the basic institutions that connect the people and the state. Therefore, the dervish lodges gave all kinds of opportunities to the sheikhs to perform their social functions fort he benefit of the society, as well as the spiritual edecation of the disciples. The dervish lodges also used these opportunities for both basic tasks. In the studies on dervish lodges their social functions have been outlined. However, it cannot be said that the documents on this subject have been examined adequately. This aspect of the dervish lodges that were effective in the Ottoman State should be revealed by looking at the documents. Because, the number of documents classified in the Ottoman Archive ha increased in recent years. Therefore, new data revealing various aspects of dervish lodges are reached. In this article, after mentioning the role of the dervish lodges throughout the history of Is- lam, it will be given examples from archive documents, and will be revealed the Ottoman Empire’s view of this deep-rooted institution and its place in terms of its social functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a unique task-related stressor, illegitimate tasks (ILT) is a recently developed concept in organizational behavior. A task is legitimate to the extent that it complies with professional norms that occur within reasonable expectations, and considered illegitimate as it violates these norms. Employees, forced to perform such tasks, begin to experience role conflict and ambiguity. Although it has important consequences for the employee and the organization, ILT concept has not been adequately examined yet, therefore its theoretical and empirical contribution to the field has not been fully understood. This study aims to examine and discuss ILT in a comprehensive manner through systematic literature review. The findings reveal that ILT research carries a great potential in explaining the relational and psychological dimensions of the employee-task interaction in work-life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After Russia invaded Crimea on April 19, 1783, the Russian administration produced various policies to be permanent in the region. One of these practices was to establish cavalry units of Crimean Tatar soldiers using mirzas. These regiments were established, closed and re-established several times between 1784 and 1920 under different names, different numbers and for different tasks. The regiment performed its last important mission during the First World War. The regiment, which was sent to the front in the First World War, returned to Simferopol on November 11, 1917, with the collapse of the stardom before the war ended, and entered under the command of the Crimean Tatar Congress and its name was changed to the First Crimean Tatar Regiment. This unit was the only military force held by the Crimean Tatars. The Tatars could not hold on to the attacks of the Bolsheviks in the civil war due to their insufficient number, and the Crimean Tatar Regiment actually ended in 1918. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban and environmental issues are an important issue to be considered in terms of the viability of a city. As in every other subject, the main actor is human. In other words, the positive or negative factors associated with the human hand. In this respect, people are actually determining their own future in all the work they do. In order to sustain life in a healthy environment, there are duties for all members of society. Considering these tasks, especially in terms of urban and environmental problems, it can be called social sensitivity. In short, there is a direct relationship between urban identity, urban culture, lifestyles and social awareness and a sustainable environment. This study, on the scale of urban and environmental problems in the Antakya scale, the extent to which social sensitivity exists, whether the studies on this subject are sufficient, whether the education and institutional relations increase sensitivity, and what the problems and solutions are. After evaluating the data obtained by frequency method, some suggestions are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies on regionalism, emerged after World War II. The regional structures that emerged to provide different purposes and a certain order perform important tasks and functions in the international political arena. In this study, the initiatives and effectiveness of the Turkish Foreign Policy within the scope of regionalization theory have been examined in the context of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC). In 1969, Turkey became a member of the OIC, and it acted together with the OIC against problems. Turkey also carries its own set of issues on the agenda of the OIC into, it sought support on regional issues. In this study will be analysed the place of OIC in Turkish Foreign Policy. Also, in this study regionalism and Turkish Foreing policy will be discussed and analyzed from OIC perspective as regards political effectiveness of Turkish foreign policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a new simple heuristic based on Petri net is presented for simple assembly line balancing problem type-2 (SALBP-2). The presented heuristic obtains a task order using the properties of Petri net, i.e. firing rule, token movement, and token condition. Tasks are assigned to the workstations using the backward procedure and the task order as a priority rule. The heuristic is a two-stage algorithm; a feasible solution is found in the first stage, and the feasible solution is improved using binary search procedure in the second stage. The comparison studies are presented between the presented heuristic algorithm and well-known priority rules, other Petri net-based algorithms, differential evolution algorithms, and genetic algorithms in the literature. The results show that the presented Petri net-based algorithm is efficient for solving SALBP-2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The tafsîr method Tafsir Methodology is an independent science. The earliest writings related to tafsir methods, have not been totally reached however few of them could shape the methods and the contents of tafsîr. For instance many scholars like Taberi, prefered to give significant methodological information in the introduction part of their books so that the readers get the basics of the work that help to comprehend the whole of the study. Abū Sanā al-Iṣfahānī was the one of the scholar who penned the significant information regarding the methodological information in the introduction part of his works. Iṣfahānī, in the introduction part of his work named as Envâru'l-ḥaḳāʾiḳi'r-rabbâniyye penned about 23 muqaddime and this mukaddime explains many tasks and clues for tafsir methods. This work of Iṣfahānī is available as a manuscript at the collections of many libraries and so firstly in this study, I have comparatively examined the all of these copies. The examination of this work, which is well-known in the literature attached to subject of the methodology of tafsîr, will contribute the methodological knowledge related to this field and will save the new perspectives into tafsîr Methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The adjective verb suffixes, which are pronounced from other members of the filamentary category, or which are not pronounced and distinguished by the term qualifying an Ø phrase (noun), are frequently used suffixes. The fact that they provide a very rich content in terms of their sub-functions makes them useful in the syntax. Apart from the numbered study, adjective verb suffixes are generally classified according to time classes or by name of the morphems that perform tasks. However, it is obvious that both measures taken as basis in these general classification experiences are not very healthy. From this point of view, the main frame of the study is to explain a subclass of adjective verbs that are not mentioned before - habitude - and to introduce them with examples. In this context, first of all, the subject of habitude and it's place in grammar will be brought to the agenda and then the formations in which the mentioned function is included will be presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

XML Schema similarity matching problem is a key task in numerous applications, particularly to support data exchange and integration. Solving such match problem has found considerable interest among researchers and several matching approaches have been proposed. However, to achieve the best match, and because the problem is hard several approaches must be combined. This paper describes a system that can find accurate matches by combining matching on two levels. First finding the best mapping between the schema elements by comparing their internal properties, then comparing elements similarity based on their context inside the schema. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In contrast to the expected tasks and responsibilities, the informal role is the model of interpersonal behaviour that a team expects from the team member, based on the impressions they create as they work together. In other words, informal roles are spontaneous roles as a result of the relations of the members of the organization. The aim of this study is to investigate the informal role patterns affecting the efficiency and effectiveness of the organizations in the light of the studies conducted in the literature. In this context, it is aimed to investigate the informal roles of the individuals who are present in the socio-cultural structure in addition to their formal role behaviours. This research is discussed within the framework of four questions. These questions are "What does formal and informality concepts mean in management?", "What are the approaches related to the concept of informality?", "What is the concept of informal role?" and "What kind of informal role patterns occur between the groups and the employees in organizational life and how does it affect the organization?", respectively. As a result of the study, it has been revealed that informal roles have some advantages and disadvantages for organizations. For this reason, in particular with the managers of the organization, all employees need to be aware of the informal roles that support or undermine formal roles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]