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Objective: The aim of this study is to determine our region's median values of first trimester screening used in pregnancy and to compare the test results calculated regarding the median values in prenatal test programme. Material and Method: The biochemical parameters of first trimester screening measured in 565 pregnants who applied Education and Research Hospital in the years of 2016 and 2017 for first trimester screening were retrospectively examined. Multiple of Median (MoM) values, calculated in regard to the weekly median values in the used first trimester screening programme, were compared to the MoM values, calculated in regard to our region's median values and furthermore the weekly median values in the used programme were compared to our region's median values. Results: In this study, it was found out that both free ß-human Chorionic Gonadotropin (ß-hCG) and Pregnancy Associated Plasma Protein-A (PAPP-A) median values were lower in the 11th, 12th, and 13th weeks in comparison to the median values of the used programme. Conclusion: We consider that it would be more appropriate for every city or region to evaluate trimester screening by finding median values, which are specific to its own population, and for each laboratory to interpret trimester screening in regard to its own median values. Furthermore, we are of the view that evoking consciousness by sharing specific median values with clinicians might be better than today's applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ütine GE, Boduroğlu K. (Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey). Prevention of congenital anomalies. Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Dergisi 2013; 56: 28-37. Major congenital anomalies affect 2-3% of neonates. Anomalies may be detected in another 2-3% during the first five years of life, thereby affecting 4-6% of all children. Congenital anomalies may be genetic or environmental in origin. The underlying etiology is undetermined in 50-60% of all major anomalies, multifactorial in 20-25%, genetic in 7-8%, chromosomal in 6-7%, and teratogenic in 6%. Primary prevention is of major importance, since treatment for most anomalies is either impossible or difficult. Major preventive goals for our population are: (1) decreasing the frequency of consanguineous marriages, which increase the incidence of rare autosomal recessive disorders, (2) decreasing the frequency of births among >35-year-old women, which increase chromosomal disorders, mainly Down syndrome, and (3) improving the socioeconomic and environmental factors that affect the frequency of multifactorial diseases. Antenatal maternal factors, including dietary folate intake, smoking, caffeine and alcohol consumption, rubella infection, and uncontrolled diabetes, may also affect the frequency of major anomalies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: In this study our purpose was to determine the median values of the triple test screening parameters in pregnancy in our region and reevaluate risky pregnancies according to prisca medians by the way of the new regional median values and compare results. Material and Methods: In this study we evaluated serum alpha-fetoprotein, unconjugated estriol and beta- human chorionic gonadotrophin values of 5556 pregnant women who admitted to our biochemistry laboratory for the prenatal triple test between 2007-2010. Results: The median values were calculated for each week between 15-20. gestational weeks for all parameters. We found that except 15th week the alpha-fetoprotein median values were significantly lower, unconjugated estriol and beta-human chorionic gonadotropine median values were significantly higher compared to previously used values of 15th-20th weeks (p<0.05). Alpha-fetoprotein, unconjugated estriol and beta-human chorionic gonadotropin levels of risky pregnancies according to prisca medians which were excluded from the study for calculation of new median values, were reevaluated according to new medians. We found statistically significant difference between prisca medians and new medians for each parameter (p<0.05). Conclusion: We believed that using regional median values instead of previously used medians for prenatal risk calculation can decrease the need for invasive procedures like amniocentesis which carries risks for both mother and fetus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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