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The growth theories preceding the endogenous growth theories assume that firms do not have the resources to devote to technology development because of full competitive conditions. While there is a consensus in the these theorems that technological development is the engine of growth; Lucas (1988)'s "Endogenous Growth Model Based on Human Capital", explains technological progress and economic growth with human capital. In a significant part of the empirical studies, it has been concluded that the effect of human capital on economic growth is positive. However, there are results that the increase in human capital has no effect on economic growth. Economic growth instability, which began after the "2008 global crisis", still continue. Based on this situation, it has become very important to determine the long-term impact of human capital on economic growth in Fragile Five countries. In this study, the effect of human capital on economic growth between 1987-2019 in terms of Fragile Five economies was estimated using the panel data method. The findings obtained reveal that human capital plays an important role in order for these countries to increase their economic growth. In this context, human capital has an important role in raising the economic growth of these countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turkish Journal of Social Research / Turkiye Sosyal Arastirmalar Dergisi is the property of Turkish Journal of Social Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

After the 1990s, social capital began to be included in the definition of capital, and economists began to view it as a component of economic growth and development. In the literature, there are numerous articles on social capital. The aim of this research is to use the comparative analysis approach to look at studies on social capital. The theoretical framework for the definition of social capital has been developed for this purpose; within the concept of capital, the position and economic effects of social capital have been highlighted. Th study also includes empirical studies showing that social capital positively affects economic growth as a result of productivity and production increase. It has been revealed in the study that social capital has positive effects on the economic indicators of countries. In addition, it was emphasized that economic and cultural capital are the most important factors affecting social capital. It has also been observed that social capital has an effect on the individual (internal social capital) and more towards society (external social capital), from beliefs and values of the individual to the frequency and intensity of social relations.

Günümüzde hem teknolojik ilerlemeler hem de rekabet düzeyleri dikkate alındığında, ülkelerin ekonomik büyümesinin en önemli unsurlarından birinin inovasyon olduğu görülmektedir. Bireylerin bilgi, beceri ve vasıfları ile ortaya koyduğu üretkenliği ifade eden beşeri sermaye ise, inovasyon ve ekonomik büyüme süreçlerinde önemli bir yere sahiptir. Bugüne dek yapılan birçok çalışma, Türkiye ekonomisine odaklanmaktadır. Geniş kapsamlı bir çalışma yapılması ve ülkeler arası karşılaştırmalara yer verilerek politika önerilerinde bulunulabilmesi amacıyla bu çalışmada, OECD ülkelerinde inovasyon, beşeri sermaye ve ekonomik büyüme ilişkisi panel veri analizi ile araştırılmıştır. Çalışmanın temel hipotezi, ‘’inovasyon ve beşeri sermaye ile ekonomik büyüme arasında ilişki vardır’’ şeklinde oluşturulmuştur. Sırasıyla klasik model, sabit etkiler modeli ve rassal etkiler modeli tahmin edilmiş, ardından Hausman testi ile rassal etkiler modelinin etkin sonuçlar verdiği saptandığından, rassal etkiler modeliyle analize devam edilmiştir. Sonrasında varsayımlardan sapmaların tespiti gerçekleştirilmiş, robust standart hatalar kullanılarak nihai modele ulaşılmıştır. Analiz sonuçlarına göre; inovasyon ve beşeri sermaye değişkenlerinin ekonomik büyüme üzerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir etkiye sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ekonometrik modele dahil edilen değişkenlerin anlamlı sonuçlar vermesi, ekonomik büyümenin belirleyicileri olarak beşeri sermaye ve inovasyonun OECD ülkelerinin tamamı için önemli belirleyiciler olduğunu göstermektedir.

Copyright of Journal of Social Policy Studies / Sosyal Politika Çalismalari Dergisi is the property of Journal of Social Policy Studies / Sosyal Politika Calismalari Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Business Economics & Management Research is the property of Bayburt University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this study; human capital, innovation and economic growth for Turkey's economy were investigated by time series analysis methods using the 1995-2018 period annual data. Real GDP per capita representing economic growth was taken as a dependent variable, domestic patent registration numbers representing innovation from independent variables, and students graduating from higher education representing the human capital variable. Besides, variables of labor and capital investments, which are considered as indicators of growth, are also included in the model. Extended Dickey-Fuller and Phillips- Perron unit root tests in determining the stability of variables, Johansen cointegration analysis in determining long term relationship, the existence of a cointegration relationship between variables, were used. Granger causality analysis was used to determine the causality relationship. As a result of the analyzes applied to the model, it was determined that there is a cointegration relationship between the variables. It has been observed that human capital and innovation have no effect on economic growth in the short term, but they have a positive effect in the long term, and capital investments and workforce affect economic growth both in the short and long term. As a result of the Granger causality analysis, bidirectional causality relationships between capital investments and economic growth, from the workforce to economic growth, from the workforce to capital investments, from human capital to innovation, were determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Health is expressed as an affecting factor of economic growth, which is one of the human capital factors. The improvement in health level with the increase in population, education, labor productivity, lifetime and life quality, may have a decisive effect on economic stability and growth by preventing future diseases. Although there is mostly a two-way relationship between health and economic growth in the findings of researches, some studies find no relationship. Different findings may be due to the neglect of health policy differences between countries in studies. Unlike previous studies in the literature, this study explores the impact of health on economic growth in all provinces of a country where the same health policy is applied with the panel data analysis method. For this purpose, covering the 2007-2017 period, the model including the variables that the gross domestic product, public investment, exports, imports, the infant mortality rate, the number of hospital beds, the number of people graduated from high school and the number of people has a bachelor's degree for all provinces in Turkey was estimated by the system GMM analysis. According to the findings, Turkey's health variables; 1% reduction in infant mortality rate causes an increase of 0.03% on GDP, 1% increase in the number of hospital beds causes an increase of 0,16% on GDP. The education variables, however, contribute to economic growth more than health variables, it is an undeniable fact that health is a prerequisite for education and economic growth. In this context, policy makers should pursue policies to improve individual and community health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of human capital, which means developable human power, has started to gain importance especially after 1960s. Human capital has a positive impact on the quality of life of countries when the required importance is given, thus allowing the increase in national income. This study is primarily examined the theoretical framework of the relationship between human capital and economic growth, on the issue has been referred to the studies in the literature and post selected from 1980-2017 years in Turkey, education, health and physical capital indicators and the human impact on the capital's economic growth econometrically tested. Johansen cointegration test, granger causality test and VEC methods were used as econometric analysis method. According to the short and long term results, per capita education expenditures and fixed capital investments have enhancing effect on economic growth. According to the Granger causality analysis, there was a positive and significant relationship from economic growth to per capita education expenditures, from per capita fixed capital investments to per capita education expenditures and from per capita health expenditures to per capita education expenditures [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to test the relationship between human capital and economic growth in Turkey with the analysis of the time series with reference to 1983-2013 period. In the study, the number of students per school at the stage of higher education, yearly employment figures and the gross enrollment ratio of higher education were used to represent human capital. As a result of the study, the Johansen-Juselius cointegration test revealed the existence of a long-term relationship between human capital and economic growth. Also, in the analysed of period for Turkey the relationship of granger casuality results can not be found between human capital and economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human capital has started to find its place in the growth literature as one of the sources of economic growth since the late 1980s. Increase in human capital accelerates growth by increasing capital investment rate. Human capital is an important factor, especially in the case of performing development by ensuring sustainable growth in developing countries such as Turkey. in this study, the relationship between human capital and growth is empirically assessed for Turkey. In the study, the causality relationship between gross domestic product (GDP) and the human capital is investigated for the period of 1998: Q1 and 2016: Q2. in the model, the variables representing human capital are education expenditures and expenditures on education and professional, scientific and technical activities. The results of the analysis show that there is a bidirectional causal relationship between GDP and the expenditures on professional, scientific and technical activities, while there is a one-way causal relationship between GDP and education expenditures. In this context, it can be argued that education expenditures and more generally increasing the quality of human capital in Turkey is important and have a positive impact on economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Optimum: Journal of Economics & Management Sciences / Ekonomi ve Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Optimum: Journal of Economics & Management Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

With the development of new (endogenaus) growth theories, it is observed that the major role in these theories had been given to human capital. Although offical or non-offical education indicators are the main indicators which represent human capital, the indicators about the health level of a society also appear in growth models as an element which feeds human capital and contributes its development. The literature which discuss the relation between economic growth and human capital could not come to a consensus about the relation between the variables which represent human capital and economic growth indicators. There are studies, in the literature, which support one-way or mutual causality relations regarding the direction of the causality. Hence, it is necessary to conduct predictions by using larger data sets and new econometric models. This study predicts the relationship between human capital and economic growth by using Emirmahmutoglu and Kose (2011) approach, which is one of the new generation panel causality tests, for the four different country groups by income levels which is classified by the World Bank for the period of 1995-2014. We used personal healthcare expenditures, total healthcare expenditures, private healthcare expenditures and public healthcare expenditures as human capital indicators, and personal income as economic growth indicator. The results obtained, according to the country groups, point to two-way causality relation between variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Küreselleşmenin kontrol edilemez boyutlara ulaştığı günümüz dünyasında sosyal, siyasi ve kültürel alandaki gelişmeler ve değişiklikler ekonomik büyümeye verilen önemi daha da anlamlı kılmaktadır. Bu bağlamda beşeri sermaye faktörü, ekonomik büyümenin belirleyicilerinden olarak ön plana çıkmaktadır. Bu çalışma literatürdeki diğer çalışmalardan farklı olarak bilgi-iletişim, eğitim ve sağlık sektörleri ile ekonomik büyüme arasındaki kısa ve uzun dönemli ilişkiyi tek tek değil bir arada ele alarak incelemektedir. Söz konusu ilişki 1998:1 – 2014:3 dönemine ait 1988 bazlı reel üçer aylık veriler kullanılarak zaman serisi analiziyle test edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgulara göre bilgi değişkeninin katsayısı istatistiksel olarak anlamlıyken diğer değişkenlerin katsayıları anlamlı değildir. Bilgi, eğitim ve sağlık sektöründeki cari dönem gelişmeler aynı dönemdeki GSYH’yı pozitif olarak etkilemektedir. GSYH’nın en duyarlı olduğu sektör bilgi ve iletişim sektörüdür. Bu sektördeki %1’lik bir üretim artışı GSYH’da yaklaşık %0,55 bir artışa neden olmaktadır.

Sağlık, bireyler için refahın kaynağı iken ekonomik büyümenin de önemli bir belirleyicisidir. Beşeri sermayenin oluşumunda önemli rol oynayan sağlık, bireyin verimliliğini arttırarak ekonomik büyümeye katkı sağlamaktadır. Bu çalışmada sağlık harcamaları ve ekonomik büyüme ilişkisi 2000-2013 yıllarını kapsayan dönemde 54 üst orta gelirli ülke için araştırılmıştır. Bu doğrultuda toplam sağlık harcamalarının yanında kamu ve özel sektör sağlık harcamalarının ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki etkisi panel veri analiz yöntemi kullanılarak test edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgulara göre; gerek toplam sağlık harcamalarındaki gerekse kamu ve özel sektör sağlık harcamalarındaki artış, üst orta gelirli ülkelerde ekonomik büyümeyi olumlu yönde etkilemektedir.

Total factor productivity can be described as a measure of the intensity and efficiency of all inputs used in the production process. Total factor productivity which indicates the level of knowledge, innovation and technology of production, is one of the most important factors determining the economic growth rates, prosperity levels and the global competitiveness. In this study covering the years 1991-2016, it was aimed to measure of the decisive inputs to growth in GDP in Turkey by using Cobb-Douglass production function. The findings obtained by the least squares method analysis reveal that the most important determinant of the growth rate in Turkey is the increase in the amount of capital in Turkey. At the same time, total factor productivity has a positive impact on economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Journal of Social Sciences / Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi is the property of Journal of Abant Social Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of the study is to investigate the effect of health expenditure and population over 65 years on economic growth in Turkey by using ARDL approach and estimation methods of FMOLS, DOLS and CCR over the periods of 1979-2015. In the study, endogenous growth model is used in order to relate human capital accumulation and health expenditure. Empirical results show that there are positive and statistically significant relations between per capita health expenditure and economic growth. However, emprical findings related to the effect of population over 65 years on per capita income do not seem to support similar results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Omer Halisdemir Universitesi Iktisadi ve Idari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Omer Halisdemir University, Faculty of Economics & Admistrative Sciene and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The quality and quantity of human capital which allows countries to wisely and effectively use their resources is vital to economic growth and development of countries. Additionally, real gross domestic product- an indicator of economic growth- has a significant effect on development along with factors such as health and education. A review of the reports published by United Nations Development Program reveals that a country's level of development is represented by the ''human development index'' ratings. In the same report appears "expectancy of life at birth" which is an indicator of health investments, and ''schooling rate'' as a measure of educational investments. In this context, this study presents a theoretical discussion on the concepts of human capital, development and growth and later, the study empirically tests the relevance and validity of the relationships among the research variables utilizing data on OECD countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bu çalışmanın amacı, beşeri sermaye endeksleri ve kurumların etkinliğinin ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki etkisini tespit etme ve aynı zamanda yakınsama hipotezi açısından geçerliliğini test etmektir. Bu amaçla, çalışmada 29 OECD ülkesinin 2000–2007 dönemine ait yıllık verileri, Mankiw–Romer–Weil (MRW) modeli kullanılarak, panel veri regresyon analizi ile ekonometrik açıdan incelenmektedir. Analiz sonuçlarına göre, beşeri sermaye endekslerinden eğitimin ekonomik büyümeyi pozitif, sağlığın ise ekonomik büyümeyi negatif yönde etkilediği görülmektedir. Kurumların etkinliğini belirlemede kullanılan mülkiyet hakkı değişkeni ise ekonomik büyümeyi pozitif yönde etkilemektedir. Yakınsama hipotezinin incelenen dönemler itibariyle geçerli olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Copyright of Journal of Turkish Court of Accounts / Sayistay Dergisi is the property of Turkish Court of Accounts and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Entrepreneurship & Development / Girisimcilik ve Kalkinma Dergisi is the property of Journal of Entrepreneurship & Development / Girisimcilik ve Kalkinma Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Academic Review of Economics & Administrative Sciences is the property of Academic Review of Economics & Administrative Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Sosyal anlamda toplumun tüm kesimlerini öncelikli olarak ilgilendiren eğitim, kamu hizmetleri bağlamında en önemli harcama alanları arasında yer almaktadır. Eğitim, özellikle gelişmekte olan ülkelerde gerek bütçedeki miktarı, gerekse bakış açısı yönünden yıllarca çok geri planda bırakılmıştır. Toplumların yönetsel, ekonomik, sosyal ve kültürel gelişimi önündeki en büyük engel olarak duran olumsuz tabloyu ortadan kaldırabilmek için, eğitimin tüm alanlarına büyük önem vermek ve bu bağlamda eğitim alanında önemli yatırımlar ve harcamalar yapmak gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye için ekonomik büyüme ile eğitim harcamaları arasındaki ilişkinin analiz edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla, eşbütünleşmeye sınır testi yaklaşımı kullanılmış ve sadece kısa dönemde eğitim harcamalarının ekonomik büyüme üzerinde olumlu etkisi olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Education which is a priority concern for all sections of society is one of the important expenditure items in the context of public services. Especially in the developing countries the amount of education in the budget has not been sufficient. To eliminate this situation which is one of the biggest obstacles in front of economic growth, social and cultural developing, there is need to increase the expenditures on education. In this study, it has been aimed to analyze the relationship between economic growth and education expenditures for Turkey. To this end, the bounds test is used and it has been concluded that education expenditures affect economic growth positively only in the short term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the existence of nonlinear relationship between tertiary education and economic growth in the period of the Republic of Turkey, using annual time series data from 1924 to 2009. The econometric approach of this paper is based on the threshold autoregressive (TAR) model. The empirical results show evidence of one threshold value and the graduates of tertiary education have a positive contribution to economic growth above this value. The findings of this study exhibit that the government must be invest much more for the higher education to promote the development of the Turkish economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]