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Öneri sistemleri, kullanıcılara kişiselleştirilmiş öneri sunan bilgi filtreleme sistemleridir. Öneri tabanlı uygulamalar e-ticaret, film, makale, restoran ve seyahat gibi birçok alanda kullanılmaktadır. Özellikle metin tabanlı depolamaya sahip sistemler üzerinde geleneksel anahtar kelime tabanlı arama tekniğiyle karşılaştırıldığında, öneri sistemleri büyük veri için daha etkili ve özelleştirilmiş sistemler olarak ön plana çıkmaktadır. Bilimsel çalışma paylaşımının yapıldığı platformlarda içerik havuzunun genişlemesiyle birlikte metinsel veri kullanımında önemli artış görülmektedir. Bu durum, araştırmacıların kendi alanlarıyla ilgili güvenilir ve doğru yayınlara erişimini zorlaştırmaktadır. Araştırmacılar, çalışmalarına katkı sağlayacak en doğru yayınları bulmakta çok fazla zaman harcayabilmektedir. Bilimsel çalışma öneri sistemi, karşılaşılan bu sorunlara çözüm üreterek araştırmacılara ilgi alanlarına uygun yayınları hızlı bir şekilde bulmalarına yardımcı olmaktadır. Sınırlı deneyime sahip kişiler için bilimsel çalışma öneri sistemleri araştırmacıların ufuklarını ve araştırma ilgi alanlarını genişletmeleri doğrultusunda yayınlar sunmaktadır. İçerik tabanlı filtreleme yöntemi, bilimsel çalışma öneri sistemi tasarımında en yaygın kullanılan yöntem olup kullanıcıdan bağımsız modellenir. Bu çalışmada, içerik tabanlı yeni bir bilimsel çalışma öneri sistemi farklı benzerlik yöntemleri üzerinden karşılaştırmalı olarak tavsiye edilmektedir. Yöntemler ve öneri ağırlıkları değişiklik gösterse de aynı veri seti içerisinde aynı yayınların önerildiği görülmektedir. Ölçüm değeri olarak birbirine yakın yöntemler arasında seçim yapmak gerektiğinde ise hesaplama süresini dikkate almak gerektiği sonucuna varılmaktadır., Recommender systems are information filtering systems that offer personalized suggestions to users. Recommender-based applications are used in numerous areas, such as e-commerce, streaming services, textual media, restaurants, and tourism. Compared to traditional keyword-based search techniques, especially on systems with text-based storage, recommender systems stand out as more effective and customized systems for big data. With the expansion of the content pool on platforms where scientific study sharing is made, there is a significant increase in textual data use. This situation makes it difficult for researchers to access reliable and accurate papers in their domains. Researchers may spend a lot of time finding the most accurate publications to contribute to their studies. The scientific study recommender system helps researchers quickly find papers that are suitable for their interests. Scientific study recommender system offers publications to researchers, who have limited experience, to broaden their horizons and research interests. The content-based filtering method is the most widely used procedure in scientific study recommender system designs and is modeled independently from the user. In this study, a new content-based scientific study recommender system is comparatively suggested over different similarity methods. Although the methods and recommender weights vary, it is seen that the same publications are recommended within the same data set. When it is necessary to choose between methods that are close to each other as measurement values, it is concluded that the calculation time should be considered.

Kağıt ve Kağıt Ürünleri Basım ve Yayın sektöründe de son zamanlarda ithalata bağımlı olunmasından dolayıüretim maliyetleri yükselmiştir. Bu noktada çalışmada Kağıt ve Kağıt Ürünleri Basım ve Yayın sektörün tercih edilmişolup, sektörde lider durumda olan işletmeler çok kriterli karar verme yöntemleri ile belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Buçalışmada, Borsa İstanbul’da işlem gören Kâğıt ve Kâğıt Ürünleri Basım ve Yayın sektöründeki işletmelerin 2012-2017yılları arasındaki finansal performansları, çok kriterli karar verme yöntemlerinden olan TOPSİS (Technique for OrderPreference by Similarity to Ideal Solution), PROMETHEE (Preference Ranking Organization Method for EnrichmentEvaluation) ve COPRAS (Complex Proportional Assessment) yöntemleriyle ölçülmeye çalışılmıştır. Araştırma örnekleminiBİST’de işlem gören 14 işletme oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmada ilk olarak çok kriterli karar verme yöntemlerinde kullanılanfinansal oranlar açıklanmış ve daha sonra TOPSİS, PROMETHEE ve COPRAS yöntemlerinin uygulama basamaklarınayer verilmiştir. Finansal oranların hesaplanması aşamasında, ilgili işletmelerin 2012-2017 yılları arasındaki finansaltabloları Kamuyu Aydınlatma Platformundan alınan veriler ışığında kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda, her bir yöntemiçin söz konusu işletmelerin 2012-2017 yılları arasındaki 6 dönemlik performanslarının 10 finansal oranladeğerlendirilmesi yapılarak, elde edilen sonuçlar arasında karşılaştırma yapılmıştır. Paper and Paper Products in the printing and publishing sector, production costs have increased due to the recentdependence on imports. At this point, Paper and Paper Products Printing and Publishing sector has been preferred andthe leading companies in the sector have been tried to be determined by multi-criteria decision making methods. In thisstudy, the financial performances of the paper and paper products printing and publishing sector traded in Borsa Istanbulbetween the years of 2012-2017, which is one of the multi criteria decision making methods, are the most important decisionmaking methods, PROMETHEE (Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment Evaluation and COPRAS(Complex Proportional Assessment) methods. The research sample consisted of 14 companies listed in the BIST. Firstly,the financial ratios used in multi-criteria decision making methods were explained and then the application steps ofTOPSİS, PROMETHEE and COPRAS methods were included. During the calculation of financial ratios, the financialstatements of the related companies between the years 2012-2017 were used in the light of the data obtained from thePublic Disclosure Platform. As a result of the research, the 6-period performance of the companies have rewieved, betweenthe years 2012-2017 was evaluated with 10 financial ratios and the results were compared.

Tiyatro kostümlerini tasarlama sürecinde; eğitimde kullanılan bazı yeni pratikler; öğrencilerin sahne kostümüne bakış açısını değiştirerek, sahne kostümünü algılamada deneyim kazanmalarını sağlamıştır. Bu amaçla başladığımız, kağıt kostüm uygulamaları öğrencilerin birikim ve becerilerini yansıttıkları birer eser haline gelerek izleyicilerin beğenisini kazanmıştır. Araştırma, tasarım, çizim gibi her tasarımcının tasarım surecine başladığı tekniklerle yola çıkılan bu çalışmalarda, çalışma gruplarına farklı sınırlandırmalar getirilerek, kendi özgün tasarımlarını uygulamaları hedeflenmiştir. Kostüm kalıplarının teknik olarak çizildikten sonra terzi mankenleri üzerinde prova yapılması, daha sonrasın da terzilerin Amerikan benziyle yaptıkları teknik prova, çıkacak işin sağlamlığı ve doğruluğu bakımından yadsınamaz bir çalışmadır; ancak öğrenciler için hem süreci kısaltmak hemde kağıt ve kumaş sarfiyatını azaltmak için uygulamalarımızı doğrudan kağıt malzeme kullanarak gerçekleştirmeye başladık. Ağırlıklı olarak kağıt malzemenin kullanıldığı ancak bazen gerekli görülen durumlarda farklı malzemelerinde yer aldığı çalışmalar bir bütün olarak bakıldığında birbirleriyle oluşturdukları, uyum ve ahengi koruyabilmişlerdir. Bir çalışma pratiği kazandırmak amacıyla başladığımız bu çalışmaların, tiyatro kostümü hazırlamak için henüz sahada yerini alamamış öğrencilerin sahne kostümünün zorluklarını görebilmeleri için uygun bir hazırlık çalışması olmuştur. Bu çalışmayla kazandıkları deneyimlerinden, kolaylıkla kostüm atölyelerinde faydalanabileceklerdir., In the process of designing theatrical costumes, some new practices used in training enabled students to gain experience in stage costumes by changing the perspective of students for stage costumes. Paper costume applications we initiated for this purpose have gained the admiration of the audience by becoming a work that reflects the knowledge and skills of the students. In these studies that begin with certain techniques used by every designer at the beginning of the design process such as research, design, drawing, it is aimed to apply their own unique design by bringing different restrictions on the working group. Trying on the costumes on the tailor's models after drawing the mold technique, then the tailor’s technical try on with the nettle cloth is important for the accuracy and stability of the work; we began to do our practices with paper material directly to reduce the use of paper and fabric waste. When all the work that mainly paper material is used but sometimes different materials are used where necessary is considered as a whole, they can protect the cohesion and harmony that they create with each other. These works that we started in order to gain practical work, have been proper preparation for students who have not yet taken place in the preparation of stage costumes for theater to be able to see the difficulties. The experience gained with this work will be able to easily take advantage in costume workshop.

Background: Oxidative stress status in different cancer types was investigated before, but not studied in gastric intestinal metaplasia to the best of our knowledge. Purpose of this study is to examine whether there is a difference between oxidative stress status in patients with intestinal metaplasia (IM) compared to individuals without IM, we compared the serum levels of disulfide (SS), total thiol (TT) and native thiol (NT). Methods: This was a prospective, non-randomized casecontrol study including 67 patients with histopathologically confirmed IM and 60 individuals demographically matched in terms of age, gender, BMI, smoking status, and chronic diseases as control group. Results: The mean NT, TT and NT to TT (NT/TT) ratios were statistically significantly higher in IM group compared to controls ((351.71 ± 81.9 _mol/L vs. 271.82 ± 54.13 _mol/L, p=0.000), (391.5 ± 92.69 _mol/L vs. 308.59 ± 55.53 _mol/L, p=0.000) and (0.89 ± 0.6 vs. 0.87 ± 0.29, p=0.022), respectively). The mean SS to TT (SS/TT) ratio was significantly lower in IM group than control group (0.050 ± 0.31 vs. 0.060 ± 0.014, P=0.022). Median SS and mean SS/NT ratio was similar in both groups (16.3 (3.3-78) vs. 18.3 (10-32.7), p=0.271 and 0.055 ± 0.041 vs. 0.070 ± 0.019, p=0.068, respectively). In ROC analysis, cut off value of SS/NT for IM was found 0.062, in regression analysis, SS/NT

The refining of crude oils obtained from plant origin seeds and fruits is applied in order to remove the undesirable components in the oil or to reduce the amount to an acceptable level. While the unwanted substances are removed from the oil during the refining process or the quantities are reduced to an acceptable level; bioactive compounds (tocopherols, phenolic substances, sterols, squalene, etc.) in the oil are lost qualitatively and quantitatively, conjugation and trans isomerization reactions and process contaminants such as 3-MCPD occur. Intrasystem, innovative, technical solutions need to be developed to reduce the loss of bioactive compounds in the refining stages and/or to prevent the formation of undesirable compounds. For this purpose; refining flows, which can be carried out at a lower temperature, shorter processing time, using less chemicals, are supported by innovative techniques such as ultrasound-assisted refining and accelerating chemical reactions, need to be developed. in this review; the scientific studies on ultrasound assisted degumming, neutralisation and bleaching steps are summarized in detail.

The agriculture and livestock sectors increased their production capacities by the increasing population. Thus, the environmental risks arising from the farms and agricultural areas that are generating more waste are also increased. Especially, animal wastes cannot be taken under control and unconsciously thrown into rivers, estuaries, open areas or irrigation canals, resulting in the destruction of the biological structure of the region soil and the endangered environmental health of insect, mosquito and odor problems. Surface and groundwater exposure to nitrogen and phosphorus pollution affects the health of all living things in the region. In addition, various gases resulting from waste accumulation rapidly pollute the regional air and cause the propagation of harmful microorganisms. From the environmental problems created by the wastewater, the treatment of the livestock wastewater sequential anaerobic upflow sludge bed reactor / aerobic continuous stirred tank reactor has been investigated. An aerobic CSTR reactor was used to break down the residual organic pollution following the anaerobic UASB reactor. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal and the amount of methane gas were measured at different organic loading rates (3.53-10.59 kg COD/m(3)day) in the system. In study, the highest COD removal efficiency in anaerobic UASB reactor was reached as 90.3% at an organic loading rate of 7.06 kgCOD/m(3)day. The highest measured methane gas rate in the biogas formed in the anaerobic treatment section was 65%. The results show that the treatability of the livestock wastewater is a good alternative anaerobic upflow sludge bed reactor / aerobic continuous mixing tank reactor.

In this study, in addition to textile wastewater treatment by UF/NFtight/TO membrane combination of which efficiency is known, management has been performed for membrane concentrates generated with advanced oxidation combined process (Fenton and photo-Fenton (UVA-365-UVC-254))/submerged UF system of membrane concentrates generated within 75-80% water recovery ratio by oxidizing them in optimum operating conditions which were determined before. Ultimately in the studies, the conclusion has been reached that concentrate flows, generated as a result of the treatment with UF/NFtight/TO membrane configuration, were the highest performance innovative process by decreasing the sequential operated photo-Fenton (UVC-254)/UH050 hybrid process in ratios of 9.88 H2O2/TOK and 7.27 H2O2/Fe2+, in the filtration flux of 44 L/m(2). h, COD value to 167 mg/L with 86% COD removal, and TOK value to 104 mg/L with 74.2% TOC removal, after the oxidation with Fenton, photo-Fenton (UVA-365) and (UVC-254)/submerged UF system processes. When hazardous characteristics, removal/recovery methods and reuse alternatives of the concentrate remained after the oxidation of membrane concentrates generated were evaluated, it has been seen that all other concentrates of textile industry wastewater, except the concentrate generated by the treatment with photo-Fenton (UVA-365), had characteristics of hazardousness When removal/recovery methods were evaluated in detail, the conclusion has been reached that these concentrates could be removed with alternative options such as regular storage, burning and canalizing to central wastewater treatment system as long as necessary arrangements (moisture content, dehydration, suitable flow and/or mixture ratios) are made.

Kömür lavvarlarında katı-sıvı ayırımı tikinerlerde taze su tüketimini azaltmak, yoğun bir çamur elde etmek ve çevresel kirliliği azaltmak amacıyla gerçekleştirilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, GLİ Tunçbilek-Ömerler lavvarı tikiner girişinden alınan numune üzerinde, 4 farklı tipte anyonik flokülant ve Na+, K+, Ca+2 elektrolitleri kullanarak katıların çökelme davranışları incelenmiştir. Tikiner girişinden alınan malzeme kuru baza göre %17,1 karbon ve %70,2 kül içermekte olup, alt ısıl değeri 2245 kcal/kg'dır. Gerçekleştirilen çökelme deneyleri sonucunda, elektrolitlerin uygun flokülantlarla beraber kullanılması durumunda çökelme hızlarını arttırdığı tespit edilmiştir. 25 gr/t-katı flokülant ve 0,05 M Ca+2 ile flokların çökelme hızlarında %38 oranında artma hesaplanmıştır. Çöktürme hızında sağlanmış olan artışın, elektrolitlerin kil yüzeyi ile flokülant arasında köprü vazifesi görmesinin yanında, taneler arasındaki itme kuvvetlerini azaltması ile geliştiği tespit edilmiştir. Bununla birlikte, flokülantlarla beraber ortama elektrolit ilave edilmesi durumunda, tikiner kapasitesinde artış sağlanacak ve daha az temiz su tüketilecektir., Solid-liquid separation in Coal Washing Plants is carried out to decrease fresh water consumption in thickeners obtaining a dense-slurry and to decrease environmental pollution. In this study, settling characteristics of the samples were investigated using four different type anionic flocculants and Na+, K+, Ca+2 electrolytes. The samples were taken from the thickener feed of Tunçbilek-Ömerler Coal Washing Plant. The dried feed samples of thickener contain 17.1% carbon, 70.2% ash and 2245 kcal/kg of lower calorific value. As a result of the settling experiments, it was determined that electrolytes together with suitable flocculants increase the settling rate. An increase of 38% in settling rate was observed by using 25 gr/t-solid flocculants and 0.05M Ca+2 . This increase is due to bridge formation action of electrolytes between the clay surface and flocculants as well as the decrease in the repulsive forces between the particles. In conclusion, the thickener capacity will be increased by electrolyte and flocculants addition, and less amount of fresh water will be used in the process.

Purpose: This study presents the relationship between air transportation and development indicators in Turkey covering the period from 1970 to 2017. The transportation sector tends to expand significantly in the 21st century compared to previous years. Nowadays, there are various transportation methods, especially by air, land, sea, railway, and pipeline. Although the reasons for being preferred in this sector where goods and services and passenger transportation are different, air transportation has come to the fore as the fastest and safest method. Method: While air transportation depends on the economic level, it also has effects on development. In this context the objectives are twofold: the paper (i) investigates the relationship between air transportation measures and a wide variety of development indicators, and (ii) incorporates an empirical framework based on the dynamic connectedness approach. This method supplies net, pairwise, and total connectedness parameters, which form integral parts of a relational network among variables. Findings: According to empirical findings, air passenger transportation, life expectancy, and infant mortality are net transmitters, where air freight transportation and other development indicators (urbanization, human capital index, CO2 emissions, and GDP per capita) are net receivers. Originality: The results obtained by the dynamic connectedness method differ from conventional methods in the plane of creating a relationship network within the variables. Through this paper, the relations between development indicators and air transportation in Turkey have been uncovered under the terms of the contribution to the literature, were revealed as part of a network system. Amaç: Bu çalışma, 1970-2017 dönemini kapsayan Türkiye'deki havayolu taşımacılığı ile kalkınma göstergeleri arasındaki ilişkiyi ortaya koymaktadır. 21. yüzyılda ulaşım sektörü önceki yıllara göre önemli ölçüde genişleme eğilimindedir. Günümüzde taşımacılığın kapsamı havayolu, karayolu, denizyolu, demiryolu ve boru hatları çerçevesinde oluşmaktadır. Mal ve hizmetlerin ve yolcu taşımacılığının farklı olduğu bu sektörde tercih edilme nedenleri olsa da en hızlı ve güvenli yöntem olarak havayolu taşımacılığı ön plana çıkmıştır. Yöntem: Havayolu taşımacılığı ekonomik düzeye bağlı olmakla birlikte kalkınmaya da etki etmektedir. Bu bağlamda hedefler iki yönlüdür: makale (i) havayolu taşımacılığı önlemleri ile çok çeşitli kalkınma göstergeleri arasındaki ilişkiyi araştırır ve (ii) dinamik bağlılık yaklaşımına dayalı ampirik bir çerçeve içerir. Bu yöntem, değişkenler arasında bir ilişkisel ağın ayrılmaz parçalarını oluşturan net, ikili ve toplam bağlantılılık parametreleri sağlamaktadır. Bulgular: Ampirik bulgulara göre, havayolu taşımacılığı, beklenen yaşam süresi ve yeni doğan ölümleri net aktarıcı, havayolu taşımacılığı ve diğer kalkınma göstergelerinin (şehirleşme, insan sermayesi endeksi, CO2 emisyonları ve kişi başına düşen GSYİH) net alıcılardır. Özgünlük: Dinamik bağlantılılık yöntemiyle elde edilen sonuçlar değişkenler arasındaki ilişki ağının oluşturulması düzleminde konvansiyonel yöntemlerden ayrışmaktadır. Bu çalışma sayesinde, Türkiye kapsamında literatürde katkısı bakımından yeni olan kalkınma göstergeleri ve havayolu taşımacılığı ilişkileri, bir ağ sistemi çerçevesinde ortaya çıkarılmıştır.

PurposeThis paper discusses early childhood classrooms as powerful spaces for identity work and, more specifically, as a place (or not) for supporting early STEM identity development. It makes the case for educators and researchers alike to promote an expanded role of early childhood STEM education in the daily lives of young children.Design/methodology/approachThis paper uses a qualitative interpretive methodology, drawing from a wide array of research and theoretical literature from early childhood and STEM education and developmental psychology, as well as public policy.FindingsToday, both research and interventions aimed at fixing the “leaking STEM pipeline” and theory/research on STEM identity development focus on children in middle school and above. Yet, children's attitudes about STEM and about themselves as STEM learners are formed early, and identity work is a task of early childhood. This suggests a need to focus on young children's engagement with STEM education as a means of nurturing their early STEM identity development.Originality/valueThis paper synthesizes previous research to outline the need for expanding STEM education in early public schooling. It proposes a conceptualization of early STEM academic identity development (based on the premise that middle school is too late to fix the leaking STEM pipeline).

Uluslararası Muhasebe ve Finans Araştırmaları Kongresi, muhasebe ve finans alanındaki özgün araştırmaların bir arada tartışıldığı, geniş katılımlı kongrelerden biridir. Çok sayıda akademisyen ve uygulamacıyı bir araya getirerek bilgi paylaşımı sağlayan kongre, muhasebe ve finans alanının bütünselliğinin korunmasına da hizmet etmektedir. Kongrenin gelişiminin ve genel profilinin ortaya koyulması ve geleceğinin değerlendirilmesinin amaçlandığı bu çalışmada; 2016 yılı ile 2019 yılları arasında gerçekleştirilmiş dört kongrede sunulmuş bildiriler belirli kriterler çerçevesinde analiz edilmiştir. Analiz kapsamında söz konusu yıllarda sunulan toplam 387 bildiri incelenmiş ve bulgular değerlendirilmiştir. Kongrenin uluslararası nitelik kazandığı 2016 yılından bugüne kadar düzenlenen dört kongrede sunulan bildirilerin analizi sonucunda ortaya çıkan bulgular, Uluslararası Muhasebe ve Finans Araştırmaları Kongresi’nin alanın en çok tercih edilen kongrelerinden biri haline geldiğini göstermektedir. Toplam bildiri sayısı ve yazar sayısı verilerinin bu durumun göstergesi olduğunu söylemek mümkündür. Bununla birlikte sunulan bildiri konularındaki çeşitlilik kongrenin içerik yönünden de zengin olduğunu göstermektedir. Farklı üniversitelerden birçok akademisyen ve öğrencinin katıldığı kongreye uygulamacıların bildirili katılımlarının az olması ise üzerinde durulması gereken noktalardan biridir. Diğer taraftan yurtdışından katılan yazar ya da konuşmacı sayısının yıllar itibariyle artış gösterdiği ancak henüz istenilen seviyeye ulaşamadığını belirtmek gerekmektedir. Bu bağlamda kongrenin gelişimi açısından uluslararasılaşma çalışmaları üzerinde de durulması gerekliliği ortaya çıkmaktadır.Bu çalışmadan elde edilen sonuçların Uluslararası Muhasebe ve Finans Araştırmaları Kongresi’nin gelişimine ve geleceğine ışık tutacağı ve gelecekte bu kongreye katılacak araştırmacılar ile kongre organizatörleri için bir rehber olacağı düşünülmektedir., International Congress on Accounting and Finance Research (ICAFR) is one of the congresses with wide participation, where original research in the field of accounting and finance is discussed together. The congress, which brings together many academicians and practitioners and provides information sharing, also serves to protect the integrity of the accounting and finance area. In this study, which aims to reveal the development and general profile of the congress and evaluate its future; Papers presented at four congresses held between 2016 and 2019 were analyzed within the framework of certain criteria. Within the scope of the analysis, a total of 387 papers presented in those years were examined and the findings were evaluated.The findings that emerged as a result of the analysis of the papers presented in the four congresses held since 2016, when the congress became international, show that the International Congress of Accounting and Finance Research has become one of the most preferred congresses. It is possible to say that the total number of papers and the number of authors are indicative of this situation. However, the diversity of the papers subjects shows that the congress is also rich in terms of content. The fact that the participation with of practitioners is low in the congress which many academicians and students from different universities attended is one of the points that should be emphasized. On the other hand, it should be noted that the number of writers or speakers from abroad has increased over the years but has not yet reached the desired level. In this context, it is necessary to focus on internationalization studies in terms of the development of the congress.It is thought that the results obtained from this study will shed light on the development and future of the International Congress of Accounting and Finance Research and will be a guide for the congress organizers and the researchers who will participate in this congress in the future.

Technology monitoring is a natural conjugate to foresight which is the observation and analysis of scientific, technical and technological environment of economic impacts in order to deduce both current and future threats and increase development opportunities. Technology monitoring is a methodology for organizations to systematically analyze technical information in a continuous way in order to gain insight and competitive advantage in a specific technical domain and is based mainly on statistical analysis of published information. This paper aims to review the existing literature and examine the evolution of such a field so that the research trends can be uncovered, including research methods. The results of an effort to identify the performance of energy, renewable energy, power and fuels research related papers published in Turkey during the last decade (2009–2018) are reported by using a bibliometric approach. Bibliometric approaches have been employed in order to assess the field of all energy research. Citation analysis is performed to assess the influence of most productive territories and authors. National and international collaboration was another field investigated in order to be compared with network analysis., Teknoloji izleme, öngörü çalışmalarının doğal eşleniği olmasının yanında mevcutta ve gelecekte olası tehditlerin bertarafı ve gelişme fırsatlarını artırmak için bilimsel, teknik ve teknolojik ortamın gözlenmesi ve analiz edilmesi olarak ifade edilmektedir. Teknoloji izleme aynı zamanda kuruluşların belirli bir alanda içgörü ve rekabet avantajı elde etmek amacıyla teknik bilgilerini sürekli olarak sistematik bir şekilde analiz etmeleri için kullanılan ve temel olarak yayınlanan bilgilerin istatistiksel analizine dayanan bir yöntemdir.Bu çalışma mevcut literatür bilgilerine dayalı enerji alanındaki çalışmaların gözden geçirilmesi ve ilgili yayınlara bağlı olarak araştırma yöntemlerini de içeren teknolojik eğilimin belirlenmesini amaçlamaktadır. Özellikle enerji, yenilenebilir enerji, güç ve yakıt anahtar kelimeleriyle tanımlanan Türkiye adresli son on yılda (2009–2018) yayımlanmış olan makale, patent, tez ve gerçekleştirilen projelerin bibliyometrik yöntem kullanılarak analiz edilmesine odaklanmaktadır. Çalışmada yararlanılan bibliyometrik yaklaşım tüm enerji araştırmalarını değerlendirmek için kullanılmıştır. Gerçekleştirilen çalışmada ulusal ve uluslararası işbirlikleri de incelenmiştir.

This paper compares andcontrasts the present accounting standards in Turkey to that of the Accountingand Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial Institutions , in terms of itseffects to the Turkish Participation Banks when implemented. Comparison betweenan annual report of a participation bank abroad that is subject to AAOIFIstandards and an annual report of a participation bank in Turkey has also beenstudied. In addition, paper also examines the accounting “Charts of Accounts” fromthe communiques of the Turkish Regulatory and Supervisory Agency (BRSA) for bothparticipation banks and conventional banks searching for their resemblances anddistinctions, along with the comparison of the main components of theirfinancial statements. The work at hand sets forth that after the application ofthe standards of AAOIFI, additional financial reports will start to beprepared, comprising additional qualitative characteristics in terms ofdifferentiation of the components which are peculiar to Islamic banks which arecurrently classified as credits in financials and extended applications onaccounting projections. Furthermore, these standards will also make way for theapplication of zakah practice in participation banking system., İslamiFinansal Kuruluşlar için Muhasebe ve Denetim Kuruluşu’nun Kavramsal Çerçeve,Faizsiz Finans Muhasebe Rehberi ve 18 adet standart Kamu Gözetimi Kurumu tarafındanTürkçe’ye çevrilerek Resmî Gazete’de yayınlanmıştır. 01.01.2020 tarihindenitibaren ihtiyari olarak uygulanabilecek standartların Türkiye’deki Katılım Bankalarınaetkilerini ele almak adına ülkemizde uygulanan muhasebe standart metinleri ilekarşılaştırılmıştır. AAOIFI standartlarını benimseyen yabancı bir katılımbankası ile ülkemizde faaliyet gösteren bir katılım bankasının finansaltabloları karşılaştırılmıştır. Katılım vemevduat bankalarının kullanması zorunlu hesap planı üzerinden de karşılaştırmayapılmış, farklar ortaya konmuştur. Ayrıca düzenlenen finansal tablolarda yeralan ana kalemlerin karşılaştırılmasına yer verilmiştir. AAOIFIstandartlarının ülkemizde uygulanması ile ek finansal tabloların düzenlenmesi, zekâtuygulaması, niteliksel özellikler ve muhasebe varsayımlarında ilave hususlar,krediler kalemi yerine islami bankacılığa özgü kalemlerin eklenmesi söz konusuolacaktır.

Edebi eserin yirminci yüzyılın ilk yarısında Yeni Eleştiri içerisinde otonom ve kurgusal varlık kazanma talebi, yorumlanması hususunda tarihsellikle bağını radikal biçimde koparır. Aynı yüzyılın ikinci yarısında ise “okurun tarihselliği”ne dikkat çeken Alımlama Estetiği ve “metnin tarihselliği, tarihin metinselliği” kavramlarıyla anılagelen Yeni Tarihselcilik, Yeni Eleştiri sonrası bastırılan tarihsel bilince dönüş çabaları arasında anlamlı bir noktada durur. Ancak her iki yaklaşımda da edebi metinleri anlamanın tarihselliğinin, okurun yahut metnin tarihselliği üzerinden şekillendirilmesinin ağır bastığı görülür. Bu yazıda, ortaya çıkan bu durumun, edebi metinleri anlamanın çift yönlü tarihselliğini iki karşı uçtan eksik bıraktığı iddia edilecektir. Diğer taraftan, yazı boyunca tarihselci edebiyat teorisi, Yeni Eleşti-ri, Alımlama Estetiği ve Yeni Tarihselcilik içinde edebiyatın tarihle kurduğu gerilimli ilişkisi konusundaki temel sorular üzerinde durulacaktır. Bu yazı-da ayrıca, edebi metnin okunmasının; okurun kendisini tarih içinde bulu-vermesi, tecrübenin zamansallığı, insanın ve edebi metnin tamamlanamazlığı gibi boyutlarıyla tarihsel olduğu iddia edilecektir. Edebi metnin kurgusal varlığı ve otonomisini incitmeksizin tarihle, tarihsel olanla anlamlı bir ilişki kurabilmesi ancak okumanın tarihselliği üzerinden gerçekleştirilebilir., The demand of the literary work to gain autonomous and fictional exist-ence within the New Criticism in the first half of the twentieth century, rad-ically breaks with the historicity in its interpretation. In the second half of the twentieth century, the Reception Aesthetics with the concept of ''histo-ricity of reader'' and New Historicism with the concept of ''historicity of text'' and ''textuality of history'' stand at a meaningful point among efforts to return to historical consciousness that disappeared after the New Criti-cism. However, in both approaches, it is seen that the historicity of under-standing literary texts predominantly shape through the only historicity of reader or only historicity of text. In this paper, it will be argued that this situation impoverishes the two-way historicity of understanding literary texts at two opposite ends. This paper also will mainly focus on the fundamental problems in the context of the tension relationship of literature with history in historicist literary theory, New Criticism, Reception Aesthetics and New Historicism. It will also be stated that reading the literary text is basically historical with its different dimensions such as the reader finds himself/herself thrown into history, the temporal of experience, the incompleteness of human existence and literary text. The ability to establish a meaningful relationship with history and historical without damaging the fictional existence and autonomy of literary text can be realized through the historicity of reading.

The recognition that social factors have an important impact on people’s health has a long-standing history. However, there was a renewed interest when the Commission on Social Determinants of Health (SDOH) was established by World Health Organization (WHO) in 2005 to support countries and global health partners in addressing the social factors leading to ill health and health inequalities. Since then, the concept of SDOH and its applications have evolved and expanded as researchers have examined the dynamic socio-cultural and economic roots and routes to experiences of health and wellbeing in society. This paper explores how, where and to what benefit the social determinants of health concept has been applied to date, and how such applications have contributed to its critical evolution as a relevant and useful concept in health research, education and practice. This paper summarizes the key themes identified in the literature, broadly in keeping with the core material, social, cultural and economic dimensions of the concept with examples from Ghana, Africa. Through this process, this paper identifies strength and limitations of the concept and its implications for adult education, as well as knowledge gaps and future directions for work in this field, contributing to wider interdisciplinary discussions and debates around social determinants of adults’ health. The research model is crucial for adult educationalists when they design course curriculum for educational institutions.

Buçalışmada EMG sinyalleri kullanılarak 14 farklı parmak hareketi önerilen yenibir öznitelik çıkarma yöntemiyle sınıflandırılmıştır. EMG sinyallerinden parmakhareketlerinin tespiti / sınıflandırılması, ön işleme, özellik çıkarma vesınıflandırma adımlarını içeren 3 ana adımdan oluşur. EMG sinyallerininsınıflandırılmasında, sınıflandırıcının performansı doğrudan öznitelik çıkarmayöntemine bağlıdır. Bu sebeple öznitelik çıkarma yöntemi uygun bir biçimdeseçilmelidir. Literatürde zaman, histogram ve frekans tabanlı birçok öznitelikçıkarma yöntemi vardır. Ancak bu yöntemler yüksek zaman karmaşıklığı, çok fazlaişleme ihtiyaç duyma, fazla sayıda kontrol parametresi bulundurma, vb. birçokdezavantaja sahiptir. Bu çalışmada EMG sinyallerinden çeşitli parmakhareketlerinin sınıflandırılması amacıyla sayılan dezavantajları ortadankaldırmak için yeni bir öznitelik çıkarma yöntemi sunulmuştur. Bu yöntem ikizaman tabanlı öznitelik çıkarma yönteminin hibritleştirilmesiyle eldeedilmiştir. 10 kat çapraz doğrulamayla elde edilen deneysel sonuçlarına göre, önerilenyöntemin %97,48 doğruluk oranıyla bu çalışmada kullanılan diğer 9 öznitelikçıkarma yöntemlerinden daha iyi olduğu deneysel olarak gösterilmiştir. Deneyselsonuçlar istatistiksel yöntemlerle desteklenmiştir., This studyaims to discuss classification of 14 different finger movements from EMG signalsby using new feature extraction technique. The detection/classification of finger movements consists of 3 mainsteps including, preprocessing, feature extraction and classification steps. Inclassification of EMG signals, the performance of the classifier directly dependson feature extraction methods, including, time, histogram and frequency-basedmethods. However, these feature extraction methods have several drawbacksincluding, high time complexity, high computation demand, user suppliedparameters, etc. In this paper, a new feature extraction method has beenproposed for the classification of finger movements from EMG signals toovercome these problems. The proposed method based on hybridization of 2-timedomain feature extraction techniques. The use of this method resulted in an accuracyof 97.48% after 10-fold-cross-validation. The experimental results supportedwith statistical analysis show that proposed method is better than 9 featureextraction methods investigated in this paper

Üretimplanlaması ve güç sistemlerinin yönetilmesi açısından rüzgar enerjisistemlerinden üretilecek elektrik enerjisinin belirli periyotlar için tahminedilmesi gerekmektedir. Bu kapsamda, asimetrik ve kararsız yapıdaki rüzgar hızı verilerinin hassas birşekilde tahmin edilebilmesi için bir çok farklı rüzgar hızı kestirimyaklaşımları önerilmiştir. Bu çalışma kapsamında, diferansiyel gelişimalgoritması (DE) yaklaşımı ile optimize edilen uyarlamalı sinirsel bulanıkçıkarım sistemi (ANFIS) kullanılarak kısa dönemli (1 saat) rüzgar hızı tahminmodelleri geliştirilmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında ele alınan yöntemde, diferansiyel gelişim sezgisel yaklaşımıkullanarak model parametreleri kısa dönemli rüzgar hızı tahmini içinbelirlenmiş ve karşılaştırmalı olarak analiz edilmiştir. Önerilen yaklaşımıntahmindeki performans kriterlerini doğrulamak için Bilecik ilinde bulunan birgözlem istasyonundaki rüzgar hızı serileri kullanılmıştır. ANFIS modelparametrelerinin optimizasyonunda kullanılan sezgisel algoritma 10 kez tekrarlıbağımsız olarak çalıştırılmış ve eğitim-test performans sonuçları istatistikselolarak sunulmuştur. Ayrıca önerilenhibrit modelin performansı literatürde iyi bilinen Levenberg-Marquardtalgoritması eğitilen ileri beslemeli yapay sinir ağı (ANN) sonuçları ile dekarşılaştırılarak yorumlanmıştır., Theelectrical energy to be produced from wind energy systems should be estimatedfor some periods in order to generation planning and power systems management.In this context, many different wind speed forecasting approaches have beenproposed for accurate estimation of asymmetric and unstable wind speed data. Inthis paper, short-term (1h) wind speed forecasting models have been developedby using Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) based on DifferentialEvolution Algorithm (DE). In this paper, the model parameters have beendetermined by differential evolution heuristic approach for short-term windspeed forecasting and analyzed comparatively. To validate the effectiveness ofthe proposed approach, wind speed series collected from a wind observationstation located in Bilecik, Turkey are used in the short-term wind speedforecasting. The meta-heuristic algorithm used in theoptimization of ANFIS model parameters are run 10 times independently and theperformance results are calculated statistically for training and test phasesof ANFIS model. The performances of proposed hybrid models are also comparedwith the well-known feed forward ANN model which is trained by Levenberg-Marquardtin the literature.

Thecontributions of the (so called) Fourth Industrial Revolution and itsdevelopments to the tourism economy during the past century, the effects of thetechnological developments in the digital and mobile areas on tourism industryhave been also examined in different studies. However, it is obvious thatespecially high-tech developments accelerated after 2015 will have more impactthan the sum of all of them on tourism and gastronomy. With this paper, it istargeted to create a mental preparation infrastructure against situations thatcan be encountered within the scope of Industry 4.0 technologies such asvirtual and augmented reality, multidimensional printers (e.g. 3D-4D), robotsand automation, holographic applications. Besides in the light of informationof this theoritical paper, it would be possible to discuss the effects of thesedevelopments on touristic businesses’ financials and on tourism economy. Theexisting concepts against new ones are compared with this theoretical studyaiming to be a resource for future academic studies., Endüstriyel gelişimingeçtiğimiz yüzyılda turizm ekonomisine sağladığı katkıların yanında, dijital vemobil alandaki teknolojik gelişmelerin sektör üzerinde yarattığı etkiler birçoksektörde olduğu gibi farklı çalışmalarla incelenmiştir. Ancak, özellikle 2015sonrasında ivmelenen yüksek teknolojik gelişmelerin tüm bunların toplamındandaha fazla etki yaratacağı açıktır. Turizm ekonomisinde ve sektöründe oluşacak büyükdeğişimlere sanal ve arttırılmış gerçeklik, çok boyutlu yazıcılar, robotlar veotomasyon, hologram boyutundan bakılan bu çalışma ile Endüstri 4.0 kapsamındakarşılaşılabilecek durumlara karşı zihinsel hazırlık altyapısı oluşturulmakistenmiştir. Mevcut kavramları yenileri ile kıyaslayan bu kuramsal çalışmanın[1]gelecektekiteknolojik gerçekleşmeler ışığında veri ve nicel analizlerle incelenmesi ile Türkiye’dekiturizm işletmelerine finansallarına ve turizm ekonomisine etkisi daha somutanaliz edilebilecek ve bu çalışmanın bunlar için önemli bir kaynak olacağıdüşünülmektedir.

Date of Conference: 16-19 May 2016 Conference Name: IEEE 24th Signal Processing and Communications Applications Conference, SIU 2016 In this paper, we study multi-class classification of tweets, where we introduce highly efficient dimensionality reduction techniques suitable for online processing of high dimensional feature vectors generated from freely-worded text. As for the real life case study, we work on tweets in the Turkish language, however, our methods are generic and can be used for other languages as clearly explained in the paper. Since we work on a real life application and the tweets are freely worded, we introduce text correction, normalization and root finding algorithms. Although text processing and classification are highly important due to many applications such as emotion recognition, advertisement selection, etc., online classification and regression algorithms over text are limited due to need for high dimensional vectors to represent natural text inputs. We overcome such limitations by showing that randomized projections and piecewise linear models can be efficiently leveraged to significantly reduce the computational cost for feature vector extraction from the tweets. Hence, we can perform multi-class tweet classification and regression in real time. We demonstrate our results over tweets collected from a real life case study where the tweets are freely-worded, e.g., with emoticons, shortened words, special characters, etc., and are unstructured. We implement several well-known machine learning algorithms as well as novel regression methods and demonstrate that we can significantly reduce the computational complexity with insignificant change in the classification and regression performance.

Public institutions have started to create, use and reserve their official papers in paper format as electronic type according to changing conditions and e-governance transformation depending on development in internet environment. Additionally, public institutions could share their electronic records in legally effective by publishment of legal status of electronic signature. All processes of electronic records with electronic signature in-institution could be managed by ERMS (Electronic Record Management System) institutionally. Out-institution processes can be done via REM (Registered e-Mail) in the same way. However, due to legislation and the system recently, the process including administrative and technical steps is needed to be established in order to use REM within ERMS. This study has emphasized on definitions of records and electronic records, examined ERMS concept and its content, informed about legal and administrative regulations related to electronic records and ERMS at public institutions in Turkey. In addition to this, the processes needed to be revised and performed are analysed in order that public institutions can use REM in both effective and efficient under recent practices at public institutions.

The main purpose of this study is to introduce a theoretical framework based on classical semiotic triangle Reference-Signifier-Signified. This theorical framework is used to examine the relationship between drawings and mathematical objects. In the study, prospective teachers are placed in a transition from drawings towards dynamic drawings. Their process of interpreting variations in a geometrical object’s signifier in a dynamic geometry environment; changes in their signified are analyzed in terms of relations between reference and signifier. The study is a qualitative research and the experimental part consists of two times. In the first time, realized in paper and pencil environment, geometrical drawing activities concerning the concept tangent line to a circle is directed to prospective teachers. In the second time, prospective teachers is asked to realize the same drawing activities in a dynamic geometry environment. Results of the research reveal that as signifiers, drawings in paper and pencil environment are insufficient; but working on dynamic drawings provides rapprochements in the signified of the tangent line concept towards the related reference, Bu çalışmanın temel amacı çizimler ve matematiksel nesneler arasındaki ilişkileri incelemeyi sağlayan Gönderge-Gösteren-Gösterilen klasik semiyotik üçgenini temel alan kuramsal çerçeveyi tanıtmaktır. Bu amaca ulaşmak için, sınıf öğretmeni adaylarına çembere dışındaki bir noktadan teğet çizimi kağıt-kalem ve dinamik geometri ortamlarında yaptırılmıştır. Bu çizimler esnasında, öğretmen adaylarının gösterende oluşan değişimleri yorumlama süreçleri ve bu değişimlerin gösterilene olan katkısı, gönderge ve gösterilen arasındaki ilişkiler bağlamında incelenmiştir. Çalışma nitel bir araştırmadır ve uygulama kısmı iki aşamadan oluşmaktadır. İlk olarak öğretmen adayları çembere dışındaki bir noktadan teğet çizme çalışmasını kağıt-kalem ortamında, daha sonra aynı etkinliği dinamik geometri ortamında yapmışlardır. Kağıt-kalem ile yapılan çizimlerde öğretmen adaylarının görsel eleman kullanarak çizim yaptıkları, dinamik geometri ortamında yapılan çizimlerde ise geometrik özellik arayışına girdikleri görülmüştür. Araştırmanın sonucunda, bir gösteren olarak kağıt-kalem ortamında çizimlerin yetersiz kaldığı, dinamik çizimlerin ise çemberde teğet kavramının gösterileninde ilgili göndergeye yakınlaşma sağladığı sonucuna varılmıştır

Balance transformers can usually eliminate the zero sequence current and suppress the negative sequence current. This paper develops a novel approach for balance transformers, which is different from the traditional one with two-phase or three-phase symmetrical windings. First, the basic principle and the connected scheme of the transformer are clarified. Second, this paper derives the relationship between the primary and the second windings from a mathematical model for the new approach. Third, the balance condition (i.e. the neutral current in the primary side is zero) and the decoupling condition of the two-phase system are also obtained. Finally, the correctness and feasibility of the new approach are verified by the experimental results of a 1-kVA model transformer. Compared to the traditional balance transformers, the new approach has better performance and can be applied to the two-phase or single power supply, such as the traction power supply in electric railway.

In this paper we propose a novel framework using features extracted from Wikipedia for the task of matching named entities. We present how the employed features are extracted from Wikipedia and how its structure is utilized. We describe how a term-concepts table constructed from Wikipedia and the redirect links are integrated in the framework. In addition, the internal links within Wikipedia along with the categories structure are also used to compute the relatedness between concepts. We evaluate the built framework and report its performance in the applications of word sense disambiguation and named entities matching. The system performance is compared against other learning-based state-of-the-art systems and its reported results are found to be competitive. We also present a method in this paper for named entities matching that is context-independent and compare its results with those of other systems.

Recently, interior permanent magnet synchronous motors (Interior-PMSMs) have become known as a good candidate for hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) traction drive application due to their unique merits. However, the dynamic and steady-state behaviors of these motors are quite dependent on the permanent magnet (PM) type, configuration, and volume in rotor structures. This paper uses a novel structure of Interior-PMSMs for traction applications with fragmental buried rotor magnets in order to achieve low torque ripple, iron losses, and cogging torque. In this paper, first, the effect of the PM type on a d-q equivalent circuit model is examined. Next, the design and simulation of an Interior-PMSM for HEV traction drive application, in order to extract the output values of the motor and sensitivity analysis of the PM type, are done using a 3-dimensional finite element method model. We then present the back electromotive force, power factor, cogging torque, flux density, torque per ampere diagram, PM volume, and constant power speed ratio value behavior of the designed Interior-PMSM with different PMs in the rotor structure, and we discuss the effect of temperature variation on these output parameters. This study can help designers in the design approach of such motors.

In this paper, ultracapacitors are used as short-term storages for the frequency control of grid-connected microgrid that consists of photovoltaic panels, fuel cells, and the battery packs as long-term storages. Fuel cells and battery packs have delays in load tracking; therefore, ultracapacitors are used to compensate for the sudden power fluctuations in the microgrid that occur due to the output power uncertainty of the PV arrays and the loads required in the microgrid, as well as the sudden interruption of the main grid. The microgrid consists of interruptible and uninterruptible loads. When the total produced power in the microgrid, in addition to the purchased power from the grid, cannot satisfy the demand, first, the interruptible loads, and then the uninterruptible loads, are interrupted. In this paper, the forced outage rate of each component and some notions of the reliability are considered for the microgrid. To ensure the system's reliability, the uncertainty of the PV power and load demand is considered.

In this paper, a simple-implemented and reliable AC--DC optimal power flow (OPF) is proposed. Although high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission lines are being increasingly used in power systems, new optimization algorithms such as evolutionary and memetic algorithms, which never stick in local minimum, so far have not been implemented in the AC--DC OPF problem. An evolutionary algorithm known as the shuffled frog leaping algorithm (SFLA) is proposed in this paper to solve the OPF dispatch in an AC--DC power system (including both high-voltage alternating current and HVDC transmission lines). The implementation of the AC--DC OPF with these kinds of methods is much simpler than that of traditional (numerical) algorithms. In order to prove the quality of the SFLA, the proposed method is applied to 2 case studies, including the Western System Coordinating Council 9-bus and IEEE 30-bus power systems, and compared with the conventional particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm and 3 of its modified versions, while the constraints are all satisfied. The results of comparison indicate that the SFLA is a reliable and fast optimization method with higher quality solutions among the other applied algorithms.

In recent years, studies began to rise semantics. Several departments have proliferated researchers interested in semantics. There is a need for more academic research in semantics. Indeed, this has been the case in recent years to increase the number of academic papers. Studies, the author's name, year of publication, title of the article / paper title, journal / book / thesis / internet and is given by specifying the page number. Respectively, books on semantics, related to the semantics of the content of some books, dictionaries and encyclopedias, articles, papers, theses, translations, web pages, and some foreign sources of Turkey is the meaning of science studies. This bibliography Turcology scientists working in the field of science and a useful source of meaning in the hope of being presented to the world of science., Son yıllarda Türkiye’de anlam bilimi çalışmaları artmaya başladı. Çeşitli anabilim dallarında anlam bilimiyle ilgilenen araştırmacılar çoğaldı. Anlam bilimi hakkında daha fazla akademik araştırmalara ihtiyaç vardır. Nitekim bu durum son yıllarda akademik çalışmaların sayısının artmasına vesile olmuştur. Çalışmalar, yazar adı, yayım yılı, makale adı / bildiri adı, dergi / kitap / tez / genelağ (internet) ve sayfa numarası belirtilerek verilmiştir. Sırasıyla anlam bilimi ile ilgili kitaplar, içeriğinin bir kısmı anlam bilimi ile ilgili olan kitaplar, sözlük ve ansiklopediler, makaleler, bildiriler, tezler, çeviriler, genelağ sayfaları ve Türk anlam bilim çalışmalarında geçen bazı yabancı kaynaklar verildi. Bu bibliyografya, Türkoloji alanında ve anlam bilimi konusunda çalışan bilim adamlarına yararlı bir kaynak olması ümidiyle ilim dünyasına sunulmaktadır.

This study examines the foreign language teaching methods in Turkey, by focusing on the papers published in the periodicals from 1891 to 1928. The study investigates the foreign language teaching methods in Turkey and aims to contribute the history of the foreign language teaching in Turkey during the period under consideration. Prior to 19th century the persons having any foreign language in the Ottoman Empire were the non-Muslim subjects of the Ottomans. After Tanzimat the modern schools, whose curriculum had the French language, were created. The foreign language meant the French language during the period in question. Although many papers related to the teaching of foreign language took place in the Ottoman periodicals, these papers have not been examined yet., Bu çalışma 1891-1928 yılları arasında Türkiye’de çeşitli dergilerde yayımlanan makalelere dayanarak yabancı dil öğretiminde kullanılan yöntemleri incelemektedir. Çalışma, incelenen dönemde Türkiye’de kullanılan yabancı dil öğretim yöntemlerini araştırmakta ve böylece yabancı dil öğretimi tarihine katkıda bulunmayı hedeflemektedir. XIX. yüzyıla kadar Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nda yabancı dil bilenler genellikle gayrimüslim Osmanlı vatandaşlarıydı. Ancak özellikle Tanzimat’tan sonra Batılı tarzda modern okulların açılması ve bu okullarda yabancı dil öğretimine yer verilmesi yabancı dil bilen Türklerin sayısını arttırdı. Bu dönemde yabancı dil ifadesi genel olarak Fransızca anlamına gelmekteydi. Yabancı dil öğretiminin yaygınlaşmasıyla birlikte yabancı dil öğretim yöntemleri üzerine yazılar kaleme alınmış ve bu mesele XIX. yüzyıl sonları ile XX. yüzyıl başlarında Türkiye’de tartışılan önemli eğitim meselelerinden birisi olmuştur. Ancak bugüne kadar yapılan çalışmalarda konu ele alınıp değerlendirilmemiştir.

Penetrating neck injuries are frequent type of traumas among the civilian population. Considering all emergencies, very few of them require as challenging surgical process as neck traumas. The reason is, due to most organ systems (respiratory, vascular, neurologic, gastrointestinal etc.) are clustered in a compact conduit and the potentiality that even a single penetrating trauma may cause significant injury. Moreover, seemingly innocent wound could be deprive of clear sign or symptom so causing ignore and miss out the underlying severity. Because of the damage risk of the vital structures in the neck depends on the type of penetrating object and the penetration zone, setting the diagnosis and planning the treatment differentiates in particular patient. In this paper, successful medical and surgical manipulation of a patient with stab wound in his neck with massive bleeding and hemodynamic shock is presented, ÖzetPenetran boyun yaralanmaları, sivil travma populasyonu içinde sık görülen bir yaralanma türüdür. Acillerden çok azı boyun travması kadar zor bir cerrahi mücadele süreci gerektirmektedir. Bunun sebebi ise birçok organ sisteminin (respiratuar, vasküler, nörolojik, gastrointestinal vs.) kompakt bir konduitte sıkışmış olması ve tek bir penetran yaralanmanın bile kayda değer hasara yol açabilme potansiyelidir. Dahası, görünürde zararsız olan bir yaralanma, net bulgu ve semptomdan muaf olacağından, kolaylıkla göz ardı edilip atlanabilir. Ayrıca, boyundaki hayati yapıların ciddi zarar görme riski, penetre eden cisme ve bölgeye bağlı olarak değişeceğinden, tanı koyma ve tedavinin planlanması her hastada farklılık göstermektedir. Burada, boynundan bıçaklanarak yaralanan ve masif kan kaybına bağlı şok kliniğiyle acil servise getirilen hastanın başarılı medikal ve cerrahi manipulasyonu sunulmuştur.Anahtar sözcükler: Boyun yaralanması, kanama, şok AbstractPenetrating neck injuries are frequent type of traumas among the civilian population. Considering all emergencies, very few of them require as challenging surgical process as neck traumas. The reason is, due to most organ systems (respiratory, vascular, neurologic, gastrointestinal etc.) are clustered in a compact conduit and the potentiality that even a single penetrating trauma may cause significant injury. Moreover, seemingly innocent wound could be deprive of clear sign or symptom so causing ignore and miss out the underlying severity. Because of the damage risk of the vital structures in the neck depends on the type of penetrating object and the penetration zone, setting the diagnosis and planning the treatment differentiates in particular patient. In this paper, successful medical and surgical manipulation of a patient with stab wound in his neck with massive bleeding and hemodynamic shock is presented.Keywords: Neck injury, bleeding, shock

The closing words—“Farewell, Troy! Now the lifted oar waits for us: Ships of Greece, we come!”—of the chorus in Euripides’ The Trojan Women have strong connotations in the sense that the very word “journey” evokes. On the one hand, these words put the journey that The Trojan Women would undertake in the course of time on centre stage; and on the other, they draw attention to the relationship between Euripides’ text and the versions that derive from it. Glancing at these two aspects, moreover, one can establish a link between the act of translation and “interpreting” Euripides’ The Trojan Women both on “page” and on “stage”. Within this context, the reception of The Trojan Women becomes a vital issue; all the more so when it is taken into consideration from the respective perspectives that Theatre Studies and Translation Studies provide. In this particular framework, the present paper seeks out to scrutinise a (relatively) recent production of The Trojan Women by Theatre Research Laboratory in Turkey based on Jean Paul Sartre’s “adaptation” of the text. The fact that Theatre Research Laboratory based its interpretation on Sartre’s rewriting of Euripides’ text is intriguing in that it compels one to monitor the way that the company perceived the “tragic” on “page”, and made it reborn on “stage” by means of highlighting the Dionysian element/s intrinsic to the Euripidean dramaturgy. The paper, therefore, sets out to propose a discussion of the production with the purpose of revealing Theatre Research Laboratory’s staging approach which aims to expose the pathos into view through a performance style that actually translates the “tragic” into the dynamics of the twenty-first century., Euripides’in Troyalı Kadınlar’ında koronun kapanış sözleri—“Elveda Troya! Kürekler çekilmeye hazır bizi bekliyor şimdi: Helen gemileri, biz geliyoruz!”—“yolculuk” kelimesi açısından önemli çağrışımlara sahiptir. Bu sözler bir taraftan Troyalı Kadınlar’ın zaman içerisinde çıkacakları yolculuğu merkeze taşırken, diğer yandan da Euripides’in metni ve bu eserden türeyen çeşitli versiyonlar arasındaki ilişkiye de dikkat çeker. Keza bu iki hususa odaklanarak, çeviri edimi ve Euripides’in Troyalı Kadınlar’ını hem “sayfa” hem de “sahne” üzerinde “yorumlama” eylemi arasında bir bağ kurmak da mümkündür. Bu bağlamda Troyalı Kadınlar’ın alımlanması fazlasıyla mühim bir mesele haline gelir; bilhassa konuya sırasıyla Tiyatro Araştırmaları ve Çeviribilim perspektiflerinden bakıldığında. Bu çerçeve özelinde mevcut makale, oyunun, Türkiye’de Tiyatro Araştırma Laboratuvarı’nın Jean Paul Sartre’ın “uyarlaması” üzerinden şekillendirdiği (nispeten) yakın tarihli prodüksiyonunun incelemesini sunmayı amaçlamaktadır. Tiyatro Araştırma Laboratuvarı’nın yorumunu Sartre’ın Euripides’in metnini yeniden yazımı üzerine inşa etmesi, topluluğun “sayfa” üzerinde “trajik” olanı hangi yollardan kavrayıp, bunu Euripides dramaturjisine içkin Dionizyak unsurları ön plana çıkararak “sahne” üzerinde nasıl yeniden hayata geçirdiğini elzem bir araştırma sorusu olarak ortaya koyulmasına imkân verdiği için merak uyandırıcıdır. Bu yüzden makale Tiyatro Araştırma Laboratuvarı’nın, pathosu gözler önüne seren bir performans üslubuyla “trajik” olanı yirmi birinci yüzyıl dinamiklerine çeviren sahneleme yaklaşımını ortaya çıkarma gayesiyle söz konusu prodüksiyonu tartışmaya açmayı hedeflemektedir.

As it is known Islam gets its religious content from prophecy (nubuwwah), which is also entitled as messengership (risâla) and revelation (wahy). Through these, the holy Qur’an corrected some misinterpreted and degenerated forms of past holy books on the one hand, and reviewed some creeds of pagan culture on the other and eventually called them false. The disapproval of past books in many aspects gave rise to their members to stand to criticize the Qur’an. So historically we have many criticisms by Christians and Jews. Apart from these heavenly traditions, Barahima, Dualist and materialist ones disparaged the holy Qur’an, considering its content. Our paper profoundly brings forth Imam Mâtürîdî’s criticism against these second groups. Because the great Imam defended the reasonability and plausibility of nubuwwah and consequently the content of the holy Qur’an against these groups, As it is known Islam gets its religious content from prophecy (nubuwwah), which is also entitled as messengership (risâla) and revelation (wahy). Through these, the holy Qur?an corrected some misinterpreted and degenerated forms of past holy books on the one hand, and reviewed some creeds of pagan culture on the other and eventually called them false. The disapproval of past books in many aspects gave rise to their members to stand to criticize the Qur?an. So historically we have many criticisms by Christians and Jews. Apart from these heavenly traditions, Barahima, Dualist and materialist ones disparaged the holy Qur?an, considering its content. Our paper profoundly brings forth Imam Mâtürîdî?s criticism against these second groups. Because the great Imam defended the reasonability and plausibility of nubuwwah and consequently the content of the holy Qur?an against these groups.

Makale, İslam'ın büyüklüğünü göstermek amacıyla ayet ve hadislerin delaletiyle iman edip vahiy ışığında disiplinli yaşamanın insanı yücelteceğini, yeteneklerini tekamül ettirdiğini bizzat ideal yaşantı ile öne çıkan, aksiyon sahibi şahsiyetlerin eser ve şahsî tecrübeleriyle ortaya koymaya çalışmaktadır. Bunun yanı sıra makale psikolojinin henüz keşfedemediği ve bazılarının para psikolojik veya metapsişik boyut dediği insan davranışlarını analize tabi tutmakta ve psikoloji penceresinde bunları okumaya çalışmaktadır. Bundan dolayı makalede sırayla, Görme, Zahiri görmenin(göz kuvvesinin) inkişafı, Batıni görmenin(kalpsel algının) inkişafı, Lems (Temas) Batş (Tutuş) kuvvesinin inkişafı, Dil, Konuşma (Faslı Hitab'ın) inkişafı, İşitme (Kulak kuvvesinin) inkişafı, Şemm'in (Koklama kuvvesinin) veya duyusal algının inkişafı şeklinde beşbaşlık ele alınmakta ve bunlardaki olağanüstü fenomenler ve bunların kökenleri analize tabi tutulmaktadır., This paper focuses on the subject of the extraordinary behaviours of self and its gifts improvement. The main purpose of this paper is to show the majesty of faith and rituals in the spiritual improvement of man. The soul of man is a grant of Allah. This reality gains Man an unutterable dimension. Man is always in contact with the divine effect in his self depth by this soul. Self is a very mystical and wonderful area. According to us beleive in Allah and to live under the guidance of İslamic faith improves gifts of man. Religious worship and sincerity carry him to a different extent. This extent provides him some unusual behaviours and the expansion of gifts which cannot be explained by psychology and science. In a way our aim is to show the mistake of simplified explanation of the extraordinary behaviours and miracles against Islam by the paper.

This paper proposes an optimization method for the optimal placement of phasor measurement units (PMUs) for the complete observability of power systems. The proposed method is based on numerical observability and artificial intelligence. The artificial intelligence algorithm used is the improved tabu search (ITS) algorithm. The ITS is used to find the optimal placement for the PMU to keep the system completely observable. In addition, the paper describes a predictive out-of-step (OOS) algorithm based on the observation of the voltage phase difference between the substations. The proposed optimal placement of the PMUs and the OOS algorithm is tested using the IEEE 6-bus and IEEE 14-bus systems, and the Egyptian 500 kV network. The test systems are simulated using the power system computer aided design software program. The placement algorithm and the OOS prediction algorithm are carried out using MATLAB script programs.

With the advent of electricity markets, the traditional approach to unit maintenance scheduling (UMS) needs to undergo major changes in order to be compatible with competitive environment structures. The transition from a vertical power system to a competitive structure makes many challenges for policymakers and market designers. In this paper, a new approach to UMS in competitive electricity markets is presented. The main part of this study involves both how to treat generating companies (GENCOs) fairly and how to guarantee power system security during the maintenance scheduling. This paper advances the UMS in the electricity market so that one can determine which maintenance plans are to be selected while guaranteeing power system security and ensuring fair competition among GENCOs. The main contribution of this study is the constructing of a new kind of UMS to prevent market power and economic withholding. In order to guarantee power system security, a probabilistic approach of reliability analysis is presented. This probabilistic methodology is designed based on the health levelization and well-being analysis technique. The optimal strategy profile is defined by a genetic algorithm, so it can strike the right balance between profit and security with fair competition. In the end, maintenance scheduling as numerical results for 9 GENCOs of a large-scale IEEE reliability test system is applied to show the applicability of the proposed framework.

The most significant drawback of wireless sensor networks is energy scarcity. As there is an increasing need for operating these networks for relatively long times, energy saving becomes the key challenge in the design of the architectures and protocols for sensor networks. Therefore, several research studies have been performed for making contributions to the analysis of this energy shortage problem. Most of these research activities have been focused on finding solutions for the energy consumption of the communication unit, which is the dominant energy dissipating component of the sensor nodes. In this paper, a novel, token-based routing protocol adapted with a multitier cluster-based architecture is presented. Most of the other cluster-based schemes mainly focus on intracluster organization and communication. However, it should be mentioned that a considerable amount of energy is dissipated during the intercluster communication when compared with intracluster communication. The architecture proposed here not only deals with intracluster communication, but also considers data aggregation, multihop data transmission, and best-effort next hop selection according to a cost factor that is described for the first time in this paper. The simulation results indicate that this token-based next hop selection method together with the multitier cluster-based architecture achieves a significant amount of energy savings, which inherently yields the prolongation of the network lifetime.

Motivated by the dynamic characteristics of underactuated mechanical systems with 2 degrees of freedom, a decoupling adaptive fuzzy sliding mode decoupling controller (DAFSMDC) is presented in this paper. By exploiting the universal approximation property of fuzzy logic systems and the sliding mode control method, this paper proposes a new decoupling strategy of the system into 2 second-order subsystems and introduces an adaptive control algorithm that guarantees the convergence of both subsystems. Since fuzzy systems are used to approximate an unknown ideal controller, the adjustable parameters of the used fuzzy systems are updated using a gradient descent algorithm that is designed to minimize the error between the unknown ideal controller and the fuzzy controller. Based on Lyapunov stability theory, proofs and conditions are then given to ensure the stability of the closed-loop system. Two examples are provided to illustrate the effectiveness and potential of the DAFSMDC technique for the stabilization of underactuated mechanical systems.

This paper presents a new approach for the optimal reconfiguration of radial distribution systems in the presence of reactive power compensators (RPCs). The proposed method is based on the simultaneous reconfiguration and RPC allocation for the mitigation of losses, equalizing the feeder load balancing as well as improving the voltage profile in power distribution networks. In this paper, the compensators are the capacitor bank and distribution static compensator, which is a type of distribution flexible alternating current transmission system device representative of conventional and modern RPCs. In this regard, the optimal states of the distribution system tie switches are determined taking into consideration the best size and location of the RPCs. In order to facilitate the algorithm for multiobjective search ability, the optimization problem is formulated for minimizing fuzzy performance indices. Since the optimization problem is nonlinear, using intelligent search methods such as the shuffled frog-leaping (SFL) algorithm can overcome the limitations of conventional analytic methods. In addition, to enhance the performance of the standard SFL, the fuzzy frog-leaping rule is used in this paper. This algorithm is more accurate and has an efficient convergence property compared to other intelligent search algorithms. The proposed method is validated using the IEEE 33-bus test system and a Tai-Power 11.4-kV distribution system as a real distribution network. The obtained results indicate that multiobjective simultaneous placement of RPCs along with reconfiguration can be more beneficial than separate single-objective optimization.

To determine the nonlinear autoregressive model with exogenous inputs (NARX) parameter values is not an easy task, even though NARX is reported to successfully identify nonlinear systems. Apart from the activation functions, number of layers, layer size, learning rate, and number of epochs, the number of delays at the input and at the feedback loop need to also be determined. The layer recurrent network (LRN) is seen to have the potential to outperform NARX. However, not many papers have reported on using the LRN to identify nonlinear systems. Therefore, it is the aim of this paper to investigate and analyze the parametric evaluation of the LRN and NARX in identifying 3 different types of nonlinear systems. From the 3 nonlinear systems, the satellite's attitude state space is more complex compared to the sigmoid and polynomial equations. To ensure an unbiased comparison, a general guideline is used to select the parameter values in an organized manner. The LRN and NARX performance is analyzed based on the training and architecture parameters, mean squared errors, and correlation coefficient values. The results show that the LRN outperformed NARX in training quality, needs equal or fewer parameters that need to be determined through heuristic processes and equal or lower number of epochs, and produced a smaller training error compared to NARX, especially when identifying the satellite's attitude. This indicates that the LRN has the capability of identifying a more complex and nonlinear system compared to NARX.

Diabetes is a chronic disease in which there are high levels of sugar in the blood. Insulin is a hormone that regulates the blood glucose level in the body. Diabetes mellitus can be caused by too little insulin, a resistance to insulin, or both. Although research activities on controlling blood glucose have been attempted to lower the blood glucose level in the quickest possible time, there are some shortages in the amount of the insulin injection. In this paper, a complete model of the glucose--insulin regulation system, which is a nonlinear delay differential model, is used. The purpose of this paper is to follow the glucose profiles of a healthy person with minimum infused insulin. To achieve these purposes, an intelligent fuzzy controller based on a Mamdani-type structure, namely the swarm optimization tuned Mamdani fuzzy controller, is proposed for type 1 diabetic patients. The proposed fuzzy controller is optimized by a novel heuristic algorithm, namely linearly decreasing weight particle swarm optimization. To verify the robust performance of the proposed controller, a group of 4 tests is applied. Insensitivity to multiple meal disturbances, high accuracy, and superior robustness to model the parameter uncertainties are the key aspects of the proposed method. The simulation results illustrate the superiority of the proposed controller.

Single path routing protocols for Internet access in bus networks (composed of traveling city public buses) may not achieve satisfactory performance because of frequent bus mobility. This paper studies the opportunistic routing protocols in bus networks to improve the system throughput and reduce the access delay. In this paper, we first propose an end-to-end transmission time (EET)-based opportunistic routing (OR) framework. We then derive 3 EET-based OR protocols, EETOR (EET-based OR), EETMcOR (EET-based OR with MAC contention consideration), and EETCcOR (EET-based OR with congestion control consideration), which consider 3 different EET metrics. EETOR considers the network layer transmission behavior to approximately estimate the EET without the knowledge of the MAC layer; EETMcOR calculates the EET by considering the MAC contention and builds a 3-dimensional Markov chain model to quantize the MAC behavior; and EETCcOR takes the congestion effect into account to evaluate the EET and hence decreases congestion by controlling the MAC layer transmission time. Simulations under a real city environment scenario with a bus mobility model are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of our OR protocols.

This paper focuses on viable position estimation schemes for timing belt drives where the position of the carriage (load) is to be determined via reference models receiving input from a position sensor attached to the actuator of the timing belt. A detailed analysis of the transmission error sources is presented, and a number of relevant mathematical models are developed using a priori knowledge of the process. This paper demonstrates that such schemes are very effective when the drive system is not subjected to external loads and operating conditions do not change considerably i.e. ambient temperature, belt tension.

This research was prepeared in order to examine historical development and different usage of movable book illustration. Three dimensions and movable book designs (pop-­‐up) are produced through transforms two dimensions print paper into three dimensions and movable mechanism by illustrators and paper engineers. three dimensions and movable illustrations keep readers sense of wonder alive by means of secret that illustrations have. Thus, illustrations produce to reader an experience of a tabletop theatre. Transforming from a static paper into a dynamic three dimensions mechanism builds an interaction between readers, text and illustrations. This interaction starts more enjoyable and educational process. Movable book designs provide attention of readers and their participations. In addition to their functions of education, entertainment and aesthetics movable book designs also provide experiences that more catchy. Although three dimensions and movable books are identified as children books and toys, when examine the historical process the first examples of movable illustrations designs was produced for adults to explain complex principle, do calculate, relay information more permanently of astronomy, medicine, maths, landscape three dimensions and movable illustrations was used., ÖzBu araştırma hareketli kitap tasarımlarının tarihsel serüveni ve farklı kullanım alanlarını incelemek üzere hazırlanmıştır. Üç boyutlu ve hareketli kitap tasarımları (Pop-up), illüstratörler ve kâğıt mühendislerinin çeşitli yaratıcı yöntemlerle iki boyutlu baskıları üç boyutlu ve hareketli bir şekilde tasarlamalarıyla elde edilir. Üç boyutlu ve hareket edebilen illüstrasyonlar (resimlemeler), içerdikleri gizem sayesinde okurun merak duygusunu canlı tutarak masaüstü tiyatrosu deneyimi yaşatırlar. Durağan sayfanın dinamik üç boyutlu bir mekanizmaya dönüşmesi, okuyucu, içerik ve illüstrasyon arasında bir etkileşim oluşturur . Bu oluşum okuyucuda gözle görülebilir, daha eğlenceli, daha eğitici bir süreç başlatır. Okurun dikkatini çekmeyi ve katılımının aktifliğini garantileyen hareketli kitap tasarımları eğitim, eğlence, estetik algılama gibi fonksiyonlarının yanı sıra deneyimlerin daha akılda kalıcı olmasını da sağlar. Üç boyutlu ve hareketli kitaplar günümüzde çocuk kitabı ile oyuncak kavramları ilişkilendirilerek tanımlansa da tarihsel süreç incelendiğinde tasarımların ilk örneklerinin yetişkinler için üretildiği görülmektedir. Astornomi, tıp, matematik, peyzaj gibi pek çok farklı alanda; karmaşık prensipleri açıklamak, hesaplamalar yapmak ve bilgileri daha akılda kalıcı aktarmak için hareketli kitap tasarım yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. Anahtar kelimeler: Üç Boyutlu Kitaplar, Pop-up kitaplar, İllüstrasyon, Grafik Tasarım.A RESEARCH ON DIFFERENT USAGE OF MOVABLE BOOK ILLUSTRATIONS THROUGHOUT HİSTORYAbstractThis research was prepeared in order to examine historical development and different usage of movable book illustration. 3 dimensions and movable book designs (pop-up) are produced through transforms 2 dimensions print paper into 3 dimensions and movable mechanism by illustrators and paper engineers. 3 dimensions and movable illustrations keep readers sense of wonder alive by means of secret that illustrations have. Thus, illustrations produce to reader an experience of a tabletop theatre. Transforming from a static paper into a dynamic 3 dimensions mechanism builds an interaction between readers, text and illustrations. This interaction starts more enjoyable and educational process. Movable book designs provide attention of readers and their participations. In addition to their functions of education, entertainment and aesthetics movable book designs also provide experiences that more catchy. Although 3 dimensions and movable books are identified as children books and toys, when examine the historical process the first examples of movable illustrations designs was produced for adults to explain complex principle, do calculate, relay information more permanently of astronomy, medicine, maths, landscape 3 dimensions and movable illustrations was used.Key Words: 3 Dimensions Books, Pop-up Books, İllustration, Graphic Design.

This paper will firstly focus on the question of why the issue of immigrant integration, which has been ignored as a distinct policy area that needs consideration at the European Union level until very recently, gained EU-level attention. Afterwards, the balance of power between the basic actors involved in the policy making of the EU, namely, the European Council, Council of Ministers, the European Commission, and the European Parliament, and how this balance affects the progress of developing common policies in the domain of immigrant integration will be analyzed. In the third part, the effect of the failure of the European Constitution's full ratification on the development of EU level integration policies and on the respective weights of the institutions will be covered. Lastly, recommendations for the development of more effective EU policies in terms of immigrant integration and for the greater involvement of the supranational bodies will be made., This paper will firstly focus on the question of why the issue of immigrantintegration, which has been ignored as a distinct policy area that needs considerationat the European Union level until very recently, gained EU-level attention. Afterwards,the balance of power between the basic actors involved in the policy making of the EU,namely, the European Council, Council of Ministers, the European Commission, andthe European Parliament, and how this balance affects the progress of developingcommon policies in the domain of immigrant integration will be analyzed. In the thirdpart, the effect of the failure of the European Constitution's full ratification on thedevelopment of EU level integration policies and on the respective weights of theinstitutions will be covered. Lastly, recommendations for the development of moreeffective EU policies in terms of immigrant integration and for the greater involvementof the supranational bodies will be made.

Dutch Disease was used to describe the decline of the manufacturing industry of the Netherlands following its discovery of natural gas in the 1960s. The concept of Dutch Disease was later expanded to include oil, natural gas, agriculture, minerals, hot money and tourism. The purpose of this paper was to investigate whether the tourism industry in Turkey harming Turkey’s international competitiveness and causing deindustrialization the period after 2000s. In this study, the relationships between real effective exchange rate, foreign tourism revenues and current account deficit have been examined as the method. It was concluded that massive capital inflows in 2004-2014 years in Turkey that takes the first place in lowering the real effective exchange rate, while foreign tourism reached the second row. In the light of these findings, it cannot be said that the tourism sector in Turkey caused the Dutch Disease. However, in this study, it was concluded that foreign tourism caused the overvaluation of TL after the hot money and the country's manufacturing industry turned into an assembly industry.

This article aims to demonstrate the Islamic educational outlook of global citizenship through explaining its concept, rules, needs, values ​​and behavioral principles. This is done by extrapolating the texts of Qur'an and Sunnah; studying the educational scientists’ opinions; and the global experiences in this field. This article’s findings show that there is a need to strengthen the values and behaviors of global citizenship in the Islamic education curriculum of, while, at the same time, adhering to the contractual, legal and ethical rules. The findings show that, in general terms, the principles of global citizenship, are in line with the texts of Qur'an and Sunnah and the views of the educational scholars. Based on these principles, this article suggests topics to be included in the outputs of the Islamic education courses. From an Islamic perspective, the practical areas of global citizenship education begin with the philosophy of education and its general objectives and, then, they outline the curricula. These goals turn into knowledge, practices and trends that learners acquire through textbooks, events and activities in the school environment. Summary: The term "Global Citizenship" is one of the new terms that has emerged to emphasize common elements of the universal human identity and, in particular, the rights and duties of migrant and asylum communities. Due to a range of changes, which have contributed to the increased communication of individuals and communities and increased problems relating to multicultural societies and, more especially, in the migrant and asylum communities, trends have emerged to apply the values and behaviors of global citizenship. These trends focus on the individuals’ values and behaviors and promote cooperation, empathy, mutual respect and global knowledge. Many global education institutions are involved in incorporating global citizenship into their curricula. Islamic religious education is one of the basic lessons that are supposed to address the issues of global citizenship. Hence, there is an urgent need to consolidate global citizenship, through the statement of its concept, characteristics, standards and principles from the perspective of Islamic education, and to show their cognitive and behavioral applications to areas within the curricula. Therefore, this paper aims to identify a general and comprehensive perception of education on global citizenship from an Islamic educational perspective. This is done by clarifying its basic principles in the Qur'an and Sunnah and, from the point of view of Muslim scholars, by clarifying their applied areas in the educational philosophies and outlining the educational outputs from the curricula. Islamic education promotes values and behaviors of respect and acceptance of religious differences. However, this does not mean the acceptance of all aspects of religions and other legislation. This shows, on the other hand, the religious privacy of the learner and, on the other hand, that educational institutions of other faiths are not required to learn Islamic doctrine and legislation if they do not wish to do so. Thus, there is no contradiction between emphasizing the specificity of the learner's contractual and legislative aspect and his/her view of other religions and their followers by respecting them and accepting their existence. This article deals with ethnic and sectarian differences between Muslims so that education policy makers in the Muslim world can build educational goals and design curricula with standards that ensure international knowledge and interest while respecting the specificities, values of respect, cooperation and coexistence. There is, also, a need to educate people about global citizenship in the Islamic world and, more especially, since they all face many cultural and developmental challenges. The most important are the challenges of originality versus Westernization, justice versus tyranny, development in the face of underdevelopment and cooperation in the face of conflict. There are a number of books and articles dealing with global citizenship. While these differ in their analysis of the issues of global citizenship, they are in general agreement about the basic subjects. These studies’ findings conclude that the main subjects of global citizenship are: namely, world peace; global cooperation; moral responsibility; human rights issues; multiculturalism; conservation of the environment; and universality of thought and knowledge. Islamic religious texts emphasize the above mentioned principles of global citizenship and where Islamic culture has a distinctive and proactive role. These principles can be included in Islamic education curricula in the form of its outputs. The Islamic legislative, religious and moral systems contain important directives for individuals and groups so that they establish positive relationships with each other in the local, national and global environments. These guidelines are supposed to form part of the culture of Muslims who profess Islamic beliefs. However, of course, both at the internal and external levels, the forms of application of this culture differ from one society to another. These differences are due to the way, in which these understandings are interpreted, and to the nature of the national, ideological or national tendencies adopted by these societies. In any case, both within Islamic countries and in countries of migration and alienation, Islamic culture continue generally to be an essential determinant of the social behavior of Islamic societies. Education is the best way to impart global values and behaviors. The topics, presented by the Islamic education courses, are fundamental topics and are in addition to the subjects offered by the lessons of national education, moral education and other similar lessons. With the emerging era of globalization and the convergence of individuals and groups through either direct or electronic communication, it is necessary to identify the values and behavioral frameworks that determine the nature of the relationships of Islamic societies at both the internal and external levels. Hence, the cultural environment, in which the individual lives, is no longer confined to the geographical area. Global cultural institutions are turning to global citizenship instead of traditional citizenship. The most important characteristic of the Islamic view of global citizenship is its emphasis on both the participatory and the integrative aspects. The characteristic of communism relates to the orientation of Islamic culture to others at both individual and collective levels through addressing the common human elements in the global, cognitive and moral fields. The complementary feature emphasizes the need to link the participatory aspects to the learner’s specificity of the contractual, legislative and ethical aspects so that the balanced identity is achieved through belonging in a harmonious manner to the global citizenship and Islamic culture. The areas of application for education on global citizenship in educational institutions begin with the education philosophy and its general objectives. This is followed by the outlines of the curricula before turning to the acquired knowledge, practices and trends through textbooks, events and activities in the school environment and the external community. Finally, this article recommends that educational policy makers, supervisors and teachers include the principles of global citizenship in Islamic education curricula and transform them into applied behaviors. This article recommends, also, that further studies be conducted to analyze the content of textbooks in order to determine the extent to which they guarantee the principles of global citizenship from an Islamic educational perspective.

İnternet ve bilişim sistemleri üzerinde işlenen suçları tespit etmek amacıyla gerçekleştirilen adli bilişim incelemelerinin önemi, her geçen gün daha iyi anlaşılmaktadır. Bu minvalde suç ve suçlunun tespiti konusunda hukuka uygun dijital delillerin elde edilmesinin önemi çok büyüktür. Adli bilişim incelemelerinde, birçok farklı yöntem ile dijital deliller elde edilebilir. Özellikle bilişim sistemleri üzerinde kullanılan işletim sistemleri buna çok iyi bir örnektir. Küresel ölçekte olduğu gibi ülkemizde de gerek kişisel kullanımlarda gerekse kurumsal şirketlerde Windows işletim sistemi yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Sanal dünya üzerinde işlenen suçların ve mağduriyetlerin çoğunluğu bu sistem üzerinde yaşanmaktadır. Bu nedenle çalışmada, Windows işletim sistemi üzerinde adli bilişim çalışması yapma gereksinimi duyulmuştur. Adli bilişim alanındaki güncel çalışmalar literatüre daha çok kavramsal ve hukuksal düzenleme olarak katkıda bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada ise metodolojik ve teknik analizler birlikte kullanılarak Windows PowerShell ve üçüncü parti yazılımlarla adli bilişim çalışması yapılması amaçlanmıştır. Böylece sistem bileşenleri üzerindeki dijital deliller, metedolojik ve teknik yöntemlerle analiz edilip, elde edilen sonuçlar görsel verilerle ortaya konulmuştur. The importance of computer forensic reviews carried out to detect crimes committed on the Internet and information systems is be better understood day by day. In this regard, it is very important to obtain digital evidence in accordance with the law in the detection of crime and criminals. In computer forensic investigation, digital evidence can be obtained by many different methods. Operating systems, especially those used on information systems, are a very good example. It is the most preferred Windows operating system in both personal and corporate structures in our country as it is on a global scale. For this reason, the intensity of the crimes committed and the victimization experienced in the virtual world is on this system. Therefore, this study carries out the forensic work on the Windows operating system. Current studies in the field of forensic informatics contribute to the literature mostly as a conceptual and legal arrangement. However, this paper aims to do forensic work with Windows PowerShell and third party software by using methodological and technical analysis together. Thus, digital evidence on system components has been analyzed using methodological and technical methods, and the results obtained have been presented with visual data.

Aim: Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) include a group of hematological malignancies characterized by clonal hematopoiesis, one or more cytopenias (anaemia, neutropenia, and/or thrombocytopenia), and abnormal cellular maturation. The incidence of this disease group increases with increasing age, and physicians should have knowledge about it. MDS is one of the interesting topics in the field of hematology. This article, which evaluates the publications on this subject in our country and in the world with bibliometric evaluation, aims to give direction to those who work and will work on this subject.Material and Method: Scopus bibliometric database was scanned. Original research articles, which include the keywords “myelodysplastic syndrome” and “Article” in the title, abstract and keywords, were reached between 1954-2021. Publications were elevuated due to their institution, author, publication year, subject, number of citations and published journal.Results: It was determined that there were 33,518 publications on MDS and the first publication was published in the year 1954. 22,033 of these publications were original research papers. The United States (USA) (n=6998, 31.8%) was the most scientifically productive country in this regard. The three leading institutions with the most articles on this subject are; University of Texas Dr Anderson Cancer Center (4.7%), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (2.2%), and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (2.1%). 1297 of the articles on MDS were cited at least 100 times. The most cited article received 4574 citations. Our country was in 19th place and 328 articles were published. After the year 2000, there was a rapid increase in the number of publications and the highest number of publications (28 articles) was published in 2020. The highest number of articles (17 articles) from our country was published in the Turkish Journal of Hematology.Conclusion: It is understood that the studies originating from Turkey should be increased numerically and should be placed higher in the ranking., Amaç: Miyelodisplastik sendrom (MDS) hematoloji alanının ilgi çeken konu başlıklarındandır. Bu çalışmada, MDS hakkındaki bilimsel litetarürün gözden geçirilmesini amaçladık. Yöntem: Scopus bibliyometrik veri tabanında İngilizce dilinde tarama yapıldı. Başlık, özet ve anahtar kelimelerinde "myelodysplastic syndrome" ve "Article" anahtar kelimeleri içeren, 1954-2021 yılları arasında yapılmış orijinal araştırma makalelerine ulaşıldı. Yayınlar; yapıldıkları kurum, yazar, yayın yılı, konu, atıf sayısı ve yayınlandıkları dergi açısından değerlendirildi.Sonuçlar: Bu konuda; 33.518 yayın olduğu, ilk yayının 1954 yılında yayınlandığı saptandı. Bunların 22.033 tanesi orijinal araştırma makalesi idi. Amerika Birleşik Devletleri (ABD)(n=6998,%31,8) bu konudaki en bilimsel üretken ülke idi. Bu konuda en fazla makalesi bulunan 3 öncü kurum; Texas Üniversitesi Dr Anderson Kanser Merkezi (%4,7), Fred Hutchinson Kanser Araştırma Merkezi (%2,2) ve Dana-Farber Kanser Enstitüsü (%2,1) idi. MDS konulu makalelerin 1297’si en az 100 kez atıf almıştı. En fazla atıfı alan makale 4574 atıf almıştı. Ülkemiz 19. sırada yer almakta olup, 328 makale yayınlanmış idi. 2000 yılından sonra yayın sayısında hızlı bir artış olmuş ve en fazla yayın (28 makale) 2020 yılında yayınlanmıştı. Ülkemizden en fazla sayıda makale (17 makale) Turkish Journal of Hematology’de yayınlanmıştı.Tartışma: Analiz çalışmamız MDS hakkında yapılan yayınların atıf sayılarının oldukça yüksek olduğu yönünde idi. Bu da araştırmacıları bu konuda yayın yapmaya teşvik edebilir. Ayrıca ülkemizden bu konuda yapılması gereken yayın sayılarının arttırılması gerekmektedir.

The Synoptic Problem is a puzzle that scholars have desired to solve since the 18th century. The discussion has a religious background, because it is about the first three canonical Gospels of the Church, namely Matthew, Mark and Luke, which came to be called the Synoptic Gospels. The discussion, in the most basic context, concentrates on the point that there is a possible relationship or connection between the Synoptic Gospels and that each one is substantially similar to another but at the same time includes different aspects. This theoretical discussion separates the Gospel of John from the Synoptic Gospels and does not see it as a main source for the history of Jesus. The method of discussion is based on the reading of the Synoptic Gospels from a birds-eye-view, as seen together, and as comparatively in relation to each other. The aim of the discussion is to reach accurate historical information about Jesus and the birth of Christianity by analyzing the possible relationship between the Synoptic Gospels through their sources. Several hypotheses have been proposed for the solution of the Synoptic Problem. However, all the modern studies in the context of the problem are carried out by Western scholars. In other words, Synoptic Problem is a relatively unknown subject in the Turkish academic circles. So in this paper the aim is to draw the attention of the Turkish academy to the substance and framework of the Synoptic Problem through an introductory survey. In addition, some results that can be reached in this context will be exemplified by getting help from the redaction criticism., Sinoptik Problem, XVIII. yüzyıldan bu yana bilim insanlarının çözmeye çalıştıkları bir sorun ve entelektüel bir tartışmadır. Bu tartışma, Kilise’nin geleneksel İncillerinden ilk üçünü, yani Sinoptik İnciller tabir edilen Matta, Markos ve Luka’yı bahis konusu etmesi dolayısıyla dinsel bir arka plan barındırmaktadır. Tartışma, en temel bağlamda, içerik, dil ve düzen bakımlarından büyük oranda benzeşen, ama bazen de farklı noktalar barındıran söz konusu bu İnciller arasında ne gibi ilişkiler bulunduğu ya da kurulabileceği noktasında yoğunlaşmaktadır. Tartışmanın teorisi, Yuhanna İncili’ni Sinoptik İncillerden ayırmakta ve onu İsa’nın tarihi için temel bir kaynak olarak görmemektedir. Tartışmanın yöntemi, Sinoptik İncil metinlerinin kuşbakışı olarak birlikte görülmek suretiyle ve karşılaştırmalı şekilde okunması esasına dayanmaktadır. Tartışmanın amacı, Sinoptik İnciller arasındaki muhtemel ilişkiler ağını bunların kaynakları üzerinden çözümlemek suretiyle İsa ve Hıristiyanlığın doğuşu konularında özgün tarihsel bilgilere ulaşmaktır. Sinoptik Problem’in çözümüne yönelik birçok hipotez ileri sürülmektedir. Ancak Problem kapsamındaki bütün modern çalışmalar Batılı araştırmacılar tarafından yapılmaktadır. Bir başka deyişle, Sinoptik Problem Türk akademisine yabancı bir konudur. Bu yüzden de burada, giriş mahiyetinde bir değerlendirme üzerinden, Sinoptik Problem’in varlığına ve çerçevesine Türk akademisinin dikkatini çekmek amaçlanmaktadır. Ayrıca bu bağlamda ulaşılabilecek bazı sonuçlar redaksiyon kritiği yönteminden yardım alınmak suretiyle örneklendirilecektir.

Bu çalışmada Doğu Anadolu Bölgesinde parmak replantasyonu yapılan hastalarda yaş, cinsiyet, iskemi süresi, meslek grubu ve etiyolojik sebepler gibi etmenlerin replantasyonun başarı oranına etkisini değerlendirmek amaçlandı. Çalışmaya replantasyon merkezimize Doğu Anadolu Bölgesi’nin farklı illerinden başvuran toplam 124 hastanın 172 ampüte parmağı dahil edildi. Çalışmaya herhangi bir seviyede total veya subtotal ampütasyonu olup distal perfüzyonu olmayan ampütasyonlar dahil edildi. Çalışmaya dahil edilen hastalar sanayii işçisi (mobilya ve oto sanayii), tarım işçisi, kasap, ev hanımı ve diğer şeklinde 5 farklı meslek grubunda kategorize edildi. Kliniğe başvuran 124 hastanın 172 total veya subtotal ampüte parmakların hepsine replantasyon denendi. Replantasyon merkezine başvuran 124 hastanın 172 parmağında başarı oranı %76,1’idi. Hastaların 103’ü(%83) erkek, 21 i(%17) kadın idi. 21 kadın hastanın 26 parmağında başarı oranı %57,7 iken 103 erkek hastanın 146 parmağındaki başarı oranı %79,5’idi. Başvuran hastaların iskemi süresi 101 parmakta (%58,7) 0-3 saat, 47’sinde(%27,3) 3-6 saat ve 24’ünde(%13,9) 6 saatten fazlaydı. 0-3 saat iskemi süresinde olan hasta grubundaki başarı oranı %83,2 idi. Meslek gruplarına göre en yüksek başarını oranını %85,7 ile diğer meslek grubundaydı. En düşük başarı oranı %58,1 ile kasaplardaydı. Etiyolojik sebepler arasında en yüksek başarı oranı %85,3 ile tarım makinası yaralanması nedeniyle opere edilen hastalardaydı. Başarılı bir replantasyon; cerrahi ekibin tecrübesi, hastanenin kapasitesi, cerrahi ekipman ve mikroskobun kalitesi gibi birçok etkenle ilişkilidir. Gelecekte de cerrahi teknik ve mikroskop teknolojisindeki gelişmelere bağlı olarak replantasyon ameliyatlarındaki başarı oranının giderek artacağı düşünülmektedir., This paper investigate the effect of demographics (age, gender, is chemia duration, and occupational group) andetiological factors on the success rates of replantation surgerie sperformed in the Eastern Anatolia Region of Turkey.The sample consisted of 172 amputated fingers of 124 patients admitted to our replantation center. The inclusioncriteria were (1) total-subtotalamputations at anylevel and (2)amputations without distalperfusion. Participants belonged to five occupational groups: industrial workers, agricultural workers, butchers, housewives, andothers.All participant sunderwent finger replantation surgery. The overall success rate was 76.1%. 21 participants (17%; 26 fingers) were women, while the remaining 103 (83%; 146 fingers) were men. Female and male participants had a success rate of 57.7% and 79.5%, respectively. 101 fingers (58.7%) had an ischemiaduration of 0-3 hours. 47fingers (27.3%) had an ischemia duration of 3-6 hours. 24 fingers (13.9%) had an ischemia duration of more than six hours. The patient group with an is ichemia duration of 0-3 hours had a success rate of 83.2%. The occupational group “others” and “butchers” had the highest (85.7%) and lowest successrates (58.1%), respectively. As foretiological factors, patients who underwent surgery dueto agricultural machine injuries had the highest success rate (85.3%).The success depends on numerous factors ,like the experience level of the surgical team, hospital capacity, and the quality of surgicale equipmentand microscope. We think that future advances in surgical techniques and microscope technology will gradually increase the success rates of replantationsurgeries.

Obsesyonlar engellenemeyen, rahatsız edici düşünceler olarak tanımlanırken, kompulsiyonlar, obsesyonların ortaya çıkardığırahatsızlık hissini giderebilmek için ritüeller şeklinde gerçekleştirilen davranışlardır. Davranışçı terapinin ise temelinde, bireyinçevresel uyaranlara verdiği tepkilere bakarak ilişkiyi belirlemek ve davranışa müdahalede bulunmak vardır. Bu çalışmada, obsesifkompulsif bozukluğa (OKB) sahip bireylerin tedavisinde kullanılan davranışçı terapi tekniklerini betimlemek ve etkililiğiniaraştırmak amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma “Preferred Reporting Items For Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA)”yönergesine uygun şekilde gerçekleştirilmiştir. 2000 ve 2020 yılları arasında OKB tedavisinde davranışçı teknikleri kullanançalışmaları belirlemek amacı ile Web of Science, Pubmed, Science Direct, YÖK Ulusal Tez Merkezi ve TR Dizin veri tabanları taranmıştır.Tarama sonucunda, 632 çalışmaya ulaşılmış, 11 sonuç değerlendirmeye alınmıştır. İncelenen çalışmaların hepsi yayımlanmışaraştırma makalesidir. Ulaşılan makalelerin beşi sanal gerçeklik uygulaması, üçü psikoeğitim ve alıştırma, ikisi alıştırma ve tepkiönleme ve biri de psikoeğitim, alıştırma ve tepki önleme tekniklerini kullanmıştır. Çalışmaya dahil edilen araştırmaların katılımcısayıları toplamı 438’dir. Araştırmaların sonuçlarına bakıldığında OKB’nin tedavisinde, sanal gerçeklik uygulamaları, alıştırma, tepkiönleme, psikoeğitim gibi teknikler yalnız kullanıldığında da, beraber kullanıldığında da etkili görünmektedir., While obsessions are defined as unobtrusive, disturbing thoughts, compulsions are behaviors performed in the form of ritualsto relieve the feeling of discomfort caused by obsessions. Behavioral therapy is based on determining the relationship andinterfering with behavior by looking at the individual’s responses to environmental stimuli. The aim of this study is to describebehavioral therapy techniques used in the treatment of individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and to investigatetheir effectiveness. The study was carried out in accordance with the PRISMA directive. Web of Science, Pubmed, Science Direct,YÖK National thesis Center and TR Index databases were scanned in order to identify studies using behavioral techniques in OKBtreatment between 2000 and 2020. As a result of the scan, 632 studies have been reached, 11 results have been evaluated. All ofthe reviewed studies are published research papers. Five of the articles reviewed used virtual reality, three used psychoeducationand exposure, two used exposure and response prevention techniques and one used psychoeducation, exposure and responseprevention techniques. The total number of participants of the researches included in the study is 438. Based on the results ofresearches, techniques such as virtual reality, exposure, response prevention, psychoeducation seem to be effective when usedalone or together in the treatment of OCD.